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IRS 2012 Data Book Is Available

MAR. 25, 2013

IRS 2012 Data Book Is Available

DATED MAR. 25, 2013
DOCUMENT ATTRIBUTES
2012 INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE DATA BOOK

 

October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012

 

 

Department of the Treasury

 

Internal Revenue Service

 

 

Steven T. Miller

 

Acting Commissioner

 

 

Rosemary D. Marcuss

 

Director, Research, Analysis, and Statistics

 

 

M. Susan Boehmer

 

Director, Statistics of Income Division

 

 

Barry W. Johnson

 

Chief, Special Studies Branch

 

 

Wayne K. Kei

 

Chief, Communications and Data Dissemination Section

 

 

The IRS Mission

Provide America's taxpayers top-quality service by helping them understand and meet their tax responsibilities and enforce the law with integrity and fairness to all.

 

Internal Revenue Service

 

Data Book, 2012

 

 

This report describes activities conducted by the Internal Revenue Service during Fiscal Year 2012 (October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012). It provides information on returns filed and taxes collected, enforcement, taxpayer assistance, the IRS budget and workforce, and other selected activities.

When using information from this report, cite the Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2012 as follows --

 

Internal Revenue Service

 

Data Book, 2012

 

Publication 55B

 

Washington, DC

 

March 2013

 

For sale by --

 

Superintendent of Documents

 

PO Box 371954

 

Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954

 

 Contents

 

 

 Acknowledgments

 

 

 Letter from the Commissioner

 

 

 List of Statistical Tables

 

 

 Statistical Tables

 

 

 Data Sources, by Subject Area and Table Number

 

 

 Principal Officers of the Internal Revenue Service

 

 

 Principal Officers of the Internal Revenue Service

 

   Office of Chief Counsel

 

 

 Commissioners of Internal Revenue

 

 

 Chief Counsels for the Internal Revenue Service

 

 

 Internal Revenue Service Organization

 

 

Acknowledgments

Internal Revenue Service Offices

Principal Coordinators:

Appeals

 

Lois Mauriello

 

Chief Counsel

 

Christina L. Aiken

 

Hilary A. Ferrell

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

Dava Berkman

 

Mark Brey

 

David L. Byers

 

Charles A. Messing

 

Jeshal Patel

 

Kent Rinehart

 

Weiss Russell

 

Afzaal H. Shamsie

 

Todd Tasch

 

Thuan N. Truong

 

Criminal Investigation

 

Stephen D. Harris

 

Dee R. Jackson

 

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion

 

Sabyaschi Guharay

 

Officer Online Services

 

Merci del Toro

 

Research, Analysis, and Statistics

 

Brett Collins

 

David J. Ludlum

 

Small Business/Self-Employed

 

Maureen Aptowicz

 

Catherine A. LaBille

 

Karen E. Johnson

 

Bob D. Schwaller

 

Annamarie Ugoletti

 

Tax Exempt and Government Entities

 

Robert W. Noonan

 

Taxpayer Advocate

 

Joann F. Morasse

 

Juan M. Rodriguez

 

Wage and Investment

 

Reuben A. Bejarano

 

Bradley N. Birch

 

Tamikio Bohler

 

David Tyree

 

Statistics of Income Division, Communications and Data Dissemination

Managing Editor

 

Ruth A. Schwartz

 

Technical Editors

 

James R. Hobbs

 

Barry W. Johnson

 

Layout Designer

 

Clay R. Moulton

 

Information Technology Specialist

 

Paul A. Bastuscheck

 

Publishing Services Coordinator

 

Lisa B. Smith

 

The Internal Revenue Service Data Book Online

The Internal Revenue Service Data Book tables for the current year and previous years may be found on the IRS Internet site. The World Wide Web address is: www.irs.gov/taxstats. From the Web site, select "IRS Data Books" in the "Products, Publications & Papers" section. An archive of historical Data Books from 2012 to 1863 is also available on the site. For additional information, contact Statistical Information Services at 202-874-0410 or e-mail sis@irs.gov.

 

* * * * *

 

 

Letter from the Commissioner

 

 

I am pleased to present the 2012 Internal Revenue Service Data Book, which details IRS activities for Fiscal Year 2012 (October 1, 2011 through September 30, 2012). This annual report catalogs the many ways in which our dedicated employees serve the American taxpayer.

During Fiscal Year 2012, the IRS processed more than 237 million returns, including individual income, corporate income and employment income tax returns. We provided $373 billion in refunds to these taxpayers and collected $2.5 trillion for the federal government. We provided taxpayer assistance through nearly 373 million visits to IRS.gov, and assisted nearly 97 million taxpayers via our toll-free telephone helpline or at walk-in sites. Of the 146 million individual income tax returns processed, 81 percent were filed electronically.

In 2012, the IRS responded to many challenging situations, providing assistance to taxpayers in a variety of circumstances. For example, we gave filing and payment relief to victims of Hurricane Isaac and later Hurricane Sandy. We also continued to add flexibilities to our collection program under the Fresh Start initiative, to help taxpayers facing economic hardships.

One of the biggest challenges confronting the IRS today is refund fraud caused by identity theft. The IRS has more than doubled the number of staff dedicated to preventing refund fraud and assisting taxpayers victimized by identity theft, with more than 3,000 employees working in this area. As a result of these increased efforts, the IRS during FY 2012 was able to prevent the issuance of more than 3 million fraudulent refunds worth more than $20 billion. Despite these efforts, much more work remains on identity theft as well as on overall refund fraud.

The IRS in 2012 made significant progress on international enforcement, specifically in our efforts against the practice of illegally hiding assets and income in offshore accounts. We have continued our two-pronged approach: offering a voluntary disclosure program for those who want to come in and get right with the government, while at the same time pursuing tax evaders and the promoters and banks assisting them.

Looking ahead, we look to make further progress in our efforts to improve taxpayer service and ensure compliance with the nation's tax laws. I am proud to give you this year's issue of the IRS Data Book.

