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IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-206)

JUL. 22, 1998

IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-206)

DATED JUL. 22, 1998
DOCUMENT ATTRIBUTES

 

H.R. 2676, Enrolled Bill

 

 

H.R.2676

 

 

One Hundred Fifth Congress

 

of the

 

United States of America

 

 

AT THE SECOND SESSION

 

 

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday,

 

the twenty-seventh day of January, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight

 

 

An Act

 

 

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to restructure and reform the

 

Internal Revenue Service, and for other purposes.

 

 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

 

 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE; WAIVER OF ESTIMATED TAX PENALTIES; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

 

(a) SHORT TITLE.--This Act may be cited as the 'Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998'.

(b) AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(c) WAIVER OF ESTIMATED TAX PENALTIES.--No addition to tax shall be made under section 6654 or 6655 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to any underpayment of an installment required to be paid on or before the 30th day after the date of the enactment of this Act to the extent such underpayment was created or increased by any provision of this Act.

(d) TABLE OF CONTENTS.--The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

 

Subtitle A--Reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service Subtitle B--Executive Branch Governance and Senior Management Subtitle C--Personnel Flexibilities
TITLE II--ELECTRONIC FILING

 

 

 

Sec. 3000. Short title.
Subtitle A--Burden of Proof
Sec. 3001. Burden of proof.
Subtitle B--Proceedings by Taxpayers Subtitle C--Relief for Innocent Spouses and for Taxpayers Unable To Manage Their Financial Affairs Due to Disabilities Subtitle D--Provisions Relating to Interest and Penalties Subtitle E--Protections for Taxpayers Subject to Audit or Collection Activities

 

Part I--Due Process

 

Part II--Examination Activities

 

Part III--Collection Activities

SUBPART A--APPROVAL PROCESS

 

SUBPART B--LIENS AND LEVIES

 

SUBPART C--SEIZURES

 

Part IV--Provisions Relating to Examination and Collection Activities
Subtitle F--Disclosures to Taxpayers Subtitle G--Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics Subtitle H--Other Matters Subtitle I--Studies

 

Subtitle A--Oversight Subtitle B--Century Date Change Subtitle C--Tax Law Complexity

 

 

TITLE VII--REVENUE PROVISIONS

 

 

 

 

TITLE I--REORGANIZATION OF STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE

 

 

Subtitle A--Reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service

 

 

SEC. 1001. REORGANIZATION OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall develop and implement a plan to reorganize the Internal Revenue Service. The plan shall--

 

(1) supersede any organization or reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service based on any statute or reorganization plan applicable on the effective date of this section;

(2) eliminate or substantially modify the existing organization of the Internal Revenue Service which is based on a national, regional, and district structure;

(3) establish organizational units serving particular groups of taxpayers with similar needs; and

(4) ensure an independent appeals function within the Internal Revenue Service, including the prohibition in the plan of ex parte communications between appeals officers and other Internal Revenue Service employees to the extent that such communications appear to compromise the independence of the appeals officers.

 

(b) SAVINGS PROVISIONS.--

 

(1) PRESERVATION OF SPECIFIC TAX RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.--Nothing in the plan developed and implemented under subsection (a) shall be considered to impair any right or remedy, including trial by jury, to recover any internal revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority, or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal revenue laws. For the purpose of any action to recover any such tax, penalty, or sum, all statutes, rules, and regulations referring to the collector of internal revenue, the principal officer for the internal revenue district, or the Secretary, shall be deemed to refer to the officer whose act or acts referred to in the preceding sentence gave rise to such action. The venue of any such action shall be the same as under existing law.

(2) CONTINUING EFFECT OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS.--All orders, determinations, rules, regulations, permits, agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, licenses, registrations, privileges, and other administrative actions--

 

(A) which have been issued, made, granted, or allowed to become effective by the President, any Federal agency or official thereof, or by a court of competent jurisdiction, in the performance of any function transferred or affected by the reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service or any other administrative unit of the Department of the Treasury under this section; and

(B) which are in effect at the time this section takes effect, or were final before the effective date of this section and are to become effective on or after the effective date of this section, shall continue in effect according to their terms until modified, terminated, superseded, set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by the President, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, or other authorized official, a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law.

 

(3) PROCEEDINGS NOT AFFECTED.--The provisions of this section shall not affect any proceedings, including notices of proposed rulemaking, or any application for any license, permit, certificate, or financial assistance pending before the Department of the Treasury (or any administrative unit of the Department, including the Internal Revenue Service) at the time this section takes effect, with respect to functions transferred or affected by the reorganization under this section but such proceedings and applications shall continue. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings, appeals shall be taken therefrom, and payments shall be made pursuant to such orders, as if this section had not been enacted, and orders issued in any such proceedings shall continue in effect until modified, terminated, superseded, or revoked by a duly authorized official, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law. Nothing in this paragraph shall be deemed to prohibit the discontinuance or modification of any such proceeding under the same terms and conditions and to the same extent that such proceeding could have been discontinued or modified if this section had not been enacted.

(4) SUITS NOT AFFECTED.--The provisions of this section shall not affect suits commenced before the effective date of this section, and in all such suits, proceedings shall be had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered in the same manner and with the same effect as if this section had not been enacted.

(5) NONABATEMENT OF ACTIONS.--No suit, action, or other proceeding commenced by or against the Department of the Treasury (or any administrative unit of the Department, including the Internal Revenue Service), or by or against any individual in the official capacity of such individual as an officer of the Department of the Treasury, shall abate by reason of the enactment of this section.

(6) ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS RELATING TO PROMULGATION OF REGULATIONS.--Any administrative action relating to the preparation or promulgation of a regulation by the Department of the Treasury (or any administrative unit of the Department, including the Internal Revenue Service) relating to a function transferred or affected by the reorganization under this section may be continued by the Department of the Treasury through any appropriate administrative unit of the Department, including the Internal Revenue Service with the same effect as if this section had not been enacted.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--This section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 1002. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE MISSION TO FOCUS ON TAXPAYERS' NEEDS.

The Internal Revenue Service shall review and restate its mission to place a greater emphasis on serving the public and meeting taxpayers' needs.

 

Subtitle B--Executive Branch Governance and Senior Management

 

 

SEC. 1101. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7802 (relating to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue) is amended to read as follows:

 

'SEC. 7802. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD.

 

'(a) ESTABLISHMENT.--There is established within the Department of the Treasury the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the 'Oversight Board').

'(b) MEMBERSHIP.--

 

'(1) COMPOSITION.--The Oversight Board shall be composed of nine members, as follows:

 

'(A) six members shall be individuals who are not otherwise Federal officers or employees and who are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

'(B) one member shall be the Secretary of the Treasury or, if the Secretary so designates, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

'(C) one member shall be the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

'(D) one member shall be an individual who is a full-time Federal employee or a representative of employees and who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

 

'(2) QUALIFICATIONS AND TERMS.--

 

'(A) QUALIFICATIONS.--Members of the Oversight Board described in paragraph (1)(A) shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of their professional experience and expertise in one or more of the following areas:

 

'(i) Management of large service organizations.

'(ii) Customer service.

'(iii) Federal tax laws, including tax administration and compliance.

'(iv) Information technology.

'(v) Organization development.

'(vi) The needs and concerns of taxpayers.

'(vii) The needs and concerns of small businesses. In the aggregate, the members of the Oversight Board described in paragraph (1)(A) should collectively bring to bear expertise in all of the areas described in the preceding sentence.

 

'(B) TERMS.--Each member who is described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) shall be appointed for a term of 5 years, except that of the members first appointed under paragraph (1)(A)--

 

'(i) two members shall be appointed for a term of 3 years,

'(ii) two members shall be appointed for a term of 4 years; and

'(iii) two members shall be appointed for a term of 5 years.

 

'(C) REAPPOINTMENT.--An individual who is described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) may be appointed to no more than two 5-year terms on the Oversight Board.

'(D) VACANCY.--Any vacancy on the Oversight Board shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of that term.

 

'(3) ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS.--

 

'(A) FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.--During the entire period that an individual appointed under subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) is a member of the Oversight Board, such individual shall be treated as serving as an officer or employee referred to in section 101(f) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 for purposes of title I of such Act, except that section 101(d) of such Act shall apply without regard to the number of days of service in the position.

'(B) RESTRICTIONS ON POST-EMPLOYMENT.--For purposes of section 207(c) of title 18, United States Code, an individual appointed under subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) shall be treated as an employee referred to in section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of such title during the entire period the individual is a member of the Board, except that subsections (c)(2)(B) and (f) of section 207 of such title shall not apply.

'(C) MEMBERS WHO ARE SPECIAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.--If an individual appointed under subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) is a special Government employee, the following additional rules apply for purposes of chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code:

 

'(i) RESTRICTION ON REPRESENTATION.--In addition to any restriction under section 205(c) of title 18, United States Code, except as provided in subsections (d) through (i) of section 205 of such title, such individual (except in the proper discharge of official duties) shall not, with or without compensation, represent anyone to or before any officer or employee of--

 

'(I) the Oversight Board or the Internal Revenue Service on any matter;

'(II) the Department of the Treasury on any matter involving the internal revenue laws or involving the management or operations of the Internal Revenue Service; or

'(III) the Department of Justice with respect to litigation involving a matter described in subclause (I) or (II).

 

'(ii) COMPENSATION FOR SERVICES PROVIDED BY ANOTHER.--For purposes of section 203 of such title--

 

'(I) such individual shall not be subject to the restrictions of subsection (a)(1) thereof for sharing in compensation earned by another for representations on matters covered by such section, and

'(II) a person shall not be subject to the restrictions of subsection (a)(2) thereof for sharing such compensation with such individual.

'(D) WAIVER..--The President may, only at the time the President nominates the member of the Oversight Board described in paragraph (1)(D), waive for the term of the member any appropriate provision of chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, to the extent such waiver is necessary to allow such member to participate in the decisions of the Board while continuing to serve as a full-time Federal employee or a representative of employees. Any such waiver shall not be effective unless a written intent of waiver to exempt such member (and actual waiver language) is submitted to the Senate with the nomination of such member.

 

'(4) QUORUM.--Five members of the Oversight Board shall constitute a quorum. A majority of members present and voting shall be required for the Oversight Board to take action.

'(5) REMOVAL.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Any member of the Oversight Board appointed under subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) may be removed at the will of the President.

'(B) SECRETARY AND COMMISSIONER.--An individual described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be removed upon termination of service in the office described in such subparagraph.

 

'(6) CLAIMS.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Members of the Oversight Board who are described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) shall have no personal liability under Federal law with respect to any claim arising out of or resulting from an act or omission by such member within the scope of service as a member.

'(B) EFFECT ON OTHER LAW.--This paragraph shall not be construed--

 

'(i) to affect any other immunities and protections that may be available to such member under applicable law with respect to such transactions;

'(ii) to affect any other right or remedy against the United States under applicable law; or

'(iii) to limit or alter in any way the immunities that are available under applicable law for Federal officers and employees.

'(c) GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES.--

 

'(1) OVERSIGHT.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The Oversight Board shall oversee the Internal Revenue Service in its administration, management, conduct, direction, and supervision of the execution and application of the internal revenue laws or related statutes and tax conventions to which the United States is a party.

'(B) MISSION OF IRS.--As part of its oversight functions described in subparagraph (A), the Oversight Board shall ensure that the organization and operation of the Internal Revenue Service allows it to carry out its mission.

'(C) CONFIDENTIALITY.--The Oversight Board shall ensure that appropriate confidentiality is maintained in the exercise of its duties.

 

'(2) EXCEPTIONS.--The Oversight Board shall have no responsibilities or authority with respect to--

 

'(A) the development and formulation of Federal tax policy relating to existing or proposed internal revenue laws, related statutes, and tax conventions,

'(B) specific law enforcement activities of the Internal Revenue Service, including specific compliance activities such as examinations, collection activities, and criminal investigations,

'(C) specific procurement activities of the Internal Revenue Service, or

'(D) except as provided in subsection (d)(3), specific personnel actions.

'(d) SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES.--The Oversight Board shall have the following specific responsibilities:

 

'(1) STRATEGIC PLANS.--To review and approve strategic plans of the Internal Revenue Service, including the establishment of--

 

'(A) mission and objectives, and standards of performance relative to either, and

'(B) annual and long-range strategic plans.

 

'(2) OPERATIONAL PLANS.--To review the operational functions of the Internal Revenue Service, including--

 

'(A) plans for modernization of the tax system,

'(B) plans for outsourcing or managed competition, and

'(C) plans for training and education.

 

'(3) MANAGEMENT.--To--

 

'(A) recommend to the President candidates for appointment as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and recommend to the President the removal of the Commissioner;

'(B) review the Commissioner's selection, evaluation, and compensation of Internal Revenue Service senior executives who have program management responsibility over significant functions of the Internal Revenue Service; and

'(C) review and approve the Commissioner's plans for any major reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service.

 

'(4) BUDGET.--To--

 

'(A) review and approve the budget request of the Internal Revenue Service prepared by the Commissioner;

'(B) submit such budget request to the Secretary of the Treasury; and

'(C) ensure that the budget request supports the annual and long-range strategic plans.

 

'(5) TAXPAYER PROTECTION.--To ensure the proper treatment of taxpayers by the employees of the Internal Revenue Service.

 

The Secretary shall submit the budget request referred to in paragraph (4)(B) for any fiscal year to the President who shall submit such request, without revision, to Congress together with the President's annual budget request for the Internal Revenue Service for such fiscal year.

'(e) BOARD PERSONNEL MATTERS.--

 

'(1) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Each member of the Oversight Board who--

 

'(i) is described in subsection (b)(1)(A); or

'(ii) is described in subsection (b)(1)(D) and is not otherwise a Federal officer or employee, shall be compensated at a rate of $30,000 per year. All other members shall serve without compensation for such service.

 

'(B) CHAIRPERSON.--In lieu of the amount specified in subparagraph (A), the Chairperson of the Oversight Board shall be compensated at a rate of $50,000 per year.

 

'(2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The members of the Oversight Board shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, to attend meetings of the Oversight Board and, with the advance approval of the Chairperson of the Oversight Board, while otherwise away from their homes or regular places of business for purposes of duties as a member of the Oversight Board.

'(B) REPORT.--The Oversight Board shall include in its annual report under subsection (f)(3)(A) information with respect to the travel expenses allowed for members of the Oversight Board under this paragraph.

 

'(3) STAFF.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The Chairperson of the Oversight Board may appoint and terminate any personnel that may be necessary to enable the Board to perform its duties.

'(B) DETAIL OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.--Upon request of the Chairperson of the Oversight Board, a Federal agency shall detail a Federal Government employee to the Oversight Board without reimbursement. Such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.

 

'(4) PROCUREMENT OF TEMPORARY AND INTERMITTENT SERVICES.--The Chairperson of the Oversight Board may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code.