Acting Commissioner of Internal

 

Revenue

 

 

Steven T. Miller

 

* * * * *

 

 

 List of Statistical Tables

 

 

 Returns Filed, Taxes Collected, and Refunds Issued

 

 

 Table 1.  Collections and Refunds, by Type of Tax, Fiscal Years 2011

 

           and 2012

 

 

 Table 2.  Number of Returns Filed, by Type of Return, Fiscal Years

 

           2011 and 2012

 

 

 Table 3.  Number of Returns Filed, by Type of Return and State,

 

           Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 4.  Number of Returns Filed Electronically, by Type of Return

 

           and State, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 5.  Gross Collections, by Type of Tax and State, Fiscal Year

 

           2012

 

 

 Table 6.  Gross Collections, by Type of Tax, Fiscal Years

 

           1960-2012

 

 

 Table 7.  Number of Refunds Issued, by Type of Refund and State,

 

           Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 8.  Amount of Refunds Issued, Including Interest, by Type of

 

           Refund and State, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Enforcement: Examinations

 

 

 Table 9a. Examination Coverage:Recommended and Average

 

           Recommended Additional Tax After Examination, by Type and

 

           Size of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 9b. Examination Coverage:Individual Income Tax Returns

 

           Examined, by Size of Adjusted Gross Income, Fiscal Year

 

           2012

 

 

 Table 10. Examination Coverage: Returns Examined with Unagreed

 

           Recommended Additional Tax After Examination, by Type and

 

           Size of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 11. Examination Coverage:Returns Examined Involving

 

           Protection of Revenue Base, by Type and Size of Return,

 

           Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 12. Examination Coverage: Returns Examined Resulting in

 

           Refunds, by Type and Size of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 13. Returns of Tax-Exempt Organizations, Employee

 

           Retirement Plans, Government Entities, and Tax-Exempt Bonds

 

           Examined, by Type of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Enforcement: Information Reporting and Verification

 

 

 Table 14. Information Reporting Program, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 15. Math Errors on Individual Income Tax Returns, by

 

           Type of Error, Calendar Year 2012 38

 

 

 Enforcement: Collections, Penalties, and Criminal Investigation

 

 

 Table 16. Delinquent Collection Activities, Fiscal Years 2011

 

           and 2012

 

 

 Table 17. Civil Penalties Assessed and Abated, by Type of Tax

 

           and Type of Penalty, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 18. Criminal Investigation Program, by Status or

 

           Disposition, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Taxpayer Assistance

 

 

 Table 19. Selected Taxpayer Assistance and Education Programs,

 

           by Type of Assistance or Program, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 20. Taxpayer Advocate Service: Postfiling Taxpayer

 

           Assistance Program, by Type of Issue and Relief, Fiscal

 

           Year 2012

 

 

 Table 21. Appeals Workload, by Type of Case, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Tax-Exempt Activities

 

 

 Table 22. Tax-Exempt Guidance and Other Regulatory Activities,

 

           Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 23. Determination Letters Issued on Employee Retirement

 

           Plans, by Type and Disposition of Plan, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 24. Closures of Applications for Tax-Exempt Status, by

 

           Organization Type and Internal Revenue Code Section, Fiscal

 

           Year 2012

 

 

 Table 25. Tax-Exempt Organizations and Nonexempt Charitable

 

           Trusts, Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

 Chief Counsel

 

 

 Table 26. Chief Counsel Workload: All Cases, by Office and

 

           Type of Case or Activity, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 Table 27. Chief Counsel Workload:Tax Litigation Cases, by Type

 

           of Case, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

 IRS Budget and Workforce

 

 

 Table 28. Costs Incurred by Budget Activity, Fiscal Years 2011

 

           and 2012

 

 

 Table 29. Collections, Costs, Personnel, and U.S. Population,

 

           Fiscal Years 1980-2012

 

 

 Table 30. Personnel Summary, by Employment Status, Budget

 

           Activity, and Selected Type of Personnel, Fiscal Years 2011

 

           and 2012

 

 

 Table 31. Internal Revenue Service Labor Force, Compared to

 

           National Totals for Civilian and Federal Labor Forces, by

 

           Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Disability, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

Returns Filed, Taxes Collected, and Refunds Issued

Tables 1 and 2 provide a broad overview of the main functions performed by the IRS: processing Federal tax returns and collecting revenue. During Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, the IRS processed more than 237.3 million Federal tax returns and supplemental documents, and collected over $2.5 trillion in gross taxes. After accounting for nearly 123.4 million refunds, totaling more than $373.4 billion, collections (net of refunds) totaled almost $2.2 trillion.

During FY 2012, there were more than 146.2 million individual income tax returns filed, accounting for over 61.6 percent of all returns filed. Individual income tax withheld and tax payments, combined, totaled nearly $1.4 trillion before refunds, which amounted to almost $322.7 billion.

The IRS also processed nearly 2.3 million returns and collected almost $281.5 billion in taxes, before refunds, from corporations in FY 2012. Partnerships and S corporations filed an additional 8.2 million returns.

Tables 3 through 6 provide additional details on returns filed, returns filed electronically, and gross collections. More than 144.6 million returns, including nearly 81.0 percent of individual income tax returns, were filed electronically in FY 2012. Of these, paid preparers filed more than 75.1 million tax returns electronically and taxpayers filed more than 3.1 million returns using the IRS Free File program.

Tables 7 and 8 provide information on tax refunds by State and type of tax. In FY 2012, nearly 17.0 million tax refunds included a refundable child tax credit and almost 23.5 million included the earned income tax credit.

 

Table 1. Collections and Refunds, by Type of Tax,

 

Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 9.]

 

 

 

 

Table 2. Number of Returns Filed, by Type of Return,

 

Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

[Numbers are in thousands -- for Fiscal Year 2012

 

details by State, see Table 3]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 10.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3. Number of Returns Filed, by Type of Return and State,

 

Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 12.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 4. Number of Returns Filed Electronically,

 

by Type of Return and State, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 15.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5. Gross Collections, by Type of Tax and State,

 

Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 18.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 6. Gross Collections, by Type of Tax,

 

Fiscal Years 1960-2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 21.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 7. Number of Refunds Issued, by Type of Refund and State,

 

Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 23.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 8. Amount of Refunds Issued, Including Interest,

 

by Type of Refund and State, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 25.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Enforcement:

 

Examinations

 

 

Enforcement of the tax laws is an integral component of the IRS's mission. IRS enforcement activities, such as examination and collection, target elements of the tax gap and are a high priority for the IRS.

The IRS accepts most Federal tax returns as filed. However, it examines (or audits) some returns to determine if income, expenses, and credits are being reported accurately. Some examinations are handled entirely by mail, while others are conducted in a taxpayer's home, place of business, IRS office, or office of an attorney, accountant, or enrolled agent. The IRS enforces the tax law in a number of ways. For individual taxpayers, some of the more common methods may include:

  • sending a notice to a taxpayer because the IRS has an information return that indicates a taxpayer has income, but has not filed a tax return;

  • rectifying a taxpayer error by using its authority to correct math errors and related problems on a return, as filed;

  • informing a taxpayer that he/she has a record of income that does not appear on a tax return;

  • conducting an examination by mail (correspondence examination); or

  • conducting a face-to-face audit (field examination).

 

Tables 9a through 12 provide information about examinations of most types of tax returns. Table 9a provides an overview of all examinations of income tax returns, estate and gift tax returns, employment tax returns, excise tax returns, and certain other business tax returns. During Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, the IRS examined 0.9 percent of all returns filed in Calendar Year (CY) 2011, 1.0 percent of all individual income tax returns filed in CY 2011, and 1.6 percent of corporation income tax returns (excluding S corporation returns). Table 9b shows examinations of individual income tax returns by size of adjusted gross income (AGI). Overall, in FY 2012, individual income tax returns in higher AGI classes were more likely to be examined than returns in lower AGI classes.

Table 10 provides additional information about those examinations in which the taxpayer did not agree with the IRS examiner's determination. Table 11 provides information on examinations that prevented the erroneous payment of refunds. Table 12 shows the number of examinations that resulted in additional refunds paid to the taxpayer and the amount of refunds recommended. Of the 1.5 million examinations of individual income tax returns, nearly 54,000 resulted in additional refunds of almost $1.0 billion.

Table 13 provides information about examinations of tax-exempt organizations, such as charitable organizations and foundations, employee retirement plans, Government entities, and tax-exempt bonds. These organizations generally do not owe Federal income tax. However, tax-exempt organizations may owe additional payroll taxes, unrelated business income tax, or excise taxes. In addition, changes to exempt organization returns may lead to adjustments on related taxable returns. Examinations of related returns are also included in Table 13 (and excluded from Tables 9a through 12). The IRS processed 798,903 returns of tax-exempt organizations in CY 2011 and examined 10,743 tax-exempt organization and related returns in FY 2012.

 

Table 9a. Examination Coverage: Recommended and Average

 

Recommended Additional Tax After Examination,

 

by Type and Size of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 28.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 9b. Examination Coverage: Individual Income Tax Returns

 

Examined, by Size of Adjusted Gross Income, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 32.]

 

 

 

 

Table 10. Examination Coverage: Returns Examined with

 

Unagreed Recommended Additional Tax After Examination,

 

by Type and Size of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 33.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 11. Examination Coverage: Returns Examined

 

Involving Protection of Revenue Base, by Type and

 

Size of Return, Fiscal Year 20121

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 35.]

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 12. Examination Coverage: Returns Examined Resulting

 

in Refunds, by Type and Size of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 37.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 13. Returns of Tax-Exempt Organizations, Employee

 

Retirement Plans, Government Entities, and Tax-Exempt Bonds Examined,

 

by Type of Return, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 39.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Enforcement:

 

Information Reporting and Verification

 

 

The IRS uses tools other than examinations to identify and resolve taxpayer errors. In addition to receiving information on self-reported income and tax on returns filed by taxpayers, the IRS gathers independent information about income received and taxes withheld from information returns, such as Forms W-2 and 1099 filed by employers and other third parties. With its Automated Underreporter Program, the IRS matches these information returns to tax returns and contacts taxpayers to resolve discrepancies. In the Automated Substitute for Return Program, the IRS uses information returns from third parties to identify tax return delinquencies (nonfilers); construct tax returns for certain nonfilers based on that third-party information; and assess tax, interest, and penalties based on the substitute returns.

Table 14 provides information about both the Automated Underreporter Program and the Automated Substitute for Return Program. During Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, the IRS received more than 2.2 billion third-party information returns, nearly 88.8 percent of which were filed electronically. Under its Automated Underreporter Program, the IRS closed more than 4.5 million cases in which it identified a discrepancy between the taxpayer return and third-party information, resulting in more than $7.1 billion in additional assessments. In FY 2012, under its Automated Substitute for Return Program, the IRS closed 803 thousand cases in which a tax return delinquency was identified for nonfilers, resulting in almost $6.7 billion in additional assessments.

During the routine processing of tax returns, the IRS also checks for mathematical and clerical errors before refunds are paid. Table 15 shows the types of errors made on returns processed. For Tax Year (TY) 2011 individual income tax returns processed during Calendar Year 2012, IRS sent more than 2.0 million notices to taxpayers for over 2.7 million math errors identified on their returns.

 

Table 14. Information Reporting Program, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 42.]

 

 

 

 

Table 15. Math Errors on Individual Income Tax Returns,

 

by Type of Error, Calendar Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 43.]

 

 

 

 

Enforcement:

 

Collections, Penalties, and Criminal Investigation

 

 

The mission of the IRS's Collection function is to collect Federal taxes that have been reported or assessed but not paid, and to secure tax returns that have not been filed. Table 16 provides information on these activities. During Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, the IRS collected, net of credit transfers, over $31.1 billion in unpaid assessments on returns filed with additional tax due.