 

'(f) ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS.--

 

'(1) CHAIR.--

 

'(A) TERM.--The members of the Oversight Board shall elect for a 2-year term a chairperson from among the members appointed under subsection (b)(1)(A).

'(B) POWERS.--Except as otherwise provided by a majority vote of the Oversight Board, the powers of the Chairperson shall include--

 

'(i) establishing committees;

'(ii) setting meeting places and times;

'(iii) establishing meeting agendas; and

'(iv) developing rules for the conduct of business.

'(2) MEETINGS.--The Oversight Board shall meet at least quarterly and at such other times as the Chairperson determines appropriate.

'(3) REPORTS.--

 

'(A) ANNUAL.--The Oversight Board shall each year report with respect to the conduct of its responsibilities under this title to the President, the Committees on Ways and Means, Government Reform and Oversight, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Finance, Governmental Affairs, and Appropriations of the Senate.

'(B) ADDITIONAL REPORT.--Upon a determination by the Oversight Board under subsection (c)(1)(B) that the organization and operation of the Internal Revenue Service are not allowing it to carry out its mission, the Oversight Board shall report such determination to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate.'.

(b) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO OVERSIGHT BOARD MEMBERS.--Section 6103(h) (relating to disclosure to certain Federal officers and employees for purposes of tax administration, etc.) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(5) INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), and except as provided in subparagraph (B), no return or return information may be disclosed to any member of the Oversight Board described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of section 7802(b)(1) or to any employee or detailee of such Board by reason of their service with the Board. Any request for information not permitted to be disclosed under the preceding sentence, and any contact relating to a specific taxpayer, made by any such individual to an officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall be reported by such officer or employee to the Secretary, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, and the Joint Committee on Taxation.

'(B) EXCEPTION FOR REPORTS TO THE BOARD.--If--

 

'(i) the Commissioner or the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration prepares any report or other matter for the Oversight Board in order to assist the Board in carrying out its duties; and

'(ii) the Commissioner or such Inspector General determines it is necessary to include any return or return information in such report or other matter to enable the Board to carry out such duties, such return or return information (other than information regarding taxpayer identity) may be disclosed to members, employees, or detailees of the Board solely for the purpose of carrying out such duties.'.

(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Section 4946(c) (relating to definitions and special rules for chapter 42) is amended by striking 'or' at the end of paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (6) and inserting ', or', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(7) a member of the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.'.

(2) The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 80 is amended by striking the item relating to section 7802 and inserting the following new item:

'Sec. 7802. Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) INITIAL NOMINATIONS TO INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD.--The President shall submit the initial nominations under section 7802 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section, to the Senate not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(3) EFFECT ON ACTIONS PRIOR TO APPOINTMENT OF OVERSIGHT BOARD.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate the actions and authority of the Internal Revenue Service prior to the appointment of the members of the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.

SEC. 1102. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE; OTHER OFFICIALS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7803 (relating to other personnel) is amended to read as follows:

 

'SEC. 7803. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE; OTHER OFFICIALS.

 

'(a) COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE.--

 

'(1) APPOINTMENT.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--There shall be in the Department of the Treasury a Commissioner of Internal Revenue who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to a 5-year term. Such appointment shall be made from individuals who, among other qualifications, have a demonstrated ability in management.

'(B) VACANCY.--Any individual appointed to fill a vacancy in the position of Commissioner occurring before the expiration of the term for which such individual's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term.

'(C) REMOVAL.--The Commissioner may be removed at the will of the President.

'(D) REAPPOINTMENT.--The Commissioner may be appointed to more than one 5-year term.

 

'(2) DUTIES.--The Commissioner shall have such duties and powers as the Secretary may prescribe, including the power to--

 

'(A) administer, manage, conduct, direct, and supervise the execution and application of the internal revenue laws or related statutes and tax conventions to which the United States is a party; and

'(B) recommend to the President a candidate for appointment as Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service when a vacancy occurs, and recommend to the President the removal of such Chief Counsel.

 

If the Secretary determines not to delegate a power specified in subparagraph (A) or (B), such determination may not take effect until 30 days after the Secretary notifies the Committees on Ways and Means, Government Reform and Oversight, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Finance, Governmental Affairs, and Appropriations of the Senate.

'(3) CONSULTATION WITH BOARD.--The Commissioner shall consult with the Oversight Board on all matters set forth in paragraphs (2) and (3) (other than paragraph (3)(A)) of section 7802(d).

 

'(b) CHIEF COUNSEL FOR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.--

 

'(1) APPOINTMENT.--There shall be in the Department of the Treasury a Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the consent of the Senate.

'(2) DUTIES.--The Chief Counsel shall be the chief law officer for the Internal Revenue Service and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Secretary, including the duty--

 

'(A) to be legal advisor to the Commissioner and the Commissioner's officers and employees;

'(B) to furnish legal opinions for the preparation and review of rulings and memoranda of technical advice;

'(C) to prepare, review, and assist in the preparation of proposed legislation, treaties, regulations, and Executive orders relating to laws which affect the Internal Revenue Service;

'(D) to represent the Commissioner in cases before the Tax Court; and

'(E) to determine which civil actions should be litigated under the laws relating to the Internal Revenue Service and prepare recommendations for the Department of Justice regarding the commencement of such actions.

 

If the Secretary determines not to delegate a power specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E), such determination may not take effect until 30 days after the Secretary notifies the Committees on Ways and Means, Government Reform and Oversight, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Finance, Governmental Affairs, and Appropriations of the Senate.

'(3) PERSONS TO WHOM CHIEF COUNSEL REPORTS.--The Chief Counsel shall report directly to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, except that--

 

'(A) the Chief Counsel shall report to both the Commissioner and the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury with respect to--

 

'(i) legal advice or interpretation of the tax law not relating solely to tax policy;

'(ii) tax litigation; and

 

'(B) the Chief Counsel shall report to the General Counsel with respect to legal advice or interpretation of the tax law relating solely to tax policy.

 

If there is any disagreement between the Commissioner and the General Counsel with respect to any matter jointly referred to them under subparagraph (A), such matter shall be submitted to the Secretary or Deputy Secretary for resolution.

'(4) CHIEF COUNSEL PERSONNEL.--All personnel in the Office of Chief Counsel shall report to the Chief Counsel.

 

'(c) OFFICE OF THE TAXPAYER ADVOCATE.--

 

'(1) ESTABLISHMENT.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--There is established in the Internal Revenue Service an office to be known as the 'Office of the Taxpayer Advocate'.

'(B) NATIONAL TAXPAYER ADVOCATE.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--The Office of the Taxpayer Advocate shall be under the supervision and direction of an official to be known as the 'National Taxpayer Advocate'. The National Taxpayer Advocate shall report directly to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and shall be entitled to compensation at the same rate as the highest rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under section 5382 of title 5, United States Code, or, if the Secretary of the Treasury so determines, at a rate fixed under section 9503 of such title.

'(ii) APPOINTMENT.--The National Taxpayer Advocate shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury after consultation with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and the Oversight Board and without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, relating to appointments in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service.

'(iii) QUALIFICATIONS.--An individual appointed under clause (ii) shall have--

 

'(I) a background in customer service as well as tax law; and

'(II) experience in representing individual taxpayers.

 

'(iv) RESTRICTION ON EMPLOYMENT.--An individual may be appointed as the National Taxpayer Advocate only if such individual was not an officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service during the 2-year period ending with such appointment and such individual agrees not to accept any employment with the Internal Revenue Service for at least 5 years after ceasing to be the National Taxpayer Advocate. Service as an officer or employee of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate shall not be taken into account in applying this clause.
'(2) FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--It shall be the function of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate to--

 

'(i) assist taxpayers in resolving problems with the Internal Revenue Service;

'(ii) identify areas in which taxpayers have problems in dealings with the Internal Revenue Service;

'(iii) to the extent possible, propose changes in the administrative practices of the Internal Revenue Service to mitigate problems identified under clause (ii); and

'(iv) identify potential legislative changes which may be appropriate to mitigate such problems.

 

'(B) ANNUAL REPORTS.--

 

'(i) OBJECTIVES.--Not later than June 30 of each calendar year, the National Taxpayer Advocate shall report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate on the objectives of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate for the fiscal year beginning in such calendar year. Any such report shall contain full and substantive analysis, in addition to statistical information.

'(ii) ACTIVITIES.--Not later than December 31 of each calendar year, the National Taxpayer Advocate shall report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate on the activities of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate during the fiscal year ending during such calendar year. Any such report shall contain full and substantive analysis, in addition to statistical information, and shall--

 

'(I) identify the initiatives the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate has taken on improving taxpayer services and Internal Revenue Service responsiveness;

'(II) contain recommendations received from individuals with the authority to issue Taxpayer Assistance Orders under section 7811;

'(III) contain a summary of at least 20 of the most serious problems encountered by taxpayers, including a description of the nature of such problems;

'(IV) contain an inventory of the items described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) for which action has been taken and the result of such action;

'(V) contain an inventory of the items described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) for which action remains to be completed and the period during which each item has remained on such inventory;

'(VI) contain an inventory of the items described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) for which no action has been taken, the period during which each item has remained on such inventory, the reasons for the inaction, and identify any Internal Revenue Service official who is responsible for such inaction;

'(VII) identify any Taxpayer Assistance Order which was not honored by the Internal Revenue Service in a timely manner, as specified under section 7811(b);

'(VIII) contain recommendations for such administrative and legislative action as may be appropriate to resolve problems encountered by taxpayers;

'(IX) identify areas of the tax law that impose significant compliance burdens on taxpayers or the Internal Revenue Service, including specific recommendations for remedying these problems;

'(X) identify the 10 most litigated issues for each category of taxpayers, including recommendations for mitigating such disputes; and

'(XI) include such other information as the National Taxpayer Advocate may deem advisable.

 

'(iii) REPORT TO BE SUBMITTED DIRECTLY.--Each report required under this subparagraph shall be provided directly to the committees described in clause (i) without any prior review or comment from the Commissioner, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Oversight Board, any other officer or employee of the Department of the Treasury, or the Office of Management and Budget.

'(iv) COORDINATION WITH REPORT OF TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION.--To the extent that information required to be reported under clause (ii) is also required to be reported under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d) by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, the National Taxpayer Advocate shall not contain such information in the report submitted under such clause.

 

'(C) OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES.--The National Taxpayer Advocate shall--

 

'(i) monitor the coverage and geographic allocation of local offices of taxpayer advocates;

'(ii) develop guidance to be distributed to all Internal Revenue Service officers and employees outlining the criteria for referral of taxpayer inquiries to local offices of taxpayer advocates;

'(iii) ensure that the local telephone number for each local office of the taxpayer advocate is published and available to taxpayers served by the office; and

'(iv) in conjunction with the Commissioner, develop career paths for local taxpayer advocates choosing to make a career in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate.

 

'(D) PERSONNEL ACTIONS.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--The National Taxpayer Advocate shall have the responsibility and authority to--

 

'(I) appoint local taxpayer advocates and make available at least 1 such advocate for each State; and

'(II) evaluate and take personnel actions (including dismissal) with respect to any employee of any local office of a taxpayer advocate described in subclause (I).

 

'(ii) CONSULTATION.--The National Taxpayer Advocate may consult with the appropriate supervisory personnel of the Internal Revenue Service in carrying out the National Taxpayer Advocate's responsibilities under this subparagraph.
'(3) RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMISSIONER.--The Commissioner shall establish procedures requiring a formal response to all recommendations submitted to the Commissioner by the National Taxpayer Advocate within 3 months after submission to the Commissioner.

'(4) OPERATION OF LOCAL OFFICES.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Each local taxpayer advocate--

 

'(i) shall report to the National Taxpayer Advocate or delegate thereof;

'(ii) may consult with the appropriate supervisory personnel of the Internal Revenue Service regarding the daily operation of the local office of the taxpayer advocate;

'(iii) shall, at the initial meeting with any taxpayer seeking the assistance of a local office of the taxpayer advocate, notify such taxpayer that the taxpayer advocate offices operate independently of any other Internal Revenue Service office and report directly to Congress through the National Taxpayer Advocate; and

'(iv) may, at the taxpayer advocate's discretion, not disclose to the Internal Revenue Service contact with, or information provided by, such taxpayer.

 

'(B) MAINTENANCE OF INDEPENDENT COMMUNICATIONS.--Each local office of the taxpayer advocate shall maintain a separate phone, facsimile, and other electronic communication access, and a separate post office address.
'(d) ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF THE TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION.--

 

'(1) ANNUAL REPORTING.--The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall include in one of the semiannual reports under section 5 of the Inspector General Act of 1978--

 

'(A) an evaluation of the compliance of the Internal Revenue Service with--

 

'(i) restrictions under section 1204 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 on the use of enforcement statistics to evaluate Internal Revenue Service employees;

'(ii) restrictions under section 7521 on directly contacting taxpayers who have indicated that they prefer their representatives be contacted;

'(iii) required procedures under section 6320 upon the filing of a notice of a lien;

'(iv) required procedures under subchapter D of chapter 64 for seizure of property for collection of taxes, including required procedures under section 6330 regarding levies; and

'(v) restrictions under section 3707 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 on designation of taxpayers;

 

'(B) a review and a certification of whether or not the Secretary is complying with the requirements of section 6103(e)(8) to disclose information to an individual filing a joint return on collection activity involving the other individual filing the return;

'(C) information regarding extensions of the statute of limitations for assessment and collection of tax under section 6501 and the provision of notice to taxpayers regarding requests for such extension;

'(D) an evaluation of the adequacy and security of the technology of the Internal Revenue Service;

'(E) any termination or mitigation under section 1203 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998;

'(F) information regarding improper denial of requests for information from the Internal Revenue Service identified under paragraph (3)(A); and

'(G) information regarding any administrative or civil actions with respect to violations of the fair debt collection provisions of section 6304, including--

 

'(i) a summary of such actions initiated since the date of the last report; and

'(ii) a summary of any judgments or awards granted as a result of such actions.

'(2) SEMIANNUAL REPORTS.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall include in each semiannual report under section 5 of the Inspector General Act of 1978--

 

'(i) the number of taxpayer complaints during the reporting period;

'(ii) the number of employee misconduct and taxpayer abuse allegations received by the Internal Revenue Service or the Inspector General during the period from taxpayers, Internal Revenue Service employees, and other sources;

'(iii) a summary of the status of such complaints and allegations; and

'(iv) a summary of the disposition of such complaints and allegations, including the outcome of any Department of Justice action and any monies paid as a settlement of such complaints and allegations.

 

'(B) Clauses (iii) and (iv) of subparagraph (A) shall only apply to complaints and allegations of serious employee misconduct.

 

'(3) OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES.--The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall--

 

'(A) conduct periodic audits of a statistically valid sample of the total number of determinations made by the Internal Revenue Service to deny written requests to disclose information to taxpayers on the basis of section 6103 of this title or section 552(b)(7) of title 5, United States Code; and

'(B) establish and maintain a toll-free telephone number for taxpayers to use to confidentially register complaints of misconduct by Internal Revenue Service employees and incorporate the telephone number in the statement required by section 6227 of the Omnibus Taxpayer Bill of Rights (Internal Revenue Service Publication No. 1).'.