The failure to comply with Federal tax laws may result in civil penalties. Table 17 provides information on penalties assessed and abated during FY 2012, by type of tax and type of penalty. During FY 2012, the IRS assessed almost $26.9 billion in civil penalties. Slightly more than half of that amount, $13.6 billion, was assessed in civil penalties on individual, and estate and trust income tax returns. The IRS also abated over $11.3 billion in civil penalties during the year, including nearly $5.1 billion in abatements for individual, and estate and trust income tax returns.

Individuals who deliberately fail to comply with Federal tax laws may also be subject to a criminal investigation, which could result in prosecution, fines, and imprisonment. Table 18 summarizes criminal investigation activity related to legal source tax crimes, illegal source financial crimes, and narcotics-related financial crimes. In FY 2012, IRS initiated 5,125 criminal investigations in these three areas.

Legal source tax investigations involve activities, industries, and occupations that generate legitimate income. The Legal Source Tax Crimes Program also includes cases that may threaten the tax system, such as frivolous challenges to the legitimacy of the tax laws; unscrupulous tax return preparers; and fraudulent refund schemes. During FY 2012, the IRS referred 1,401 legal source tax crime cases for prosecution.

Illegal source financial crimes relate to proceeds derived from unlawful sources, other than narcotics. These involve tax and tax-related violations, as well as money laundering. During FY 2012, the IRS referred 1,518 illegal source financial crime cases for prosecution.

The Narcotics Program investigates narcotics-related tax and money-laundering crimes. The IRS often cooperates with the Justice Department and other law enforcement agencies to accomplish its mission. During FY 2012, the IRS referred 782 narcotics-related financial crimes cases for prosecution.

 

Table 16. Delinquent Collection Activities,

 

Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 45.]

 

 

 

 

Table 17. Civil Penalties Assessed and Abated, by Type of Tax

 

and Type of Penalty, Fiscal Year 2012 [1]

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 46.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 18. Criminal Investigation Program,

 

by Status or Disposition, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 48.]

 

 

 

 

Taxpayer Assistance

 

 

The IRS assists taxpayers in meeting their Federal tax return filing and payment obligations in a variety of ways, such as through its telephone helpline, via the Internet, at IRS walk-in sites, and through volunteer income tax return preparers. Table 19 provides information about some of the programs and services designed to help taxpayers. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, the IRS provided taxpayer assistance through 372.5 million visits to IRS.gov and assisted nearly 96.9 million taxpayers through its toll-free telephone helpline or at walk-in sites.

Table 20 provides information about the Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS). TAS is an independent organization within the IRS that helps taxpayers resolve problems with the IRS and recommends changes that will prevent those problems in the future. Taxpayers may submit an application for assistance to TAS. In FY 2012, TAS received 219,666 new requests for assistance and closed 232,508 cases, including those received in a prior fiscal year.

Table 21 provides information on the workload of IRS's Appeals Office. The mission of Appeals is to resolve tax controversies, without litigation, on a basis that is fair and impartial to both the taxpayer and the Federal Government. The Appeals Office considers cases that involve examination, collection, and penalty issues. Taxpayers who disagree with IRS findings in their cases may request an Appeals hearing. The local Appeals Office is separate and independent of the IRS office that proposed the tax adjustment, collection action, or penalty. During FY 2012, the IRS Appeals Office received 135,061 new cases and closed 144,453 cases, including those received in a prior fiscal year.

 

Table 19. Selected Taxpayer Assistance and Education Programs,

 

by Type of Assistance or Program, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 50.]

 

 

 

 

Table 20. Taxpayer Advocate Service: Postfiling Taxpayer

 

Assistance Program, by Type of Issue and Relief, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 51.]

 

 

 

 

Table 21. Appeals Workload, by Type of Case, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 52.]

 

 

 

 

Tax-Exempt Activities

 

 

The IRS devotes significant resources to meeting the special needs of tax-exempt organizations, employee retirement benefit plans, and Government entities in complying with tax laws. While these entities are not subject to Federal income tax, they nonetheless represent a significant aspect of tax administration. While information on the administration, processing, and examination of returns filed by these entities is provided throughout the IRS Data Book, this section focuses on issues related to governance.

Table 22 summarizes IRS activities, such as issuing technical guidance, to assist tax-exempt entities and facilitate their compliance with Federal tax laws. Table 23 provides information about applications for determination of tax-exempt status for employee retirement plans. Table 24 provides information about applications for tax-exempt status that were closed during Fiscal Year (FY) 2012. Table 25 shows the total number of approved tax-exempt organizations for Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012.

In FY 2012, the IRS closed 60,793 applications for tax-exempt status and other determinations. Of those, the IRS approved tax-exempt status for 52,615 organizations. In FY 2012, the IRS recognized more than 1.6 million tax-exempt organizations and nonexempt charitable trusts.

 

Table 22. Tax-Exempt Guidance and Other Regulatory Activities,

 

Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 54.]

 

 

 

 

Table 23. Determination Letters Issued on Employee Retirement

 

Plans, by Type and Disposition of Plan, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 55.]

 

 

 

 

Table 24. Closures of Applications for Tax-Exempt

 

Status, by Organization Type and Internal Revenue Code

 

Section, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 56.]

 

 

 

 

Table 25. Tax-Exempt Organizations and Nonexempt Charitable

 

Trusts, Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 57.]

 

 

 

 

Chief Counsel

 

 

The IRS Chief Counsel is appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate, and serves as the chief legal advisor to the IRS Commissioner on all matters pertaining to the interpretation, administration, and enforcement of the Internal Revenue Code, as well as all other legal matters. Under the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the Chief Counsel reports to both the IRS Commissioner and the Treasury General Counsel.

Attorneys in the Chief Counsel's Office serve as lawyers for the IRS. They provide the IRS and taxpayers with guidance on interpreting Federal tax laws correctly, represent the IRS in litigation, and provide all other legal support required to carry out the IRS mission.

Tables 26 and 27 provide information for Fiscal Year 2012 about Chief Counsel's workload and case activity in several major categories including criminal tax, international issues, and general legal services. Chief Counsel received 95,929 cases and closed 94,323 cases during the fiscal year. Of the new cases received, and cases closed, the majority related to tax law enforcement and litigation, including Tax Court litigation; collection, bankruptcy, and summons advice and litigation; Appellate Court litigation; criminal tax; and enforcement advice and assistance.

In Fiscal Year 2012, General Counsel received 31,295 Tax Court cases involving a taxpayer contesting an IRS determination that he or she owed additional tax. The total amount of tax and penalty in dispute at the end of the fiscal year was almost $6.6 billion.

 

Table 26. Chief Counsel Workload: All Cases, by Office and

 

Type of Case or Activity, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 59.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 27. Chief Counsel Workload: Tax Litigation Cases,

 

by Type of Case, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in millions of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 61.]

 

 

 

 

IRS Budget and Workforce

 

 

Tables 28 through 31 provide information on the size and composition of the IRS workforce and the resources that the IRS spends to collect taxes and assist taxpayers. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, the IRS collected more than $2.5 trillion, incurring a cost of 48 cents, on average, to collect $100.

IRS's actual expenditures in FY 2012 was less than $12.1 billion, which was used to meet the requirements of its three core operating appropriation budget activities. These core activities include taxpayer services, enforcement, and operations support.

Taxpayer services funding provides processing for tax returns and related documents, and assistance to taxpayers filing returns and paying taxes due. The IRS spent $2.4 billion to provide taxpayer services in FY 2012.

Enforcement funding provided for the examination of tax returns, collection of balances due, and administrative and judicial settlement of taxpayer appeals of examination findings. It also provided resources to strengthen enforcement aimed at reducing invalid claims and erroneous filings associated with the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) program. The IRS spent $5.3 billion in enforcement in FY 2012.

Operations support provides administrative services, policy management, and IRS-wide support. This appropriation also funds staffing, equipment, and related costs used to manage, maintain, and operate critical information systems supporting tax administration. The IRS spent $4.0 billion in operations support in FY 2012.

During the fiscal year, the IRS continued to focus on attracting, retaining, and developing a quality workforce to support workforce management activities that contribute to making the IRS one of the best places to work in the Federal government. In FY 2012, the IRS employed a total workforce of 97,941, including part-time and seasonal employees.

 

Table 28. Costs Incurred by Budget Activity,

 

Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

[Money amounts are in thousands of dollars]

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 63.]

 

 

 

 

Table 29. Collections, Costs, Personnel, and U.S. Population,

 

Fiscal Years 1980 - 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 64.]

 

 

 

 

Table 30. Personnel Summary, by Employment Status, Budget

 

Activity, and Selected Personnel Type, Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 65.]

 

 

 

 

Table 31. Internal Revenue Service Labor Force, Compared to

 

National Totals for Civilian and Federal Labor Forces, by Gender,

 

Race/Ethnicity, and Disability, Fiscal Year 2012

 

 

[Editor's Note: For a larger, searchable version of the table,

 

see Doc 2013-7103 , page 66.]

 

 

 

 

Data Sources, by Subject Area and Table Number

 

 

 

 

Principal Officers of the Internal Revenue Service

 

as of September 30, 2012

 

 

Commissioner

Douglas H. Shulman

Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement

Steven T. Miller

Deputy Commissioner for Operations Support

Beth Tucker

Chief of Staff

Jonathan M. Davis

Deputy Chief of Staff

Nikole C. Flax

Senior Advisor for Compliance Analytics

Dean R. Silverman

Appeals

Chief, Appeals

Christopher Wagner

Deputy Chief, Appeals

Sheldon M. Kay

Taxpayer Advocate Service

National Taxpayer Advocate

Nina E. Olson

Deputy National Taxpayer Advocate

Melissa R. Snell

Executive Director, Systemic Advocacy Systems

Rena C. Girinakis

Executive Director, Case Advocacy

Matthew A. Weir

Equity, Diversity and Inclusion

Executive Director, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion

Monica H. Davy

Deputy Executive Director, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion

Elaine P. Ho

Office of Research, Analysis, and Statistics

Director, Office of Research, Analysis, and Statistics

Rosemary D. Marcuss

Deputy Director, Office of Research, Analysis, and Statistics

Patricia H. McGuire

Director, Data Management Office

William W. Hannon

Director, Office of Program Evaluation and Risk Analysis

Tommy A. Smith

Director, Office of Research

Janice M. Hedemann

Director, Servicewide Policy, Directives, and Electronic Research

Kathryn A. Green

Director, Statistics of Income

M. Susan Boehmer

Communications and Liaison

Chief, Communications and Liaison

Frank Keith

Deputy Chief, Communications and Liaison

Jan S. Deneroff

Director, Office of Legislative Affairs

Catherine M. Barré

Director, Office of Communications

Terry L. Lemons

Director, Office of National Public Liaison

Candice V. Cromling

Small Business/Self-Employed Division

Commissioner, Small Business/Self-Employed

Faris R. Fink

Deputy Commissioner, Small Business/Self-Employed

Ruth Perez

Director, Communications and Stakeholder Outreach

Rob C. Wilkerson

Director, Filed Collections

Bobby L. Hunt

Director, Enterprise Collection Strategy

Michael D. Julianelle

Director, Examination

Shenita L. Hicks

Director, Fraud/BSA

William P. Marshall

Director, Specialty Programs

John H. Imhoff, Jr.