(b) NOTICE OF RIGHT TO CONTACT OFFICE INCLUDED IN NOTICE OF DEFICIENCY.--Section 6212(a) (relating to notice of deficiency) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'Such notice shall include a notice to the taxpayer of the taxpayer's right to contact a local office of the taxpayer advocate and the location and phone number of the appropriate office.'.

(c) EXPANSION OF AUTHORITY TO ISSUE TAXPAYER ASSISTANCE ORDERS.--Section 7811(a) (relating to taxpayer assistance orders) is amended to read as follows:

'(a) AUTHORITY TO ISSUE.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Upon application filed by a taxpayer with the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate (in such form, manner, and at such time as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe), the National Taxpayer Advocate may issue a Taxpayer Assistance Order if--

 

'(A) the National Taxpayer Advocate determines the taxpayer is suffering or about to suffer a significant hardship as a result of the manner in which the internal revenue laws are being administered by the Secretary; or

'(B) the taxpayer meets such other requirements as are set forth in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

 

'(2) DETERMINATION OF HARDSHIP.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a significant hardship shall include--

 

'(A) an immediate threat of adverse action;

'(B) a delay of more than 30 days in resolving taxpayer account problems;

'(C) the incurring by the taxpayer of significant costs (including fees for professional representation) if relief is not granted; or

'(D) irreparable injury to, or a long-term adverse impact on, the taxpayer if relief is not granted.

 

'(3) STANDARD WHERE ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDANCE NOT FOLLOWED.--In cases where any Internal Revenue Service employee is not following applicable published administrative guidance (including the Internal Revenue Manual), the National Taxpayer Advocate shall construe the factors taken into account in determining whether to issue a taxpayer assistance order in the manner most favorable to the taxpayer.'.

 

(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATING TO NATIONAL TAXPAYER ADVOCATE.--

 

(1) The following provisions are each amended by striking 'Taxpayer Advocate' each place it appears and inserting 'National Taxpayer Advocate':

 

(A) Section 6323(j)(1)(D) (relating to withdrawal of notice in certain circumstances).

(B) Section 6343(d)(2)(D) (relating to return of property in certain cases).

(C) Section 7811(b)(2)(D) (relating to terms of a Taxpayer Assistance Order).

(D) Section 7811(c) (relating to authority to modify or rescind).

(E) Section 7811(d)(2) (relating to suspension of running of period of limitation).

(F) Section 7811(e) (relating to independent action of Taxpayer Advocate).

(G) Section 7811(f) (relating to Taxpayer Advocate).

 

(2) Section 7811(d)(1) (relating to suspension of running of period of limitation) is amended by striking 'Taxpayer Advocate's' and inserting 'National Taxpayer Advocate's'.

(3) The headings of subsections (e) and (f) of section 7811 are each amended by striking 'TAXPAYER ADVOCATE' and inserting 'NATIONAL TAXPAYER ADVOCATE'.

 

(e) ADDITIONAL CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 80 is amended by striking the item relating to section 7803 and inserting the following new item:
'Sec. 7803. Commissioner of Internal Revenue; other officials.'.
(2) Section 5109 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (b) and redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b).

(3) Section 7611(f)(1) (relating to restrictions on church tax inquiries and examinations) is amended by striking 'Assistant Commissioner for Employee Plans and Exempt Organizations of the Internal Revenue Service' and inserting 'Secretary'.

 

(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) CHIEF COUNSEL.--Section 7803(b)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section, shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(3) NATIONAL TAXPAYER ADVOCATE.--Notwithstanding section 7803(c)(1)(B)(iv) of such Code, as added by this section, in appointing the first National Taxpayer Advocate after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury--

 

(A) shall not appoint any individual who was an officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service at any time during the 2-year period ending on the date of appointment; and

(B) need not consult with the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board if the Oversight Board has not been appointed.

 

(4) CURRENT OFFICERS.--

 

(A) In the case of an individual serving as Commissioner of Internal Revenue on the date of the enactment of this Act who was appointed to such position before such date, the 5-year term required by section 7803(a)(1) of such Code, as added by this section, shall begin as of the date of such appointment.

(B) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section 7803(c)(1)(B) of such Code, as added by this section, shall not apply to the individual serving as Taxpayer Advocate on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1103. TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION.

 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO INSPECTORS GENERAL IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.--Section 2 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by striking the matter following paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

 

'there is established--

 

'(A) in each of such establishments an office of Inspector General, subject to subparagraph (B); and

'(B) in the establishment of the Department of the Treasury--

 

'(i) an Office of Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury; and

'(ii) an Office of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.'.

(b) AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 8D OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL ACT OF 1978.--

 

(1) LIMITATION ON AUTHORITY OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.--Section 8D(a) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(4) The Secretary of the Treasury may not exercise any power under paragraph (1) or (2) with respect to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.'.

(2) DUTIES OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY; RELATIONSHIP TO THE TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION.--Section 8D(b) of such Act is amended--

 

(A) by inserting '(1)' after '(b)'; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

 

'(2) The Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury shall exercise all duties and responsibilities of an Inspector General for the Department of the Treasury other than the duties and responsibilities exercised by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

'(3) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish procedures under which the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury and the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration will--

 

'(A) determine how audits and investigations are allocated in cases of overlapping jurisdiction; and

'(B) provide for coordination, cooperation, and efficiency in the conduct of such audits and investigations.'.

 

(3) ACCESS TO RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION.--Section 8D(e) of such Act is amended--

 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking 'Inspector General' and inserting 'Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration';

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking all beginning with '(2)' through subparagraph (B);

(C)(i) by redesignating subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) as paragraph (2) of such subsection; and

 

(ii) in such redesignated paragraph (2), by striking 'Inspector General' and inserting 'Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration'; and

 

(D)(i) by redesignating subparagraph (D) of such paragraph as paragraph (3) of such subsection; and

 

(ii) in such redesignated paragraph (3), by striking 'Inspector General' and inserting 'Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration'.
(4) EFFECT ON CERTAIN FINAL DECISIONS OF THE SECRETARY.--Section 8D(f) of such Act is amended by striking 'Inspector General' and inserting 'Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury or the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration'.

(5) REPEAL OF LIMITATION ON REPORTS TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.--Section 8D of such Act is amended by striking subsection (g).

(6) TRANSMISSION OF REPORTS.--Section 8D(h) of such Act is amended--

 

(A) by striking '(h)' and inserting '(g)(1)';

(B) by striking 'and the Committees on Government Operations and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives' and inserting 'and the Committees on Government Reform and Oversight and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives'; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(2) Any report made by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration that is required to be transmitted by the Secretary of the Treasury to the appropriate committees or subcommittees of Congress under section 5(d) shall also be transmitted, within the 7-day period specified under such subsection, to the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.'.

(7) TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION.--Section 8D of the Act is amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:

 

'(h) The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall exercise all duties and responsibilities of an Inspector General of an establishment with respect to the Department of the Treasury and the Secretary of the Treasury on all matters relating to the Internal Revenue Service. The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall have sole authority under this Act to conduct an audit or investigation of the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board and the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service.

'(i) In addition to the requirements of the first sentence of section 3(a), the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration should have demonstrated ability to lead a large and complex organization.

'(j) An individual appointed to the position of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing of the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration under section 3(d)(1), the Assistant Inspector General for Investigations of the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration under section 3(d)(2), or any position of Deputy Inspector General of the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration may not be an employee of the Internal Revenue Service--

 

'(1) during the 2-year period preceding the date of appointment to such position; or

'(2) during the 5-year period following the date such individual ends service in such position.

 

'(k)(1) In addition to the duties and responsibilities exercised by an inspector general of an establishment, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration--
'(A) shall have the duty to enforce criminal provisions under section 7608(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;

'(B) in addition to the functions authorized under section 7608(b)(2) of such Code, may carry firearms;

'(C) shall be responsible for protecting the Internal Revenue Service against external attempts to corrupt or threaten employees of the Internal Revenue Service, but shall not be responsible for the conducting of background checks and the providing of physical security; and

'(D) may designate any employee in the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration to enforce such laws and perform such functions referred to under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C).

 

'(2)(A) In performing a law enforcement function under paragraph (1), the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall report any reasonable grounds to believe there has been a violation of Federal criminal law to the Attorney General at an appropriate time as determined by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, notwithstanding section 4(d).

 

'(B) In the administration of section 5(d) and subsection (g)(2) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury may transmit the required report with respect to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration at an appropriate time as determined by the Secretary, if the problem, abuse, or deficiency relates to--

 

'(i) the performance of a law enforcement function under paragraph (1); and

'(ii) sensitive information concerning matters under subsection (a)(1)(A) through (F).

'(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect the authority of any other person to carry out or enforce any provision specified in paragraph (1).

 

'(l)(1) The Commissioner of Internal Revenue or the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board may request, in writing, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration to conduct an audit or investigation relating to the Internal Revenue Service. If the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration determines not to conduct such audit or investigation, the Inspector General shall timely provide a written explanation for such determination to the person making the request.

 

'(2)(A) Any final report of an audit conducted by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall be timely submitted by the Inspector General to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.

 

'(B) The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall periodically submit to the Commissioner and Board a list of investigations for which a final report has been completed by the Inspector General and shall provide a copy of any such report upon request of the Commissioner or Board.

'(C) This paragraph applies regardless of whether the applicable audit or investigation is requested under paragraph (1).'.

(c) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 9(a)(1) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended in subparagraph (L)--

 

(A) by inserting '(i)' after '(L)';

(B) by inserting 'and' after the semicolon; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

 

'(ii) of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, effective 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the Office of Chief Inspector of the Internal Revenue Service;'.
(2) TERMINATION OF OFFICE OF CHIEF INSPECTOR.--Effective upon the transfer of functions under the amendment made by paragraph (1), the Office of Chief Inspector of the Internal Revenue Service is terminated.

(3) RETENTION OF CERTAIN INTERNAL AUDIT PERSONNEL.--In making the transfer under the amendment made by paragraph (1), the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall designate and retain an appropriate number (not in excess of 300) of internal audit full-time equivalent employee positions necessary for management relating to the Internal Revenue Service.

(4) ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL TRANSFERS.--Effective 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer 21 full-time equivalent positions from the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury to the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

 

(d) AUDITS AND REPORTS OF AGENCY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.--Subject to section 3521(g) of title 31, United States Code--

 

(1) the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury shall, subject to paragraph (2)--

 

(A) audit each financial statement in accordance with section 3521(e) of such title; and

(B) prepare and submit each report required under section 3521(f) of such title; and

 

(2) the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall--

 

(A) audit that portion of each financial statement referred to under paragraph (1)(A) that relates to custodial and administrative accounts of the Internal Revenue Service; and

(B) prepare that portion of each report referred to under paragraph (1)(B) that relates to custodial and administrative accounts of the Internal Revenue Service.

(e) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS.--Section 8D(b) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by striking 'and the internal audits and internal investigations performed by the Office of Assistant Commissioner (Inspection) of the Internal Revenue Service'.

(2) AMENDMENTS RELATING TO REFERENCES TO THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.--

 

(A) LIMITATION ON AUTHORITY.--Section 8D(a) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended--

 

(i) in the first sentence of paragraph (1), by inserting 'of the Department of the Treasury' after 'Inspector General';

(ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting 'of the Department of the Treasury' after 'prohibit the Inspector General'; and

(iii) in paragraph (3)--

 

(I) in the first sentence, by inserting 'of the Department of the Treasury' after 'notify the Inspector General'; and

(II) in the second sentence, by inserting 'of the Department of the Treasury' after 'notice, the Inspector General'.

(B) DUTIES.--Section 8D(b) of such Act is amended in the second sentence by inserting 'of the Department of the Treasury' after 'Inspector General'.

(C) AUDITS AND INVESTIGATIONS.--Section 8D (c) and (d) of such Act are amended by inserting 'of the Department of the Treasury' after 'Inspector General' each place it appears.

 

(3) REFERENCES.--The second section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (relating to rule of construction of special provisions) is amended--

 

(A) by striking 'SEC. 8G' and inserting 'SEC. 8H';

(B) by striking 'or 8E' and inserting '8E or 8F'; and

(C) by striking 'section 8F(a)' and inserting 'section 8G(a)'.

 

(4) AMENDMENT TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986.--Section 7608(b)(1) is amended by striking 'or of the Internal Security Division'.
SEC. 1104. OTHER PERSONNEL.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7804 (relating to the effect of reorganization plans) is amended to read as follows:

 

'SEC. 7804. OTHER PERSONNEL.

 

'(a) APPOINTMENT AND SUPERVISION.--Unless otherwise prescribed by the Secretary, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue is authorized to employ such number of persons as the Commissioner deems proper for the administration and enforcement of the internal revenue laws, and the Commissioner shall issue all necessary directions, instructions, orders, and rules applicable to such persons.

'(b) POSTS OF DUTY OF EMPLOYEES IN FIELD SERVICE OR TRAVELING.--Unless otherwise prescribed by the Secretary--

 

'(1) DESIGNATION OF POST OF DUTY.--The Commissioner shall determine and designate the posts of duty of all such persons engaged in field work or traveling on official business outside of the District of Columbia.

'(2) DETAIL OF PERSONNEL FROM FIELD SERVICE.--The Commissioner may order any such person engaged in field work to duty in the District of Columbia, for such periods as the Commissioner may prescribe, and to any designated post of duty outside the District of Columbia upon the completion of such duty.

 

'(c) DELINQUENT INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.--If any officer or employee of the Treasury Department acting in connection with the internal revenue laws fails to account for and pay over any amount of money or property collected or received by him in connection with the internal revenue laws, the Secretary shall issue notice and demand to such officer or employee for payment of the amount which he failed to account for and pay over, and, upon failure to pay the amount demanded within the time specified in such notice, the amount so demanded shall be deemed imposed upon such officer or employee and assessed upon the date of such notice and demand, and the provisions of chapter 64 and all other provisions of law relating to the collection of assessed taxes shall be applicable in respect of such amount.'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Subsection (b) of section 6344 is amended by striking 'section 7803(d)' and inserting 'section 7804(c)'.

(2) The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 80 is amended by striking the item relating to section 7804 and inserting the following new item:

'Sec. 7804. Other personnel.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 1105. PROHIBITION ON EXECUTIVE BRANCH INFLUENCE OVER TAXPAYER AUDITS AND OTHER INVESTIGATIONS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Part I of subchapter A of chapter 75 (relating to crimes, other offenses, and forfeitures) is amended by adding after section 7216 the following new section:

 

'SEC. 7217. PROHIBITION ON EXECUTIVE BRANCH INFLUENCE OVER TAXPAYER AUDITS AND OTHER INVESTIGATIONS.