Director, Campus Compliance Services

Denice D. Vaughan

Large Business and International Division

Commissioner, Large Business and International

Heather C. Maloy

Deputy Commissioner (Domestic)

Paul D. DeNard

Deputy Commissioner (International)

Michael Danilack

U.S. Competent Authority

Michael Danilack

Assistant Deputy Commissioner (International)

Douglas W. O'Donnell

Director, Financial Services Industry

Rosemary J. Sereti

Director, Retailers, Food, Transportation and Healthcare Industry

James J. Roosey

Director, Communications, Technology, and Media Industry

Cheryl P. Claybough

Director, Heavy Manufacturing and Pharmaceutical Industry

Laura M. Prendergast

Director, Natural Resources and Construction Industry

Kathy J. Robbins

Director, Global High Wealth Industry

Donna C. Hansberry (Acting)

Director, International Individual Compliance

David W. Horton

Director, International Business Compliance

Sergio E. Arellano

Director, Pre-Filing and Technical Guidance

Sunita B. Lough

Director, Shared Support

Donna C. Hansberry

Director, Transfer Pricing Operations

Samuel M. Maruca

Wage and Investment Division

Commissioner, Wage and Investment

Peggy A. Bogadi

Deputy Commissioner, Operations

Debra S. Holland

Deputy Commissioner, Support

Debra S. Holland

Director, Customer Account Services

Peter J. Stipek

Director, CARE (Customer Assistance, Relationships, and Education)

Julie Garcia

Director, Compliance

James P. Clifford

Director, Return Integrity and Correspondence Services

Jodi L. Patterson

Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division

Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities

Joseph H, Grant (Acting)

Deputy Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities

Moises C. Medina (Acting)

Director, Employee Plans

Robert S. Choi

Director, Exempt Organizations

Lois G. Lerner

Director, Government Entities

Clifford J. Gannett (Acting)

Criminal Investigation

Chief, Criminal Investigation

Richard Weber

Deputy Chief, Criminal Investigation

Patricia J. Haynes (Acting)

Office of Professional Responsibility

Director, Office of Professional Responsibility

Karen L. Hawkins

Deputy Director, Office of Professional Responsibility

Denise S. Fayne

Director, Office of Online Services

Rajive K. Mathur

Return Preparer Office

Director, Return Preparer Office

Carol A. Campbell

Deputy Director, Return Preparer Office

Preston B. Beniot

Office of Chief Financial Officer

Chief Financial Officer

Pamela J. LaRue

Deputy Chief Financial Officer

Gregory E. Kane

Agency-Wide Shared Services

Chief, Agency-Wide Shared Services

David A, Grant

Director, Procurement

Jacob B. Hansen

Director, Real Estate and Facilities Management

Stuart Burns

IRS Information Technology

Chief Technology Officer

Terry V. Milholland

Deputy Chief Information Officer for Operations

Julie A. Rushin

Deputy Chief Information Officer for Strategy/Modernization

James M. McGrane

Associate Chief Information Officer, Applications Development

Kate M. Miller

Associate Chief Information Officer, Modernization Program Management

Gretchen R. McCoy

Associate Chief Information Officer, Enterprise Operations

Lauren Buschor

Associate Chief Information Officer, User and Network Services

Stephen L. Manning

Associate Chief Information Officer, Enterprise Services

Robert N. Crawford

Associate Chief Information Officer, Cybersecurity

David W. Stender

Associate Chief Information Officer, Strategy and Planning

Carl T. Froehlich (Acting)

Associate Chief Information Officer, Affordable Care Act Program

S. Gina Garza

Director, Management Services

Debra L. Nelson

Human Capital Office

Chief Human Capital Officer

David Krieg

Deputy Chief Human Capital Officer

Daniel T. Riordan

Privacy, Governmental Liaison and Disclosure

Director, Privacy, Governmental Liaison, and Disclosure

Rebecca A. Chiaramida

Whistleblower Office

Director, Whistleblower Office

Stephen A. Whitlock

Office of Chief Counsel

Chief Counsel

 

William J. Wilkins

 

 

Deputy Chief Counsel

 

(Operations)

 

Christopher B. Sterner

 

 

Deputy Chief Counsel

 

(Technical)

 

Erik H. Corwin

 

 

Health Care Counsel

 

Catherine E. Livingston

 

 

Special Counsel

 

(National Taxpayer Advocate Service)

 

Judith M. Wall

 

 

Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Criminal Tax)

 

Edward F. Cronin

 

 

Division Counsel

 

(Large Business and International)

 

Linda M. Kroening

 

 

Division Counsel

 

(Small Business/Self-Employed)

 

Thomas R. Thomas

 

 

Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Tax Exempt and Government Entities)

 

Victoria A. Judson

 

 

Division Counsel

 

(Wage and Investment)

 

Joanne B. Minsky

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Corporate)

 

William D. Alexander

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Finance and Management)

 

Dennis M. Ferrara

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Financial Institutions and Products)

 

Stephen R. Larson

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(General Legal Services)

 

Mark S. Kaizen

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Income Tax and Accounting)

 

Andrew J. Keyso, Jr.

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(International)

 

Steven A. Musher

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Passthroughs and Special Industries)

 

Curtis G. Wilson

 

 

Associate Chief Counsel

 

(Procedure and Administration)

 

Deborah A. Butler

 

Commissioners of Internal Revenue

 

 

Office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue Created

 

by Act of Congress, July 1, 1862

 

 

George S. Boutwell

 

Massachusetts

 

July 17, 1862 to March 4, 1863

 

 

Joseph J. Lewis

 

(Acting)

 

Pennsylvania

 

Mar. 5, 1863 to Mar. 17, 1863

 

 

Joseph J. Lewis

 

Pennsylvania

 

March 18, 1863 to June 30, 1865

 

 

William Orton

 

New York

 

July 1, 1865 to Oct. 31, 1865

 

 

Edward A. Rollins

 

New Hampshire

 

Nov. 1, 1865 to Mar. 10, 1869

 

 

Columbus Delano

 

Ohio

 

March 11, 1869 to Oct. 31, 1870

 

 

John W. Douglass

 

(Acting)

 

Pennsylvania

 

Nov. 1, 1870 to Jan. 2, 1871

 

 

Alfred Pleasonton

 

New York

 

Jan. 3, 1871 to Aug. 8, 1871

 

 

John W. Douglass

 

Pennsylvania

 

Aug. 9, 1871 to May 14, 1875

 

 

Daniel D. Pratt

 

Indiana

 

May 15, 1875 to Aug. 1, 1876

 

 

Green B. Raum

 

Illinois

 

Aug. 2, 1876 to April 30, 1883

 

 

Henry C. Rogers

 

(Acting)

 