 

'(a) PROHIBITION.--It shall be unlawful for any applicable person to request, directly or indirectly, any officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service to conduct or terminate an audit or other investigation of any particular taxpayer with respect to the tax liability of such taxpayer.

'(b) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.--Any officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service receiving any request prohibited by subsection (a) shall report the receipt of such request to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

'(c) EXCEPTIONS.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any written request made--

 

'(1) to an applicable person by or on behalf of the taxpayer and forwarded by such applicable person to the Internal Revenue Service;

'(2) by an applicable person for disclosure of return or return information under section 6103 if such request is made in accordance with the requirements of such section; or

'(3) by the Secretary of the Treasury as a consequence of the implementation of a change in tax policy.

 

'(d) PENALTY.--Any person who willfully violates subsection (a) or fails to report under subsection (b) shall be punished upon conviction by a fine in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.

'(e) APPLICABLE PERSON.--For purposes of this section, the term 'applicable person' means--

 

'(1) the President, the Vice President, any employee of the executive office of the President, and any employee of the executive office of the Vice President; and

'(2) any individual (other than the Attorney General of the United States) serving in a position specified in section 5312 of title 5, United States Code.'.

 

(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for part I of subchapter A of chapter 75 is amended by adding after the item relating to section 7216 the following new item:

 

'Sec. 7217. Prohibition on executive branch influence over taxpayer audits and other investigations.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to requests made after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Subtitle C--Personnel Flexibilities

 

 

SEC. 1201. IMPROVEMENTS IN PERSONNEL FLEXIBILITIES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Part III of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subpart:

 

'Subpart I--Miscellaneous

 

'CHAPTER 95--PERSONNEL FLEXIBILITIES RELATING TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE

 

'Sec. 9501. Internal Revenue Service personnel flexibilities.

'Sec. 9502. Pay authority for critical positions.

'Sec. 9503. Streamlined critical pay authority.

'Sec. 9504. Recruitment, retention, relocation incentives, and relocation expenses.

'Sec. 9505. Performance awards for senior executives.

'Sec. 9506. Limited appointments to career reserved Senior Executive Service positions.

'Sec. 9507. Streamlined demonstration project authority.

'Sec. 9508. General workforce performance management system.

'Sec. 9509. General workforce classification and pay.

'Sec. 9510. General workforce staffing.

'SEC. 9501. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE PERSONNEL FLEXIBILITIES

 

'(a) Any flexibilities provided by sections 9502 through 9510 of this chapter shall be exercised in a manner consistent with--

 

'(1) chapter 23 (relating to merit system principles and prohibited personnel practices);

'(2) provisions relating to preference eligibles;

'(3) except as otherwise specifically provided, section 5307 (relating to the aggregate limitation on pay);

'(4) except as otherwise specifically provided, chapter 71 (relating to labor-management relations); and

'(5) subject to subsections (b) and (c) of section 1104, as though such authorities were delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury under section 1104(a)(2).

 

'(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall provide the Office of Personnel Management with any information that Office requires in carrying out its responsibilities under this section.

'(c) Employees within a unit to which a labor organization is accorded exclusive recognition under chapter 71 shall not be subject to any flexibility provided by sections 9507 through 9510 of this chapter unless the exclusive representative and the Internal Revenue Service have entered into a written agreement which specifically provides for the exercise of that flexibility. Such written agreement may be imposed by the Federal Services Impasses Panel under section 7119.

 

'SEC. 9502. PAY AUTHORITY FOR CRITICAL POSITIONS

 

'(a) When the Secretary of the Treasury seeks a grant of authority under section 5377 for critical pay for 1 or more positions at the Internal Revenue Service, the Office of Management and Budget may fix the rate of basic pay, notwithstanding sections 5377(d)(2) and 5307, at any rate up to the salary set in accordance with section 104 of title 3.

'(b) Notwithstanding section 5307, no allowance, differential, bonus, award, or similar cash payment may be paid to any employee receiving critical pay at a rate fixed under subsection (a), in any calendar year if, or to the extent that, the employee's total annual compensation will exceed the maximum amount of total annual compensation payable at the salary set in accordance with section 104 of title 3.

 

'SEC. 9503. STREAMLINED CRITICAL PAY AUTHORITY

 

'(a) Notwithstanding section 9502, and without regard to the provisions of this title governing appointments in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service and chapters 51 and 53 (relating to classification and pay rates), the Secretary of the Treasury may, for a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section, establish, fix the compensation of, and appoint individuals to, designated critical administrative, technical, and professional positions needed to carry out the functions of the Internal Revenue Service, if--

 

'(1) the positions--

 

'(A) require expertise of an extremely high level in an administrative, technical, or professional field; and

'(B) are critical to the Internal Revenue Service's successful accomplishment of an important mission;

 

'(2) exercise of the authority is necessary to recruit or retain an individual exceptionally well qualified for the position;

'(3) the number of such positions does not exceed 40 at any one time;

'(4) designation of such positions are approved by the Secretary of the Treasury;

'(5) the terms of such appointments are limited to no more than 4 years;

'(6) appointees to such positions were not Internal Revenue Service employees prior to June 1, 1998;

'(7) total annual compensation for any appointee to such positions does not exceed the highest total annual compensation payable at the rate determined under section 104 of title 3; and

'(8) all such positions are excluded from the collective bargaining unit.

 

'(b) Individuals appointed under this section shall not be considered to be employees for purposes of subchapter II of chapter 75.

 

'SEC. 9504. RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, RELOCATION INCENTIVES, AND RELOCATION EXPENSES

 

'(a) For a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section and subject to approval by the Office of Personnel Management, the Secretary of the Treasury may provide for variations from sections 5753 and 5754 governing payment of recruitment, relocation, and retention incentives.

'(b) For a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury may pay from appropriations made to the Internal Revenue Service allowable relocation expenses under section 5724a for employees transferred or reemployed and allowable travel and transportation expenses under section 5723 for new appointees, for any new appointee appointed to a position for which pay is fixed under section 9502 or 9503 after June 1, 1998.

 

'SEC. 9505. PERFORMANCE AWARDS FOR SENIOR EXECUTIVES

 

'(a) For a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section, Internal Revenue Service senior executives who have program management responsibility over significant functions of the Internal Revenue Service may be paid a performance bonus without regard to the limitation in section 5384(b)(2) if the Secretary of the Treasury finds such award warranted based on the executive's performance.

'(b) In evaluating an executive's performance for purposes of an award under this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take into account the executive's contributions toward the successful accomplishment of goals and objectives established under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, division E of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 679), Revenue Procedure 64-22 (as in effect on July 30, 1997), taxpayer service surveys, and other performance metrics or plans established in consultation with the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.

'(c) Any award in excess of 20 percent of an executive's rate of basic pay shall be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury.

'(d) Notwithstanding section 5384(b)(3), the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine the aggregate amount of performance awards available to be paid during any fiscal year under this section and section 5384 to career senior executives in the Internal Revenue Service. Such amount may not exceed an amount equal to 5 percent of the aggregate amount of basic pay paid to career senior executives in the Internal Revenue Service during the preceding fiscal year. The Internal Revenue Service shall not be included in the determination under section 5384(b)(3) of the aggregate amount of performance awards payable to career senior executives in the Department of the Treasury other than the Internal Revenue Service.

'(e) Notwithstanding section 5307, a performance bonus award may not be paid to an executive in a calendar year if, or to the extent that, the executive's total annual compensation will exceed the maximum amount of total annual compensation payable at the rate determined under section 104 of title 3.

 

'SEC. 9506. LIMITED APPOINTMENTS TO CAREER RESERVED SENION EXECUTIVE SERVICE POSITIONS

 

'(a) In the application of section 3132, a 'career reserved position' in the Internal Revenue Service means a position designated under section 3132(b) which may be filled only by--

 

'(1) a career appointee; or

'(2) a limited emergency appointee or a limited term appointee--

 

'(A) who, immediately upon entering the career reserved position, was serving under a career or career-conditional appointment outside the Senior Executive Service; or

'(B) whose limited emergency or limited term appointment is approved in advance by the Office of Personnel Management.

'(b)(1) The number of positions described under subsection (a) which are filled by an appointee as described under paragraph (2) of such subsection may not exceed 10 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in the Internal Revenue Service.

 

'(2) Notwithstanding section 3132--

 

'(A) the term of an appointee described under subsection (a)(2) may be for any period not to exceed 3 years; and

'(B) such an appointee may serve--

 

'(i) two such terms; or

'(ii) two such terms in addition to any unexpired term applicable at the time of appointment.

'SEC. 9507. STREAMLINED DEMONSTRATION PROJECT AUTHORITY

 

'(a) The exercise of any of the flexibilities under sections 9502 through 9510 shall not affect the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to implement for the Internal Revenue Service a demonstration project subject to chapter 47, as provided in subsection (b).

'(b) In applying section 4703 to a demonstration project described in section 4701(a)(4) which involves the Internal Revenue Service--

 

'(1) section 4703(b)(1) shall be deemed to read as follows:

'(1) develop a plan for such project which describes its purpose, the employees to be covered, the project itself, its anticipated outcomes, and the method of evaluating the project;';

'(2) section 4703(b)(3) shall not apply;

'(3) the 180-day notification period in section 4703(b)(4) shall be deemed to be a notification period of 30 days;

'(4) section 4703(b)(6) shall be deemed to read as follows:

'(6) provides each House of Congress with the final version of the plan.';

'(5) section 4703(c)(1) shall be deemed to read as follows:

'(1) subchapter V of chapter 63 or subpart G of part III of this title;';

'(6) the requirements of paragraphs (1)(A) and (2) of section 4703(d) shall not apply; and

'(7) notwithstanding section 4703(d)(1)(B), based on an evaluation as provided in section 4703(h), the Office of Personnel Management and the Secretary of the Treasury, except as otherwise provided by this subsection, may waive the termination date of a demonstration project under section 4703(d).

 

'(c) At least 90 days before waiving the termination date under subsection (b)(7), the Office of Personnel Management shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of its intention to waive the termination date and shall inform in writing both Houses of Congress of its intention.

 

'SEC. 9508. GENERAL WORKFORCE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 

'(a) In lieu of a performance appraisal system established under section 4302, the Secretary of the Treasury shall, within 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, establish for the Internal Revenue Service a performance management system that--

 

'(1) maintains individual accountability by--

 

'(A) establishing one or more retention standards for each employee related to the work of the employee and expressed in terms of individual performance, and communicating such retention standards to employees;

'(B) making periodic determinations of whether each employee meets or does not meet the employee's established retention standards; and

'(C) taking actions, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, with respect to any employee whose performance does not meet established retention standards, including denying any increases in basic pay, promotions, and credit for performance under section 3502, and taking one or more of the following actions:

 

'(i) Reassignment.

'(ii) An action under chapter 43 or chapter 75 of this title.

'(iii) Any other appropriate action to resolve the performance problem; and

'(2) except as provided under section 1204 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, strengthens the system's effectiveness by--

 

'(A) establishing goals or objectives for individual, group, or organizational performance (or any combination thereof), consistent with the Internal Revenue Service's performance planning procedures, including those established under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, division E of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 679), Revenue Procedure 64-22 (as in effect on July 30, 1997), and taxpayer service surveys, and communicating such goals or objectives to employees;

'(B) using such goals and objectives to make performance distinctions among employees or groups of employees; and

'(C) using performance assessments as a basis for granting employee awards, adjusting an employee's rate of basic pay, and other appropriate personnel actions, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

'(b)(1) For purposes of subsection (a)(2), the term 'performance assessment' means a determination of whether or not retention standards established under subsection (a)(1)(A) are met, and any additional performance determination made on the basis of performance goals and objectives established under subsection (a)(2)(A).

 

'(2) For purposes of this title, the term 'unacceptable performance' with respect to an employee of the Internal Revenue Service covered by a performance management system established under this section means performance of the employee which fails to meet a retention standard established under this section.

 

'(c)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury may establish an awards program designed to provide incentives for and recognition of organizational, group, and individual achievements by providing for granting awards to employees who, as individuals or members of a group, contribute to meeting the performance goals and objectives established under this chapter by such means as a superior individual or group accomplishment, a documented productivity gain, or sustained superior performance.

 

'(2) A cash award under subchapter I of chapter 45 may be granted to an employee of the Internal Revenue Service without the need for any approval under section 4502(b).

 

'(d)(1) In applying sections 4303(b)(1)(A) and 7513(b)(1) to employees of the Internal Revenue Service, '30 days' may be deemed to be '15 days'.

 

'(2) Notwithstanding the second sentence of section 5335(c), an employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall not have a right to appeal the denial of a periodic step increase under section 5335 to the Merit Systems Protection Board.
'SEC. 9509. GENERAL WORKFORCE CLASSIFICATION AND PAY

 

'(a) For purposes of this section, the term 'broad-banded system' means a system for grouping positions for pay, job evaluation, and other purposes that is different from the system established under chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 as a result of combining grades and related ranges of rates of pay in one or more occupational series.

'(b)(1)(A) The Secretary of the Treasury may, subject to criteria to be prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, establish one or more broad-banded systems covering all or any portion of the Internal Revenue Service workforce.

'(B) With the approval of the Office of Personnel Management, a broad-banded system established under this section may either include or consist of positions that otherwise would be subject to subchapter IV of chapter 53 or section 5376.

 

'(2) The Office of Personnel Management may require the Secretary of the Treasury to submit information relating to broad-banded systems at the Internal Revenue Service.

'(3) Except as otherwise provided under this section, employees under a broad-banded system shall continue to be subject to the laws and regulations covering employees under the pay system that otherwise would apply to such employees.

'(4) The criteria to be prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management shall, at a minimum--

 

'(A) ensure that the structure of any broad-banded system maintains the principle of equal pay for substantially equal work;

'(B) establish the minimum and maximum number of grades that may be combined into pay bands;

'(C) establish requirements for setting minimum and maximum rates of pay in a pay band;

'(D) establish requirements for adjusting the pay of an employee within a pay band;

'(E) establish requirements for setting the pay of a supervisory employee whose position is in a pay band or who supervises employees whose positions are in pay bands; and

'(F) establish requirements and methodologies for setting the pay of an employee upon conversion to a broad-banded system, initial appointment, change of position or type of appointment (including promotion, demotion, transfer, reassignment, reinstatement, placement in another pay band, or movement to a different geographic location), and movement between a broad-banded system and another pay system.

'(c) With the approval of the Office of Personnel Management and in accordance with a plan for implementation submitted by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary may, with respect to Internal Revenue Service employees who are covered by a broad-banded system established under this section, provide for variations from the provisions of subchapter VI of chapter 53.