Pennsylvania

 

May 1, 1883 to May 10, 1883

 

 

John J. Knox

 

(Acting)

 

Minnesota

 

May 11, 1883 to May 20, 1883

 

 

Walter Evans

 

Kentucky

 

May 21, 1883 to March 19, 1885

 

 

Joseph S. Miller

 

West Virginia

 

March 20, 1885 to March 20, 1889

 

 

John W. Mason

 

West Virginia

 

March 21, 1889 to April 18, 1893

 

 

Joseph S. Miller

 

West Virginia

 

April 19, 1893 to Nov. 26, 1896

 

 

W. St. John Forman

 

Illinois

 

Nov. 27, 1896 to Dec. 31, 1897

 

 

Nathan B. Scott

 

West Virginia

 

Jan. 1, 1898 to Feb. 28, 1899

 

 

George W. Wilson

 

Ohio

 

Mar. 1, 1899 to Nov. 27, 1900

 

 

Robert Williams, Jr.

 

(Acting)

 

Ohio

 

Nov. 28, 1900 to Dec. 19, 1900

 

 

John W. Yerkes

 

Kentucky

 

Dec. 20, 1900 to April 30, 1907

 

 

Henry C. Rogers

 

(Acting)

 

Pennsylvania

 

May 1, 1907 to June 4, 1907

 

 

John G. Capers

 

South Carolina

 

June 5, 1907 to Aug. 31, 1909

 

 

Royal E. Cabell

 

Virginia

 

Sept. 1, 1909 to April 27, 1913

 

 

William H. Osborn

 

North Carolina

 

April 28, 1913 to Sept. 25, 1917

 

 

Daniel C. Roper

 

South Carolina

 

Sept. 26, 1917 to Mar. 31, 1920

 

 

William M. Williams

 

Alabama

 

April 1, 1920 to April 11, 1921

 

 

Millard F. West

 

(Acting)

 

Kentucky

 

April 12, 1921 to May 26, 1921

 

 

David H. Blair

 

North Carolina

 

May 27, 1921 to May 31, 1929

 

 

Robert H. Lucas

 

Kentucky

 

June 1, 1929 to Aug. 15, 1930

 

 

H. F. Mires

 

(Acting)

 

Washington

 

Aug. 16, 1930 to Aug. 19, 1930

 

 

David Burnet

 

Ohio

 

Aug. 20, 1930 to May 15, 1933

 

 

Pressly R. Baldridge

 

(Acting)

 

Iowa

 

May 16, 1933 to June 5, 1933

 

 

Guy T. Helvering

 

Kansas

 

June 6, 1933 to Oct. 8, 1943

 

 

Robert E. Hannegan

 

Missouri

 

Oct. 9, 1943 to Jan. 22, 1944

 

 

Harold N. Graves

 

(Acting)

 

Illinois

 

Jan. 23, 1944 to Feb. 29, 1944

 

 

Joseph D. Nunan, Jr.

 

New York

 

March 1, 1944 to June 30, 1947

 

 

George J. Schoeneman

 

Rhode Island

 

July 1, 1947 to July 31, 1951

 

 

John B. Dunlap

 

Texas

 

Aug. 1, 1951 to Nov. 18, 1952

 

 

John S. Graham

 

(Acting)

 

North Carolina

 

Nov. 19, 1952 to Jan. 19, 1953

 

 

Justin F. Winkle

 

(Acting)

 

New York

 

Jan. 20, 1953 to Feb. 3, 1953

 

 

T. Coleman Andrews

 

Virginia

 

Feb. 4, 1953 to Oct. 31, 1955

 

 

O. Gordon Delk

 

(Acting)

 

Virginia

 

Nov. 1, 1955 to Dec. 4, 1955

 

 

Russell C. Harrington

 

Rhode Island

 

Dec. 5, 1955 to Sept. 30, 1958

 

 

O. Gordon Delk

 

(Acting)

 

Virginia

 

Oct. 1, 1958 to Nov. 4, 1958

 

 

Dana Latham

 

California

 

Nov. 5, 1958 to Jan. 20, 1961

 

 

Charles I. Fox

 

(Acting)

 

Utah

 

Jan. 21, 1961 to Feb. 6, 1961

 

 

Mortimer M. Caplin

 

Virginia

 

Feb. 7, 1961 to July 10, 1964

 

 

Bertrand M. Harding

 

(Acting)

 

Texas

 

July 11, 1964 to Jan. 24, 1965

 

 

Sheldon S. Cohen

 

Maryland

 

Jan. 25, 1965 to Jan. 20, 1969

 

 

William H. Smith

 

(Acting)

 

Virginia

 

Jan. 21, 1969 to Mar. 31, 1969

 

 

Randolph W. Thrower

 

Georgia

 

April 1, 1969 to June 22, 1971

 

 

Harold T. Swartz

 

(Acting)

 

Indiana

 

June 23, 1971 to Aug. 5, 1971

 

 

Johnnie M. Walters

 

South Carolina

 

Aug. 6, 1971 to April 30, 1973

 

 

Raymond F. Harless

 

(Acting)

 

California

 

May 1, 1973 to May 25, 1973

 

 

Donald C. Alexander

 

Ohio

 

May 26, 1973 to Feb. 26, 1977

 

 

William E. Williams

 

(Acting)

 

Illinois

 

Feb. 27, 1977 to May 4, 1977

 

 

Jerome Kurtz

 

Pennsylvania

 

May 5, 1977 to Oct. 31, 1980

 

 

William E. Williams

 

(Acting)

 

Illinois

 

Nov. 1, 1980 to March 13, 1981

 

 

Roscoe L. Egger, Jr.

 

Indiana

 

March 14, 1981 to April 30, 1986

 

 

James I. Owens

 

(Acting)

 

Alabama

 

May 1, 1986 to Aug. 3, 1986

 

 

Lawrence B. Gibbs

 

Texas

 

Aug. 4, 1986 to March 4, 1989

 

 

Michael J. Murphy

 

(Acting)

 

Wisconsin

 

March 5, 1989 to July 4, 1989

 

 

Fred Goldberg, Jr.