 

'SEC. 9510. GENERAL WORKFORCE STAFFING

 

'(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided by this section, an employee of the Internal Revenue Service may be selected for a permanent appointment in the competitive service in the Internal Revenue Service through internal competitive promotion procedures if--
'(A) the employee has completed, in the competitive service, 2 years of current continuous service under a term appointment or any combination of term appointments;

'(B) such term appointment or appointments were made under competitive procedures prescribed for permanent appointments;

'(C) the employee's performance under such term appointment or appointments met established retention standards, or, if not covered by a performance management system established under section 9508, was rated at the fully successful level or higher (or equivalent thereof); and

'(D) the vacancy announcement for the term appointment from which the conversion is made stated that there was a potential for subsequent conversion to a permanent appointment.

 

'(2) An appointment under this section may be made only to a position in the same line of work as a position to which the employee received a term appointment under competitive procedures.

 

'(b)(1) Notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter 33, the Secretary of the Treasury may establish category rating systems for evaluating applicants for Internal Revenue Service positions in the competitive service under which qualified candidates are divided into two or more quality categories on the basis of relative degrees of merit, rather than assigned individual numerical ratings.

 

'(2) Each applicant who meets the minimum qualification requirements for the position to be filled shall be assigned to an appropriate category based on an evaluation of the applicant's knowledge, skills, and abilities relative to those needed for successful performance in the position to be filled.

'(3) Within each quality category established under paragraph (1), preference eligibles shall be listed ahead of individuals who are not preference eligibles. For other than scientific and professional positions at or higher than GS-9 (or equivalent), preference eligibles who have a compensable service-connected disability of 10 percent or more, and who meet the minimum qualification standards, shall be listed in the highest quality category.

'(4) An appointing authority may select any applicant from the highest quality category or, if fewer than three candidates have been assigned to the highest quality category, from a merged category consisting of the highest and second highest quality categories.

'(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (4), the appointing authority may not pass over a preference eligible in the same or higher category from which selection is made unless the requirements of section 3317(b) or 3318(b), as applicable, are satisfied.

 

'(c) The Secretary of the Treasury may detail employees among the offices of the Internal Revenue Service without regard to the 120-day limitation in section 3341(b).

'(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Treasury may establish a probationary period under section 3321 of up to 3 years for Internal Revenue Service positions if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that the nature of the work is such that a shorter period is insufficient to demonstrate complete proficiency in the position.

'(e) Nothing in this section exempts the Secretary of the Treasury from--

 

'(1) any employment priority established under direction of the President for the placement of surplus or displaced employees; or

'(2) any obligation under a court order or decree relating to the employment practices of the Internal Revenue Service or the Department of the Treasury.'.

 

(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for part III of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new items:

 

'Subpart I--Miscellaneous 9501'.

SEC. 1202. VOLUNTARY SEPARATION INCENTIVE PAYMENTS.

 

(a) DEFINITION.--In this section, the term 'employee' means an employee (as defined by section 2105 of title 5, United States Code) who is employed by the Internal Revenue Service serving under an appointment without time limitation, and has been currently employed for a continuous period of at least 3 years, but does not include--

 

(1) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or another retirement system;

(2) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under the applicable retirement system referred to in paragraph (1);

(3) an employee who is in receipt of a specific notice of involuntary separation for misconduct or unacceptable performance;

(4) an employee who, upon completing an additional period of service as referred to in section 3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 (5 U.S.C. 5597 note), would qualify for a voluntary separation incentive payment under section 3 of such Act;

(5) an employee who has previously received any voluntary separation incentive payment by the Federal Government under this section or any other authority and has not repaid such payment;

(6) an employee covered by statutory reemployment rights who is on transfer to another organization; or

(7) any employee who, during the 24-month period preceding the date of separation, has received a recruitment or relocation bonus under section 5753 of title 5, United States Code, or who, within the 12-month period preceding the date of separation, received a retention allowance under section 5754 of title 5, United States Code.

 

(b) AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE VOLUNTARY SEPARATION INCENTIVE PAYMENTS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue may pay voluntary separation incentive payments under this section to any employee to the extent necessary to carry out the plan to reorganize the Internal Revenue Service under section 1001.

(2) AMOUNT AND TREATMENT OF PAYMENTS.--A voluntary separation incentive payment--

 

(A) shall be paid in a lump sum after the employee's separation;

(B) shall be paid from appropriations or funds available for the payment of the basic pay of the employees;

(C) shall be equal to the lesser of--

 

(i) an amount equal to the amount the employee would be entitled to receive under section 5595(c) of title 5, United States Code; or

(ii) an amount determined by an agency head not to exceed $25,000;

 

(D) may not be made except in the case of any qualifying employee who voluntarily separates (whether by retirement or resignation) before January 1, 2003;

(E) shall not be a basis for payment, and shall not be included in the computation, of any other type of Government benefit; and

(F) shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of any severance pay to which the employee may be entitled under section 5595 of title 5, United States Code, based on any other separation.

(c) ADDITIONAL INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RETIREMENT FUND.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--In addition to any other payments which it is required to make under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, the Internal Revenue Service shall remit to the Office of Personnel Management for deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund an amount equal to 15 percent of the final basic pay of each employee who is covered under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, to whom a voluntary separation incentive has been paid under this section.

(2) DEFINITION.--In paragraph (1), the term 'final basic pay', with respect to an employee, means the total amount of basic pay which would be payable for a year of service by such employee, computed using the employee's final rate of basic pay, and, if last serving on other than a full-time basis, with appropriate adjustment therefor.

 

(d) EFFECT OF SUBSEQUENT EMPLOYMENT WITH THE GOVERNMENT.--An individual who has received a voluntary separation incentive payment under this section and accepts any employment for compensation with the Government of the United States, or who works for any agency of the United States Government through a personal services contract, within 5 years after the date of the separation on which the payment is based shall be required to pay, prior to the individual's first day of employment, the entire amount of the incentive payment to the Internal Revenue Service.

(e) EFFECT ON INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS.--

 

(1) INTENDED EFFECT.--Voluntary separations under this section are not intended to necessarily reduce the total number of full-time equivalent positions in the Internal Revenue Service.

(2) USE OF VOLUNTARY SEPARATIONS.--The Internal Revenue Service may redeploy or use the full-time equivalent positions vacated by voluntary separations under this section to make other positions available to more critical locations or more critical occupations.

SEC. 1203. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT FOR MISCONDUCT.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subject to subsection (c), the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall terminate the employment of any employee of the Internal Revenue Service if there is a final administrative or judicial determination that such employee committed any act or omission described under subsection (b) in the performance of the employee's official duties. Such termination shall be a removal for cause on charges of misconduct.

(b) ACTS OR OMISSIONS.--The acts or omissions referred to under subsection (a) are--

 

(1) willful failure to obtain the required approval signatures on documents authorizing the seizure of a taxpayer's home, personal belongings, or business assets;

(2) providing a false statement under oath with respect to a material matter involving a taxpayer or taxpayer representative;

(3) with respect to a taxpayer, taxpayer representative, or other employee of the Internal Revenue Service, the violation of--

 

(A) any right under the Constitution of the United States; or

(B) any civil right established under--

 

(i) title VI or VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;

(ii) title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972;

(iii) the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967;

(iv) the Age Discrimination Act of 1975;

(v) section 501 or 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; or

(vi) title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990;

(4) falsifying or destroying documents to conceal mistakes made by any employee with respect to a matter involving a taxpayer or taxpayer representative;

(5) assault or battery on a taxpayer, taxpayer representative, or other employee of the Internal Revenue Service, but only if there is a criminal conviction, or a final judgment by a court in a civil case, with respect to the assault or battery;

(6) violations of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, Department of Treasury regulations, or policies of the Internal Revenue Service (including the Internal Revenue Manual) for the purpose of retaliating against, or harassing, a taxpayer, taxpayer representative, or other employee of the Internal Revenue Service;

(7) willful misuse of the provisions of section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the purpose of concealing information from a congressional inquiry;

(8) willful failure to file any return of tax required under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on or before the date prescribed therefor (including any extensions), unless such failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect;

(9) willful understatement of Federal tax liability, unless such understatement is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; and

(10) threatening to audit a taxpayer for the purpose of extracting personal gain or benefit.

 

(c) DETERMINATION OF COMMISSIONER.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue may take a personnel action other than termination for an act or omission under subsection (a).

(2) DISCRETION.--The exercise of authority under paragraph (1) shall be at the sole discretion of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and may not be delegated to any other officer. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, in his sole discretion, may establish a procedure which will be used to determine whether an individual should be referred to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for a determination by the Commissioner under paragraph (1).

(3) NO APPEAL.--Any determination of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue under this subsection may not be appealed in any administrative or judicial proceeding.

 

(d) DEFINITION.--For purposes of the provisions described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iv) of subsection (b)(3)(B), references to a program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or an education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance shall include any program or activity conducted by the Internal Revenue Service for a taxpayer.

 

SEC. 1204. BASIS FOR EVALUATION OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE EMPLOYEES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Internal Revenue Service shall not use records of tax enforcement results--

 

(1) to evaluate employees; or

(2) to impose or suggest production quotas or goals with respect to such employees.

 

(b) TAXPAYER SERVICE.--The Internal Revenue Service shall use the fair and equitable treatment of taxpayers by employees as one of the standards for evaluating employee performance.

(c) CERTIFICATION.--Each appropriate supervisor shall certify quarterly by letter to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue whether or not tax enforcement results are being used in a manner prohibited by subsection (a).

(d) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 6231 of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-647; 102 Stat. 3734) is repealed.

(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--This section shall apply to evaluations conducted on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 1205. EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAM.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall implement an employee training program and shall submit an employee training plan to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives.

(b) CONTENTS.--The plan submitted under subsection (a) shall--

 

(1) detail a comprehensive employee training program to ensure adequate customer service training;

(2) detail a schedule for training and the fiscal years during which the training will occur;

(3) detail the funding of the program and relevant information to demonstrate the priority and commitment of resources to the plan;

(4) review the organizational design of customer service;

(5) provide for the implementation of a performance development system; and

(6) provide for at least 16 hours of conflict management training during fiscal year 1999 for employees conducting collection activities.

TITLE II--ELECTRONIC FILING

 

 

SEC. 2001. ELECTRONIC FILING OF TAX AND INFORMATION RETURNS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--It is the policy of Congress that--

 

(1) paperless filing should be the preferred and most convenient means of filing Federal tax and information returns;

(2) it should be the goal of the Internal Revenue Service to have at least 80 percent of all such returns filed electronically by the year 2007; and

(3) the Internal Revenue Service should cooperate with and encourage the private sector by encouraging competition to increase electronic filing of such returns.

 

(b) STRATEGIC PLAN.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Secretary') shall establish a plan to eliminate barriers, provide incentives, and use competitive market forces to increase electronic filing gradually over the next 10 years while maintaining processing times for paper returns at 40 days. To the extent practicable, such plan shall provide that all returns prepared electronically for taxable years beginning after 2001 shall be filed electronically.

(2) ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ADVISORY GROUP.--To ensure that the Secretary receives input from the private sector in the development and implementation of the plan required by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall convene an electronic commerce advisory group to include representatives from the small business community and from the tax practitioner, preparer, and computerized tax processor communities and other representatives from the electronic filing industry.

 

(c) PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC FILING AND INCENTIVES.--Section 6011 is amended by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g) and by inserting after subsection (e) the following new subsection:

'(f) PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC FILING.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary is authorized to promote the benefits of and encourage the use of electronic tax administration programs, as they become available, through the use of mass communications and other means.

'(2) INCENTIVES.--The Secretary may implement procedures to provide for the payment of appropriate incentives for electronically filed returns.'.

 

(d) ANNUAL REPORTS.--Not later than June 30 of each calendar year after 1998, the Chairperson of the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Chairperson of the electronic commerce advisory group established under subsection (b)(2) shall report to the Committees on Ways and Means, Appropriations, Government Reform and Oversight, and Small Business of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Finance, Appropriations, Governmental Affairs, and Small Business of the Senate on--

 

(1) the progress of the Internal Revenue Service in meeting the goal of receiving electronically 80 percent of tax and information returns by 2007;

(2) the status of the plan required by subsection (b);

(3) the legislative changes necessary to assist the Internal Revenue Service in meeting such goal; and

(4) the effects on small businesses and the self-employed of electronically filing tax and information returns.

SEC. 2002. DUE DATE FOR CERTAIN INFORMATION RETURNS.

 

(a) INFORMATION RETURNS FILED ELECTRONICALLY.--Section 6071 (relating to time for filing returns and other documents) is amended by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c) and by inserting after subsection (a) the following new subsection:

'(b) ELECTRONICALLY FILED INFORMATION RETURNS.--Returns made under subparts B and C of part III of this subchapter which are filed electronically shall be filed on or before March 31 of the year following the calendar year to which such returns relate.'.

(b) STUDY RELATING TO TIME FOR PROVIDING NOTICE TO RECIPIENTS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study evaluating the effect of extending the deadline for providing statements to persons with respect to whom information is required to be furnished under subparts B and C of part III of subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (other than section 6051 of such Code) from January 31 to February 15 of the year in which the return to which the statement relates is required to be filed.

(2) REPORT.--Not later than June 30, 1999, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report on the study under paragraph (1) to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to returns required to be filed after December 31, 1999.

 

SEC. 2003. PAPERLESS ELECTRONIC FILING.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6061 (relating to signing of returns and other documents) is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'Except as otherwise provided by' and inserting the following:

 

'(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided by subsection (b) and'; and

 

(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(b) ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary shall develop procedures for the acceptance of signatures in digital or other electronic form. Until such time as such procedures are in place, the Secretary may--

 

'(A) waive the requirement of a signature for; or

'(B) provide for alternative methods of signing or subscribing, a particular type or class of return, declaration, statement, or other document required or permitted to be made or written under internal revenue laws and regulations.

 

'(2) TREATMENT OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any return, declaration, statement, or other document filed and verified, signed, or subscribed under any method adopted under paragraph (1)(B) shall be treated for all purposes (both civil and criminal, including penalties for perjury) in the same manner as though signed or subscribed.

'(3) PUBLISHED GUIDANCE.--The Secretary shall publish guidance as appropriate to define and implement any waiver of the signature requirements or any method adopted under paragraph (1).'.

 

(b) ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF ELECTRONIC FILING.--Section 7502(c) is amended to read as follows:

'(c) REGISTERED AND CERTIFIED MAILING; ELECTRONIC FILING.--

 

'(1) REGISTERED MAIL.--For purposes of this section, if any return, claim, statement, or other document, or payment, is sent by United States registered mail--

 

'(A) such registration shall be prima facie evidence that the return, claim, statement, or other document was delivered to the agency, officer, or office to which addressed; and

'(B) the date of registration shall be deemed the postmark date.

 

'(2) CERTIFIED MAIL; ELECTRONIC FILING.--The Secretary is authorized to provide by regulations the extent to which the provisions of paragraph (1) with respect to prima facie evidence of delivery and the postmark date shall apply to certified mail and electronic filing.'.

 

(c) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR OTHER INFORMATION.--In the case of taxable periods beginning after December 31, 1999, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, to the extent practicable, establish procedures to accept, in electronic form, any other information, statements, elections, or schedules, from taxpayers filing returns electronically, so that such taxpayers will not be required to file any paper.

(d) INTERNET AVAILABILITY.--In the case of taxable periods beginning after December 31, 1998, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall establish procedures for all tax forms, instructions, and publications created in the most recent 5-year period to be made available electronically on the Internet in a searchable database at approximately the same time such records are available to the public in paper form. In addition, in the case of taxable periods beginning after December 31, 1998, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, to the extent practicable, establish procedures for other taxpayer guidance to be made available electronically on the Internet in a searchable database at approximately the same time such guidance is available to the public in paper form.

(e) PROCEDURES FOR AUTHORIZING DISCLOSURE ELECTRONICALLY.--The Secretary shall establish procedures for any taxpayer to authorize, on an electronically filed return, the Secretary to disclose information under section 6103(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to the preparer of the return.

(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 2004. RETURN-FREE TAX SYSTEM.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall develop procedures for the implementation of a return-free tax system under which appropriate individuals would be permitted to comply with the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 without making the return required under section 6012 of such Code for taxable years beginning after 2007.

(b) REPORT.--Not later than June 30 of each calendar year after 1999, the Secretary shall report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate on--

 

(1) what additional resources the Internal Revenue Service would need to implement such a system;

(2) the changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 that could enhance the use of such a system;

(3) the procedures developed pursuant to subsection (a); and

(4) the number and classes of taxpayers that would be permitted to use the procedures developed pursuant to subsection (a).

SEC. 2005. ACCESS TO ACCOUNT INFORMATION.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Not later than December 31, 2006, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall develop procedures under which a taxpayer filing returns electronically (and their designees under section 6103(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) would be able to review the taxpayer's account electronically, but only if all necessary safeguards to ensure the privacy of such account information are in place.

(b) REPORT.--Not later than December 31, 2003, the Secretary of the Treasury shall report on the progress the Secretary is making on the development of procedures under subsection (a) to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate.

TITLE III--TAXPAYER PROTECTION AND RIGHTS

 

 

SEC. 3000. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Bill of Rights 3'.

 

Subtitle A--Burden of Proof

 

 

SEC. 3001. BURDEN OF PROOF.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 76 (relating to judicial proceedings) is amended by adding at the end the following new subchapter:

 

'Subchapter E--Burden of Proof

'Sec. 7491. Burden of proof.

'SEC. 7491. BURDEN OF PROOF.

 

'(a) BURDEN SHIFTS WHERE TAXPAYER PRODUCES CREDIBLE EVIDENCE.--

 

'(1) GENERAL RULE.--If, in any court proceeding, a taxpayer introduces credible evidence with respect to any factual issue relevant to ascertaining the liability of the taxpayer for any tax imposed by subtitle A or B, the Secretary shall have the burden of proof with respect to such issue.

'(2) LIMITATIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to an issue only if--

 

'(A) the taxpayer has complied with the requirements under this title to substantiate any item;

'(B) the taxpayer has maintained all records required under this title and has cooperated with reasonable requests by the Secretary for witnesses, information, documents, meetings, and interviews; and

'(C) in the case of a partnership, corporation, or trust, the taxpayer is described in section 7430(c)(4)(A)(ii).

 

'(3) COORDINATION.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any issue if any other provision of this title provides for a specific burden of proof with respect to such issue.

 

'(b) USE OF STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON UNRELATED TAXPAYERS.--In the case of an individual taxpayer, the Secretary shall have the burden of proof in any court proceeding with respect to any item of income which was reconstructed by the Secretary solely through the use of statistical information on unrelated taxpayers.

'(c) PENALTIES.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the Secretary shall have the burden of production in any court proceeding with respect to the liability of any individual for any penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount imposed by this title.'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of subchapters for chapter 76 is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

 

'SUBCHAPTER E. Burden of proof.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to court proceedings arising in connection with examinations commencing after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) TAXABLE PERIODS OR EVENTS AFTER DATE OF ENACTMENT.--In any case in which there is no examination, such amendments shall apply to court proceedings arising in connection with taxable periods or events beginning or occurring after such date of enactment.

Subtitle B--Proceedings by Taxpayers

 

 

SEC. 3101. EXPANSION OF AUTHORITY TO AWARD COSTS AND CERTAIN FEES.

 

(a) INCREASE IN ATTORNEY'S FEES.--

 

(1) INCREASE IN HOURLY AMOUNT.--Clause (iii) of section 7430(c)(1)(B) (relating to reasonable litigation costs) is amended by striking '$110' and inserting '$125'.

(2) AWARD OF HIGHER ATTORNEY'S FEES BASED ON COMPLEXITY OF ISSUES.--Clause (iii) of section 7430(c)(1)(B) (relating to the award of costs and certain fees) is amended by inserting 'the difficulty of the issues presented in the case, or the local availability of tax expertise,' before 'justifies a higher rate'.

 

(b) AWARD OF ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS INCURRED AFTER 30-DAY LETTER.--Paragraph (2) of section 7430(c) is amended by striking the last sentence and inserting the following new flush sentence:

 

'Such term shall only include costs incurred on or after whichever of the following is the earliest: (i) the date of the receipt by the taxpayer of the notice of the decision of the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals; (ii) the date of the notice of deficiency; or (iii) the date on which the first letter of proposed deficiency which allows the taxpayer an opportunity for administrative review in the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals is sent.'.

 

(c) AWARD OF FEES FOR CERTAIN ADDITIONAL SERVICES.--Paragraph (3) of section 7430(c) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(3) ATTORNEYS FEES.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), fees for the services of an individual (whether or not an attorney) who is authorized to practice before the Tax Court or before the Internal Revenue Service shall be treated as fees for the services of an attorney.

'(B) PRO BONO SERVICES.--The court may award reasonable attorneys fees under subsection (a) in excess of the attorneys fees paid or incurred if such fees are less than the reasonable attorneys fees because an individual is representing the prevailing party for no fee or for a fee which (taking into account all the facts and circumstances) is no more than a nominal fee. This subparagraph shall apply only if such award is paid to such individual or such individual's employer.'.

(d) DETERMINATION OF WHETHER POSITION OF UNITED STATES IS SUBSTANTIALLY JUSTIFIED.--Subparagraph (B) of section 7430(c)(4) is amended by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv) and by inserting after clause (ii) the following new clause:
'(iii) EFFECT OF LOSING ON SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR ISSUES.--In determining for purposes of clause (i) whether the position of the United States was substantially justified, the court shall take into account whether the United States has lost in courts of appeal for other circuits on substantially similar issues.'.
(e) TAXPAYER TREATED AS PREVAILING IF JUDGMENT IS LESS THAN TAXPAYER'S OFFER.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 7430(c)(4) (defining prevailing party) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(E) SPECIAL RULES WHERE JUDGMENT LESS THAN TAXPAYER'S OFFER.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--A party to a court proceeding meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be treated as the prevailing party if the liability of the taxpayer pursuant to the judgment in the proceeding (determined without regard to interest) is equal to or less than the liability of the taxpayer which would have been so determined if the United States had accepted a qualified offer of the party under subsection (g).

'(ii) EXCEPTIONS.--This subparagraph shall not apply to--

 

'(I) any judgment issued pursuant to a settlement; or

'(II) any proceeding in which the amount of tax liability is not in issue, including any declaratory judgment proceeding, any proceeding to enforce or quash any summons issued pursuant to this title, and any action to restrain disclosure under section 6110(f).

 

'(iii) SPECIAL RULES.--If this subparagraph applies to any court proceeding--

 

'(I) the determination under clause (i) shall be made by reference to the last qualified offer made with respect to the tax liability at issue in the proceeding; and

'(II) reasonable administrative and litigation costs shall only include costs incurred on and after the date of such offer.

 

'(iv) COORDINATION.--This subparagraph shall not apply to a party which is a prevailing party under any other provision of this paragraph.'.
(2) QUALIFIED OFFER.--Section 7430 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(g) QUALIFIED OFFER.--For purposes of subsection (c)(4)--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified offer' means a written offer which--

 

'(A) is made by the taxpayer to the United States during the qualified offer period;

'(B) specifies the offered amount of the taxpayer's liability (determined without regard to interest);

'(C) is designated at the time it is made as a qualified offer for purposes of this section; and

'(D) remains open during the period beginning on the date it is made and ending on the earliest of the date the offer is rejected, the date the trial begins, or the 90th day after the date the offer is made.

 

'(2) QUALIFIED OFFER PERIOD.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified offer period' means the period--

 

'(A) beginning on the date on which the first letter of proposed deficiency which allows the taxpayer an opportunity for administrative review in the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals is sent, and

'(B) ending on the date which is 30 days before the date the case is first set for trial.'.

(f) AWARD OF ATTORNEYS FEES IN UNAUTHORIZED INSPECTION AND DISCLOSURE CASES.--Section 7431(c) (relating to damages) is amended by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ', plus', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(3) in the case of a plaintiff which is described in section 7430(c)(4)(A)(ii), reasonable attorneys fees, except that if the defendant is the United States, reasonable attorneys fees may be awarded only if the plaintiff is the prevailing party (as determined under section 7430(c)(4)).'.

 

(g) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to costs incurred (and, in the case of the amendment made by subsection (c), services performed) more than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3102. CIVIL DAMAGES FOR COLLECTION ACTIONS.

 

(a) EXTENSION TO NEGLIGENCE ACTIONS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 7433 (relating to civil damages for certain unauthorized collection actions) is amended--

 

(A) in subsection (a), by inserting ', or by reason of negligence,' after 'recklessly or intentionally'; and

(B) in subsection (b)--

 

(i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting

'($100,000, in the case of negligence)' after '$1,000,000'; and

(ii) in paragraph (1), by inserting 'or negligent' after 'reckless or intentional'.

(2) REQUIREMENT THAT ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES BE EXHAUSTED.--Paragraph (1) of section 7433(d) is amended to read as follows:

'(1) REQUIREMENT THAT ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES BE EXHAUSTED.--A judgment for damages shall not be awarded under subsection (b) unless the court determines that the plaintiff has exhausted the administrative remedies available to such plaintiff within the Internal Revenue Service.'.

 

(b) DAMAGES ALLOWED IN CIVIL ACTIONS BY PERSONS OTHER THAN TAXPAYERS.--Section 7426 is amended by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i) and by adding after subsection (g) the following new subsection:

'(h) RECOVERY OF DAMAGES PERMITTED IN CERTAIN CASES.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding subsection (b), if, in any action brought under this section, there is a finding that any officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service recklessly or intentionally, or by reason of negligence, disregarded any provision of this title the defendant shall be liable to the plaintiff in an amount equal to the lesser of $1,000,000 ($100,000 in the case of negligence) or the sum of--

 

'(A) actual, direct economic damages sustained by the plaintiff as a proximate result of the reckless or intentional or negligent disregard of any provision of this title by the officer or employee (reduced by any amount of such damages awarded under subsection (b)); and

'(B) the costs of the action.

 

'(2) REQUIREMENT THAT ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES BE EXHAUSTED; MITIGATION; PERIOD.--The rules of section 7433(d) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.

'(3) PAYMENT AUTHORITY.--Claims pursuant to this section shall be payable out of funds appropriated under section 1304 of title 31, United States Code.'.

 

(c) CIVIL DAMAGES FOR IRS VIOLATIONS OF BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 7433 (relating to civil damages for certain unauthorized collection actions) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(e) ACTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF CERTAIN BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If, in connection with any collection of Federal tax with respect to a taxpayer, any officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service willfully violates any provision of section 362 (relating to automatic stay) or 524 (relating to effect of discharge) of title 11, United States Code (or any successor provision), or any regulation promulgated under such provision, such taxpayer may petition the bankruptcy court to recover damages against the United States.

'(2) REMEDY TO BE EXCLUSIVE.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), notwithstanding section 105 of such title 11, such petition shall be the exclusive remedy for recovering damages resulting from such actions.

'(B) CERTAIN OTHER ACTIONS PERMITTED.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an action under section 362(h) of such title 11 for a violation of a stay provided by section 362 of such title; except that--

 

'(i) administrative and litigation costs in connection with such an action may only be awarded under section 7430; and

'(ii) administrative costs may be awarded only if incurred on or after the date that the bankruptcy petition is filed.'.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Subsection (b) of section 7433 is amended by inserting 'or petition filed under subsection (e)' after 'subsection (a)'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to actions of officers or employees of the Internal Revenue Service after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3103. INCREASE IN SIZE OF CASES PERMITTED ON SMALL CASE CALENDAR.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7463 (relating to disputes involving $10,000 or less) is amended by striking '$10,000' each place it appears (including the section heading) and inserting '$50,000'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Sections 7436(c)(1) and 7443A(b)(3) are each amended by striking '$10,000' and inserting '$50,000'.

(2) The table of sections for part II of subchapter C of chapter 76 is amended by striking '$10,000' in the item relating to section 7463 and inserting '$50,000'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to proceedings commenced after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3104. ACTIONS FOR REFUND WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ESTATES WHICH HAVE ELECTED THE INSTALLMENT METHOD OF PAYMENT.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7422 is amended by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k) and by inserting after subsection (i) the following new subsection:

'(j) SPECIAL RULE FOR ACTIONS WITH RESPECT TO ESTATES FOR WHICH AN ELECTION UNDER SECTION 6166 IS MADE.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The district courts of the United States and the United States Court of Federal Claims shall not fail to have jurisdiction over any action brought by the representative of an estate to which this subsection applies to determine the correct amount of the estate tax liability of such estate (or for any refund with respect thereto) solely because the full amount of such liability has not been paid by reason of an election under section 6166 with respect to such estate.

'(2) ESTATES TO WHICH SUBSECTION APPLIES.--This subsection shall apply to any estate if, as of the date the action is filed--

 

'(A) no portion of the installments payable under section 6166 have been accelerated;

'(B) all such installments the due date for which is on or before the date the action is filed have been paid;

'(C) there is no case pending in the Tax Court with respect to the tax imposed by section 2001 on the estate and, if a notice of deficiency under section 6212 with respect to such tax has been issued, the time for filing a petition with the Tax Court with respect to such notice has expired; and

'(D) no proceeding for declaratory judgment under section 7479 is pending.

 

'(3) PROHIBITION ON COLLECTION OF DISALLOWED LIABILITY.--If the court redetermines under paragraph (1) the estate tax liability of an estate, no part of such liability which is disallowed by a decision of such court which has become final may be collected by the Secretary, and amounts paid in excess of the installments determined by the court as currently due and payable shall be refunded.'.

 

(b) EXTENSION OF TIME TO FILE REFUND SUIT.--Section 7479 (relating to declaratory judgments relating to eligibility of estate with respect to installment payments under section 6166) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(c) EXTENSION OF TIME TO FILE REFUND SUIT.--The 2-year period in section 6532(a)(1) for filing suit for refund after disallowance of a claim shall be suspended during the 90-day period after the mailing of the notice referred to in subsection (b)(3) and, if a pleading has been filed with the Tax Court under this section, until the decision of the Tax Court has become final.'.