 

Missouri

 

July 5, 1989 to Feb. 2, 1992

 

 

Shirley D. Peterson

 

Colorado

 

Feb. 3, 1992 to Jan. 20, 1993

 

 

Michael P. Dolan

 

(Acting)

 

Iowa

 

Jan. 21, 1993 to May 26, 1993

 

 

Margaret Milner Richardson

 

Texas

 

May 27, 1993 to May 31, 1997

 

 

Michael P. Dolan

 

(Acting)

 

Iowa

 

June 1, 1997 to Nov. 12, 1997

 

 

Charles O. Rossotti

 

New York

 

Nov. 13, 1997 to Nov. 6, 2002

 

 

Bob Wenzel

 

(Acting)

 

Illinois

 

Nov. 7, 2002 to April 30, 2003

 

 

Mark W. Everson

 

New York

 

May 1, 2003 to May 28, 2007

 

 

Kevin M. Brown

 

(Acting)

 

Virginia

 

May 29, 2007 to Sept. 8, 2007

 

 

Linda E. Stiff

 

(Acting)

 

Germany

 

Sept. 9, 2007 to Mar. 23, 2008

 

 

Douglas H. Shulman

 

Ohio

 

March 24, 2008 to Nov. 9, 2012

 

 

Steven T. Miller

 

(Acting) Ohio

 

Nov. 10, 2012 to present

 

Chief Counsels for the Internal Revenue Service

 

 

           Walter H. Smith                             1866

 

           William McMichael                           1871

 

           Charles Chesley                             1871

 

           Thomas J. Smith                             1888

 

           Alphonso Hart                               1890

 

           Robert T. Hough                             1893

 

           George M. Thomas                            1897

 

           Albert W. Wishard                           1901

 

           A.B. Hayes                                  1903

 

           Fletcher Maddox                             1908

 

           Ellis C. Johnson                            1913

 

           A.A. Ballantine                             1918

 

           D.M. Kelleher                               1919

 

           Robert N. Miller                            1919

 

           Wayne Johnson                               1920

 

           Carl A. Mapes                               1920

 

           Nelson T. Hartson                           1923

 

           Alexander W. Gregg                          1925

 

           Clarance M. Charest                         1927

 

           E. Barrett Prettyman                        1933

 

           Robert H. Jackson                           1934

 

           Morrison Shaforth                           1936

 

           John P. Wenchel                             1937

 

           Charles Oliphant                            1947

 

           Charles W. Davis                            1952

 

           Daniel A. Taylor                            1953

 

           John Potts Barnes                           1955

 

           Nelson P. Rose                              1957

 

           Arch M. Cantrall                            1958

 

           Hart H. Spiegel                             1959

 

           Crane C. Hauser                             1961

 

           Sheldon S. Cohen                            1964

 

           Mitchell Rogovin                            1965

 

           Lester R. Uretz                             1966

 

           K. Martin Worthy                            1969

 

           Lee H. Henkel, Jr.                          1972

 

           Meade Whitaker                              1973

 

           Stuart E. Seigel                            1977

 

           N. Jerold Cohen                             1979

 

           Kenneth W. Gideon                           1981

 

           Fred Goldberg, Jr.                          1984

 

           William F. Nelson                           1986

 

           Abraham N. M. Shashy, Jr.                   1990

 

           Stuart L. Brown                             1994

 

           B. John Williams, Jr.                       2002

 

           Donald L. Korb                              2004

 

           William J. Wilkins                          2009

 

 

The following were Acting Chief Counsel during periods when there was no Chief Counsel holding the office:

John W. Burrus

 

March 2, 1936 to Nov. 30, 1936

 

 

Mason B. Leming

 

Dec. 6, 1951 to May 15, 1952

 

 

Kenneth W. Gemmill

 

June 11, 1953 to Nov. 8, 1953

 

 

Rudy P. Hertzog

 

Dec. 1, 1954 to May 8, 1955

 

Jan. 20, 1961 to Aug. 16, 1961

 

Sept. 1, 1963 to Jan. 5, 1964

 

 

Herman T. Reiling

 

Jan. 19, 1957 to March 13, 1957

 

Aug. 31, 1959 to Sept. 20, 1959

 

 

Richard M. Hahn

 

Jan. 20, 1969 to June 25, 1969

 

 

Lee H. Henkel, Jr.

 

Jan. 16, 1972 to June 11, 1972

 

 

Lawrence B. Gibbs

 

April 17, 1973 to Oct. 19, 1973

 

 

Charles L. Saunders, Jr.

 

Jan. 20, 1977 to April 15, 1977

 

 

Leon G. Wigrizer

 

April 16, 1977 to June 23, 1977

 

 

Lester Stein

 

June 1, 1979 to Nov. 16, 1979

 

 

Jerome D. Sebastian

 

Jan. 21, 1981 to Feb. 2, 1981

 

March 30, 1981 to Aug. 14, 1981

 

 

Emory L. Langdon

 

Feb. 3, 1981 to March 29, 1981

 

 

Joel Gerber

 

May 28, 1983 to March 17, 1984

 

 

V. Jean Owens

 

March 14, 1986 to July 27, 1986

 

 

Peter K. Scott

 

Nov. 1, 1988 to Feb. 6, 1990

 

 

David L. Jordan

 

Jan. 20, 1993 to Oct. 4, 1994

 

 

Richard Skillman

 

Jan. 20, 2001 to Feb. 6, 2002

 

 

Emily A. Parker

 

Aug. 1, 2003 to April 14, 2004

 

 

Clarissa C. Potter

 

Dec. 19, 2008 to July 24, 2009

 

 

NOTE: From 1866 to 1926, the chief legal officer for the Bureau of Internal Revenue was known as the Solicitor. For the next eight years, 1926 to 1934, the chief legal officer had the title of General Counsel. Since 1934, the chief legal officer has operated under the title of Chief Counsel, now for the Internal Revenue Service.

 

Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2012

 

 

 

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