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to any claim for refund filed after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3105. ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL OF ADVERSE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE DETERMINATION OF TAX-EXEMPT STATUS OF BOND ISSUE.

The Internal Revenue Service shall amend its administrative procedures to provide that if, upon examination, the Internal Revenue Service proposes to an issuer that interest on previously issued obligations of such issuer is not excludable from gross income under section 103(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the issuer of such obligations shall have an administrative appeal of right to a senior officer of the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals.

SEC. 3106. CIVIL ACTION FOR RELEASE OF ERRONEOUS LIEN.

 

(a) RIGHT OF SUBSTITUTION OF VALUE.--Subsection (b) of section 6325 (relating to release of lien or discharge of property) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(4) RIGHT OF SUBSTITUTION OF VALUE.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--At the request of the owner of any property subject to any lien imposed by this chapter, the Secretary shall issue a certificate of discharge of such property if such owner--

 

'(i) deposits with the Secretary an amount of money equal to the value of the interest of the United States (as determined by the Secretary) in the property; or

'(ii) furnishes a bond acceptable to the Secretary in a like amount.

 

'(B) REFUND OF DEPOSIT WITH INTEREST AND RELEASE OF BOND.--The Secretary shall refund the amount so deposited (and shall pay interest at the overpayment rate under section 6621), and shall release such bond, to the extent that the Secretary determines that--

 

'(i) the unsatisfied liability giving rise to the lien can be satisfied from a source other than such property; or

'(ii) the value of the interest of the United States in the property is less than the Secretary's prior determination of such value.

 

'(C) USE OF DEPOSIT, ETC., IF ACTION TO CONTEST LIEN NOT FILED.--If no action is filed under section 7426(a)(4) within the period prescribed therefor, the Secretary shall, within 60 days after the expiration of such period--

 

'(i) apply the amount deposited, or collect on such bond, to the extent necessary to satisfy the unsatisfied liability secured by the lien; and

'(ii) refund (with interest as described in subparagraph (B)) any portion of the amount deposited which is not used to satisfy such liability.

 

'(D) EXCEPTION.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if the owner of the property is the person whose unsatisfied liability gave rise to the lien.'.
(b) CIVIL ACTION TO RELEASE ERRONEOUS LIEN.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a) of section 7426 (relating to civil actions by persons other than taxpayers) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(4) SUBSTITUTION OF VALUE.--If a certificate of discharge is issued to any person under section 6325(b)(4) with respect to any property, such person may, within 120 days after the day on which such certificate is issued, bring a civil action against the United States in a district court of the United States for a determination of whether the value of the interest of the United States (if any) in such property is less than the value determined by the Secretary. No other action may be brought by such person for such a determination.'.

(2) FORM OF RELIEF.--

 

(A) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (b) of section 7426 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(5) SUBSTITUTION OF VALUE.--If the court determines that the Secretary's determination of the value of the interest of the United States in the property for purposes of section 6325(b)(4) exceeds the actual value of such interest, the court shall grant a judgment ordering a refund of the amount deposited, and a release of the bond, to the extent that the aggregate of the amounts thereof exceeds such value determined by the court.'.

 

(B) INTEREST ALLOWED ON REFUND OF DEPOSIT.--Subsection (g) of section 7426 is amended by striking 'and' at the end of paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting '; and', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(3) in the case of a judgment pursuant to subsection (b)(5) which orders a refund of any amount, from the date the Secretary received such amount to the date of payment of such judgment.'.

(3) SUSPENSION OF RUNNING OF STATUTE OF LIMITATION.--Subsection (f) of section 6503 is amended to read as follows:

 

'(f) WRONGFUL SEIZURE OF OR LIEN ON PROPERTY OF THIRD PARTY.--

 

'(1) WRONGFUL SEIZURE.--The running of the period under section 6502 shall be suspended for a period equal to the period from the date property (including money) of a third party is wrongfully seized or received by the Secretary to the date the Secretary returns property pursuant to section 6343(b) or the date on which a judgment secured pursuant to section 7426 with respect to such property becomes final, and for 30 days thereafter. The running of such period shall be suspended under this paragraph only with respect to the amount of such assessment equal to the amount of money or the value of specific property returned.

'(2) WRONGFUL LIEN.--In the case of any assessment for which a lien was made on any property, the running of the period under section 6502 shall be suspended for a period equal to the period beginning on the date any person becomes entitled to a certificate under section 6325(b)(4) with respect to such property and ending on the date which is 30 days after the earlier of--

 

'(A) the earliest date on which the Secretary no longer holds any amount as a deposit or bond provided under section 6325(b)(4) by reason of such deposit or bond being used to satisfy the unpaid tax or being refunded or released; or

'(B) the date that the judgment secured under section 7426(b)(5) becomes final.

 

The running of such period shall be suspended under this paragraph only with respect to the amount of such assessment equal to the value of the interest of the United States in the property plus interest, penalties, additions to the tax, and additional amounts attributable thereto.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
Subtitle C--Relief for Innocent Spouses and for Taxpayers Unable To Manage Their Financial Affairs Due to Disabilities

 

 

SEC. 3201. RELIEF FROM JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY ON JOINT RETURN.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subpart B of part II of subchapter A of chapter 61 is amended by inserting after section 6014 the following new section:

 

'SEC. 6015. RELIEF FROM JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY ON JOINT RETURN.

 

'(a) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding section 6013(d)(3)--

 

'(1) an individual who has made a joint return may elect to seek relief under the procedures prescribed under subsection (b); and

'(2) if such individual is eligible to elect the application of subsection (c), such individual may, in addition to any election under paragraph (1), elect to limit such individual's liability for any deficiency with respect to such joint return in the manner prescribed under subsection (c). Any determination under this section shall be made without regard to community property laws.

 

'(b) PROCEDURES FOR RELIEF FROM LIABILITY APPLICABLE TO ALL JOINT FILERS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Under procedures prescribed by the Secretary, if--

 

'(A) a joint return has been made for a taxable year;

'(B) on such return there is an understatement of tax attributable to erroneous items of one individual filing the joint return;

'(C) the other individual filing the joint return establishes that in signing the return he or she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was such understatement;

'(D) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other individual liable for the deficiency in tax for such taxable year attributable to such understatement; and

'(E) the other individual elects (in such form as the Secretary may prescribe) the benefits of this subsection not later than the date which is 2 years after the date the Secretary has begun collection activities with respect to the individual making the election, then the other individual shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) for such taxable year to the extent such liability is attributable to such understatement.

 

'(2) APPORTIONMENT OF RELIEF.--If an individual who, but for paragraph (1)(C), would be relieved of liability under paragraph (1), establishes that in signing the return such individual did not know, and had no reason to know, the extent of such understatement, then such individual shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) for such taxable year to the extent that such liability is attributable to the portion of such understatement of which such individual did not know and had no reason to know.

'(3) UNDERSTATEMENT.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'understatement' has the meaning given to such term by section 6662(d)(2)(A).

 

'(c) PROCEDURES TO LIMIT LIABILITY FOR TAXPAYERS NO LONGER MARRIED OR TAXPAYERS LEGALLY SEPARATED OR NOT LIVING TOGETHER.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this subsection, if an individual who has made a joint return for any taxable year elects the application of this subsection, the individual's liability for any deficiency which is assessed with respect to the return shall not exceed the portion of such deficiency properly allocable to the individual under subsection (d).

'(2) BURDEN OF PROOF.--Except as provided in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (C) of paragraph (3), each individual who elects the application of this subsection shall have the burden of proof with respect to establishing the portion of any deficiency allocable to such individual.

'(3) ELECTION.--

 

'(A) INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE TO MAKE ELECTION.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--An individual shall only be eligible to elect the application of this subsection if--

 

'(I) at the time such election is filed, such individual is no longer married to, or is legally separated from, the individual with whom such individual filed the joint return to which the election relates; or

'(II) such individual was not a member of the same household as the individual with whom such joint return was filed at any time during the 12-month period ending on the date such election is filed.

 

'(ii) CERTAIN TAXPAYERS INELIGIBLE TO ELECT.--If the Secretary demonstrates that assets were transferred between individuals filing a joint return as part of a fraudulent scheme by such individuals, an election under this subsection by either individual shall be invalid (and section 6013(d)(3) shall apply to the joint return).

 

'(B) TIME FOR ELECTION.--An election under this subsection for any taxable year shall be made not later than 2 years after the date on which the Secretary has begun collection activities with respect to the individual making the election.

'(C) ELECTION NOT VALID WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN DEFICIENCIES.--If the Secretary demonstrates that an individual making an election under this subsection had actual knowledge, at the time such individual signed the return, of any item giving rise to a deficiency (or portion thereof) which is not allocable to such individual under subsection (d), such election shall not apply to such deficiency (or portion). This subparagraph shall not apply where the individual with actual knowledge establishes that such individual signed the return under duress.

 

'(4) LIABILITY INCREASED BY REASON OF TRANSFERS OF PROPERTY TO AVOID TAX.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the portion of the deficiency for which the individual electing the application of this subsection is liable (without regard to this paragraph) shall be increased by the value of any disqualified asset transferred to the individual.

'(B) DISQUALIFIED ASSET.--For purposes of this paragraph--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'disqualified asset' means any property or right to property transferred to an individual making the election under this subsection with respect to a joint return by the other individual filing such joint return if the principal purpose of the transfer was the avoidance of tax or payment of tax.

'(ii) PRESUMPTION.--

 

'(I) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of clause (i), except as provided in subclause (II), any transfer which is made after the date which is 1 year before the date on which the first letter of proposed deficiency which allows the taxpayer an opportunity for administrative review in the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals is sent shall be presumed to have as its principal purpose the avoidance of tax or payment of tax.

'(II) EXCEPTIONS.--Subclause (I) shall not apply to any transfer pursuant to a decree of divorce or separate maintenance or a written instrument incident to such a decree or to any transfer which an individual establishes did not have as its principal purpose the avoidance of tax or payment of tax.

'(d) ALLOCATION OF DEFICIENCY.--For purposes of sub-section (c)--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The portion of any deficiency on a joint return allocated to an individual shall be the amount which bears the same ratio to such deficiency as the net amount of items taken into account in computing the deficiency and allocable to the individual under paragraph (3) bears to the net amount of all items taken into account in computing the deficiency.

'(2) SEPARATE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ITEMS.--If a deficiency (or portion thereof) is attributable to--

 

'(A) the disallowance of a credit; or

'(B) any tax (other than tax imposed by section 1 or 55) required to be included with the joint return;

 

and such item is allocated to one individual under paragraph (3), such deficiency (or portion) shall be allocated to such individual. Any such item shall not be taken into account under paragraph (1).

'(3) ALLOCATION OF ITEMS GIVING RISE TO THE DEFICIENCY.--For purposes of this subsection--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), any item giving rise to a deficiency on a joint return shall be allocated to individuals filing the return in the same manner as it would have been allocated if the individuals had filed separate returns for the taxable year.

'(B) EXCEPTION WHERE OTHER SPOUSE BENEFITS.--Under rules prescribed by the Secretary, an item otherwise allocable to an individual under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated to the other individual filing the joint return to the extent the item gave rise to a tax benefit on the joint return to the other individual.

'(C) EXCEPTION FOR FRAUD.--The Secretary may provide for an allocation of any item in a manner not prescribed by subparagraph (A) if the Secretary establishes that such allocation is appropriate due to fraud of one or both individuals.

 

'(4) LIMITATIONS ON SEPARATE RETURNS DISREGARDED.--If an item of deduction or credit is disallowed in its entirety solely because a separate return is filed, such disallowance shall be disregarded and the item shall be computed as if a joint return had been filed and then allocated between the spouses appropriately. A similar rule shall apply for purposes of section 86.

'(5) CHILD'S LIABILITY.--If the liability of a child of a taxpayer is included on a joint return, such liability shall be disregarded in computing the separate liability of either spouse and such liability shall be allocated appropriately between the spouses.

 

'(e) PETITION FOR REVIEW BY TAX COURT.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of an individual who elects to have subsection (b) or (c) apply--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The individual may petition the Tax Court (and the Tax Court shall have jurisdiction) to determine the appropriate relief available to the individual under this section if such petition is filed during the 90-day period beginning on the date on which the Secretary mails by certified or registered mail a notice to such individual of the Secretary's determination of relief available to the individual. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, an individual may file such petition at any time after the date which is 6 months after the date such election is filed with the Secretary and before the close of such 90-day period.

'(B) RESTRICTIONS APPLICABLE TO COLLECTION OF ASSESSMENT.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in section 6851 or 6861, no levy or proceeding in court shall be made, begun, or prosecuted against the individual making an election under subsection (b) or (c) for collection of any assessment to which such election relates until the expiration of the 90-day period described in subparagraph (A), or, if a petition has been filed with the Tax Court, until the decision of the Tax Court has become final. Rules similar to the rules of section 7485 shall apply with respect to the collection of such assessment.

'(ii) AUTHORITY TO ENJOIN COLLECTION ACTIONS.--Notwithstanding the provisions of section 7421(a), the beginning of such levy or proceeding during the time the prohibition under clause (i) is in force may be enjoined by a proceeding in the proper court, including the Tax Court.

 

The Tax Court shall have no jurisdiction under this subparagraph to enjoin any action or proceeding unless a timely petition has been filed under subparagraph (A) and then only in respect of the amount of the assessment to which the election under subsection (b) or (c) relates.

 

'(2) SUSPENSION OF RUNNING OF PERIOD OF LIMITATIONS.--The running of the period of limitations in section 6502 on the collection of the assessment to which the petition under paragraph (1)(A) relates shall be suspended for the period during which the Secretary is prohibited by paragraph (1)(B) from collecting by levy or a proceeding in court and for 60 days thereafter.

'(3) APPLICABLE RULES.-

 

'(A) ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT OR REFUND.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), notwithstanding any other law or rule of law (other than section 6512(b), 7121, or 7122), credit or refund shall be allowed or made to the extent attributable to the application of this section.

'(B) RES JUDICATA.--In the case of any election under subsection (b) or (c), if a decision of the Tax Court in any prior proceeding for the same taxable year has become final, such decision shall be conclusive except with respect to the qualification of the individual for relief which was not an issue in such proceeding. The exception contained in the preceding sentence shall not apply if the Tax Court determines that the individual participated meaningfully in such prior proceeding.

'(C) LIMITATION ON TAX COURT JURISDICTION.--If a suit for refund is begun by either individual filing the joint return pursuant to section 6532--

 

'(i) the Tax Court shall lose jurisdiction of the individual's action under this section to whatever extent jurisdiction is acquired by the district court or the United States Court of Federal Claims over the taxable years that are the subject of the suit for refund; and

'(ii) the court acquiring jurisdiction shall have jurisdiction over the petition filed under this subsection.

'(4) NOTICE TO OTHER SPOUSE.--The Tax Court shall establish rules which provide the individual filing a joint return but not making the election under subsection (b) or (c) with adequate notice and an opportunity to become a party to a proceeding under either such subsection.

 

'(f) EQUITABLE RELIEF.--Under procedures prescribed by the Secretary, if--

 

'(1) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the individual liable for any unpaid tax or any deficiency (or any portion of either); and

'(2) relief is not available to such individual under subsection (b) or (c), the Secretary may relieve such individual of such liability.

 

'(g) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including--

 

'(1) regulations providing methods for allocation of items other than the methods under subsection (d)(3); and

'(2) regulations providing the opportunity for an individual to have notice of, and an opportunity to participate in, any administrative proceeding with respect to an election made under subsection (b) or (c) by the other individual filing the joint return.'.

 

(b) EQUITABLE RELIEF FOR INDIVIDUALS NOT FILING JOINT RETURN.--Section 66(c) (relating to spouse relieved of liability in certain other cases) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence:

 

'Under procedures prescribed by the Secretary, if, taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the individual liable for any unpaid tax or any deficiency (or any portion of either) attributable to any item for which relief is not available under the preceding sentence, the Secretary may relieve such individual of such liability.'.

 

(c) SEPARATE FORM FOR APPLYING FOR SPOUSAL RELIEF.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall develop a separate form with instructions for use by taxpayers in applying for relief under section 6015(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section.

(d) SEPARATE NOTICE TO EACH FILER.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall, wherever practicable, send any notice relating to a joint return under section 6013 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 separately to each individual filing the joint return.

(e) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Section 6013 is amended by striking subsection (e).

(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 6230(c)(5) is amended by striking 'section 6013(e)' and inserting 'section 6015'.

(3) Section 7421(a) is amended by inserting '6015(d),' after 'sections'.

 

(f) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subpart B of part II of subchapter A of chapter 61 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 6014 the following new item:

 

'Sec. 6015. Relief from joint and several liability on joint return.'.

 

(g) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to any liability for tax arising after the date of the enactment of this Act and any liability for tax arising on or before such date but remaining unpaid as of such date.

(2) 2-YEAR PERIOD.--The 2-year period under subsection (b)(1)(E) or (c)(3)(B) of section 6015 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall not expire before the date which is 2 years after the date of the first collection activity after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 3202. SUSPENSION OF STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ON FILING REFUND CLAIMS DURING PERIODS OF DISABILITY.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6511 (relating to limitations on credit or refund) is amended by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i) and by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsection:

'(h) RUNNING OF PERIODS OF LIMITATION SUSPENDED WHILE TAXPAYER IS UNABLE TO MANAGE FINANCIAL AFFAIRS DUE TO DISABILITY.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of an individual, the running of the periods specified in subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall be suspended during any period of such individual's life that such individual is financially disabled.

'(2) FINANCIALLY DISABLED.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of paragraph (1), an individual is financially disabled if such individual is unable to manage his financial affairs by reason of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment of the individual which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. An individual shall not be considered to have such an impairment unless proof of the existence thereof is furnished in such form and manner as the Secretary may require.

'(B) EXCEPTION WHERE INDIVIDUAL HAS GUARDIAN, ETC.--An individual shall not be treated as financially disabled during any period that such individual's spouse or any other person is authorized to act on behalf of such individual in financial matters.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to periods of disability before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act but shall not apply to any claim for credit or refund which (without regard to such amendment) is barred by the operation of any law or rule of law (including res judicata) as of the date of the enactment of this Act.
Subtitle D--Provisions Relating to Interest and Penalties

 

 

SEC. 3301. ELIMINATION OF INTEREST RATE DIFFERENTIAL ON OVERLAPPING PERIODS OF INTEREST ON TAX OVERPAYMENTS AND UNDERPAYMENTS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6621 (relating to determination of rate of interest) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(d) ELIMINATION OF INTEREST ON OVERLAPPING PERIODS OF TAX OVERPAYMENTS AND UNDERPAYMENTS.--To the extent that, for any period, interest is payable under subchapter A and allowable under subchapter B on equivalent underpayments and overpayments by the same taxpayer of tax imposed by this title, the net rate of interest under this section on such amounts shall be zero for such period.'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Subsection (f) of section 6601 (relating to satisfaction by credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'The preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent that section 6621(d) applies.'.

(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided under paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to interest for periods beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) SPECIAL RULE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to interest for periods beginning before the date of the enactment of this Act if the taxpayer--

 

(A) reasonably identifies and establishes periods of such tax overpayments and underpayments for which the zero rate applies; and

(B) not later than December 31, 1999, requests the Secretary of the Treasury to apply section 6621(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by subsection (a), to such periods.

SEC. 3302. INCREASE IN OVERPAYMENT RATE PAYABLE TO TAXPAYERS OTHER THAN CORPORATIONS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (B) of section 6621(a)(1) (defining overpayment rate) is amended to read as follows:
'(B) 3 percentage points (2 percentage points in the case of a corporation).'.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to interest for the second and succeeding calendar quarters beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3303. MITIGATION OF PENALTY ON INDIVIDUAL'S FAILURE TO PAY FOR MONTHS DURING PERIOD OF INSTALLMENT AGREEMENT.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6651 (relating to failure to file tax return or to pay tax) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(h) LIMITATION ON PENALTY ON INDIVIDUAL'S FAILURE TO PAY FOR MONTHS DURING PERIOD OF INSTALLMENT AGREEMENT.--In the case of an individual who files a return of tax on or before the due date for the return (including extensions), paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a) shall each be applied by substituting '0.25' for '0.5' each place it appears for purposes of determining the addition to tax for any month during which an installment agreement under section 6159 is in effect for the payment of such tax.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply for purposes of determining additions to the tax for months beginning after December 31, 1999.

 

SEC. 3304. MITIGATION OF FAILURE TO DEPOSIT PENALTY.

 

(a) TAXPAYER MAY DESIGNATE PERIODS TO WHICH DEPOSITS APPLY.--Section 6656 (relating to underpayment of deposits) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(e) DESIGNATION OF PERIODS TO WHICH DEPOSITS APPLY.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--A person may, with respect to any deposit of tax to be reported on such person's return for a specified tax period, designate the period or periods within such specified tax period to which the deposit is to be applied for purposes of this section.

'(2) TIME FOR MAKING DESIGNATION.--A person may make a designation under paragraph (1) only during the 90-day period beginning on the date of a notice that a penalty under subsection (a) has been imposed for the specified tax period to which the deposit relates.'.

 

(b) EXPANSION OF EXEMPTION FOR FIRST-TIME DEPOSITS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (2) of section 6656(c) (relating to exemption for first-time depositors of employment taxes) is amended to read as follows:

'(2) such failure--

 

'(A) occurs during the first quarter that such person was required to deposit any employment tax; or

'(B) if such person is required to change the frequency of deposits of any employment tax, relates to the first deposit to which such change applies, and'.

(c) PERIODS APPLY TO CURRENT LIABILITIES UNLESS DESIGNATED OTHERWISE.--Paragraph (1) of section 6656(e) (as added by subsection (a) of this section) is amended to read as follows:

'(e) DESIGNATION OF PERIODS TO WHICH DEPOSITS APPLY.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--A deposit made under this section shall be applied to the most recent period or periods within the specified tax period to which the deposit relates, unless the person making such deposit designates a different period or periods to which such deposit is to be applied.'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to deposits required to be made after the 180th day after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) APPLICATION TO CURRENT LIABILITIES.--The amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to deposits required to be made after December 31, 2001.

SEC. 3305. SUSPENSION OF INTEREST AND CERTAIN PENALTIES WHERE SECRETARY FAILS TO CONTACT INDIVIDUAL TAXPAYER.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6404 (relating to abatements) is amended by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h) and by inserting after subsection (f) the following new subsection:

'(g) SUSPENSION OF INTEREST AND CERTAIN PENALTIES WHERE SECRETARY FAILS TO CONTACT TAXPAYER.--

 

'(1) SUSPENSION.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of an individual who files a return of tax imposed by subtitle A for a taxable year on or before the due date for the return (including extensions), if the Secretary does not provide a notice to the taxpayer specifically stating the taxpayer's liability and the basis for the liability before the close of the 1-year period (18-month period in the case of taxable years beginning before January 1, 2004) beginning on the later of--

 

'(i) the date on which the return is filed; or

'(ii) the due date of the return without regard to extensions,

 

the Secretary shall suspend the imposition of any interest, penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount with respect to any failure relating to the return which is computed by reference to the period of time the failure continues to exist and which is properly allocable to the suspension period.

'(B) SEPARATE APPLICATION.--This paragraph shall be applied separately with respect to each item or adjustment.

 

'(2) EXCEPTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to--

 

'(A) any penalty imposed by section 6651;

'(B) any interest, penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount in a case involving fraud;

'(C) any interest, penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount with respect to any tax liability shown on the return; or

'(D) any criminal penalty.

 

'(3) SUSPENSION PERIOD.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'suspension period' means the period--

 

'(A) beginning on the day after the close of the 1-year period (18-month period in the case of taxable years beginning before January 1, 2004) under paragraph (1); and

'(B) ending on the date which is 21 days after the date on which notice described in paragraph (1)(A) is provided by the Secretary.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3306. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPOSITION OF PENALTIES AND ADDITIONS TO TAX.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 68 (relating to additions to the tax, additional amounts, and assessable penalties) is amended by adding at the end the following new subchapter:

 

'Subchapter C--Procedural Requirements

'Sec. 6751. Procedural requirements.

'SEC. 6751. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS.

 

'(a) COMPUTATION OF PENALTY INCLUDED IN NOTICE.--The Secretary shall include with each notice of penalty under this title information with respect to the name of the penalty, the section of this title under which the penalty is imposed, and a computation of the penalty.

'(b) APPROVAL OF ASSESSMENT.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--No penalty under this title shall be assessed unless the initial determination of such assessment is personally approved (in writing) by the immediate supervisor of the individual making such determination or such higher level official as the Secretary may designate.

'(2) EXCEPTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to--

 

'(A) any addition to tax under section 6651, 6654, or 6655; or

'(B) any other penalty automatically calculated through electronic means.

'(c) PENALTIES.--For purposes of this section, the term 'penalty' includes any addition to tax or any additional amount.'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of subchapters for chapter 68 is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

 

'SUBCHAPTER C. Procedural requirements.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to notices issued, and penalties assessed, after December 31, 2000.

 

SEC. 3307. PERSONAL DELIVERY OF NOTICE OF PENALTY UNDER SECTION 6672.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 6672(b) (relating to failure to collect and pay over tax, or attempt to evade or defeat tax) is amended by inserting 'or in person' after 'section 6212(b)'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Paragraph (2) of section 6672(b) is amended by inserting '(or, in the case of such a notice delivered in person, such delivery)' after 'paragraph (1)'.

(2) Paragraph (3) of section 6672(b) is amended by inserting 'or delivered in person' after 'mailed' each place it appears.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3308. NOTICE OF INTEREST CHARGES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 67 (relating to interest) is amended by adding at the end the following new subchapter:

 

'Subchapter D--Notice requirements

'Sec. 6631. Notice requirements.

'SEC. 6631. NOTICE REQUIREMENTS.

'The Secretary shall include with each notice to an individual taxpayer which includes an amount of interest required to be paid by such taxpayer under this title information with respect to the section of this title under which the interest is imposed and a computation of the interest.'.

 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of subchapters for chapter 67 is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

 

'SUBCHAPTER D. NOTICE REQUIREMENTS.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to notices issued after December 31, 2000.

 

SEC. 3309. ABATEMENT OF INTEREST ON UNDERPAYMENTS BY TAXPAYERS IN PRESIDENTIALLY DECLARED DISASTER AREAS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6404 (relating to abatements), as amended by section 3305, is amended by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i) and by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsection:

'(h) ABATEMENT OF INTEREST ON UNDERPAYMENTS BY TAXPAYERS IN PRESIDENTIALLY DECLARED DISASTER AREAS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If the Secretary extends for any period the time for filing income tax returns under section 6081 and the time for paying income tax with respect to such returns under section 6161 for any taxpayer located in a Presidentially declared disaster area, the Secretary shall abate for such period the assessment of any interest prescribed under section 6601 on such income tax.

'(2) PRESIDENTIALLY DECLARED DISASTER AREA.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'Presidentially declared disaster area' means, with respect to any taxpayer, any area which the President has determined warrants assistance by the Federal Government under the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to disasters declared after December 31, 1997, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

(c) EMERGENCY DESIGNATION.--

 

(1) For the purposes of section 252(e) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, Congress designates the provisions of this section as an emergency requirement.

(2) The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall only take effect upon the transmittal by the President to the Congress of a message designating the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 252(e) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act.

Subtitle E--Protections for Taxpayers Subject to Audit or Collection Activities

 

 

PART I--DUE PROCESS

 

 

SEC. 3401. DUE PROCESS IN INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE COLLECTION ACTIONS.

 

(a) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR HEARING UPON FILING OF NOTICE OF LIEN.--Subchapter C of chapter 64 (relating to lien for taxes) is amended by inserting before the table of sections the following:

 

'Part I. Due process for liens. 'Part II. Liens.
'PART I--DUE PROCESS FOR LIENS

'Sec. 6320. Notice and opportunity for hearing upon filing of notice of lien.

'SEC. 6320. NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR HEARING UPON FILING OF NOTICE OF LIEN.

 

'(a) REQUIREMENT OF NOTICE.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary shall notify in writing the person described in section 6321 of the filing of a notice of lien under section 6323.

'(2) TIME AND METHOD FOR NOTICE.--The notice required under paragraph (1) shall be--

 

'(A) given in person;

'(B) left at the dwelling or usual place of business of such person; or

'(C) sent by certified or registered mail to such person's last known address,

 

not more than 5 business days after the day of the filing of the notice of lien.

'(3) INFORMATION INCLUDED WITH NOTICE.--The notice required under paragraph (1) shall include in simple and nontechnical terms--

 

'(A) the amount of unpaid tax;

'(B) the right of the person to request a hearing during the 30-day period beginning on the day after the 5-day period described in paragraph (2);

'(C) the administrative appeals available to the taxpayer with respect to such lien and the procedures relating to such appeals; and

'(D) the provisions of this title and procedures relating to the release of liens on property.

'(b) RIGHT TO FAIR HEARING.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If the person requests a hearing under subsection (a)(3)(B), such hearing shall be held by the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals.

'(2) ONE HEARING PER PERIOD.--A person shall be entitled to only one hearing under this section with respect to the taxable period to which the unpaid tax specified in subsection (a)(3)(A) relates.

'(3) IMPARTIAL OFFICER.--The hearing under this subsection shall be conducted by an officer or employee who has had no prior involvement with respect to the unpaid tax specified in subsection (a)(3)(A) before the first hearing under this section or section 6330. A taxpayer may waive the requirement of this paragraph.

'(4) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 6330.--To the extent practicable, a hearing under this section shall be held in conjunction with a hearing under section 6330.

 

'(c) CONDUCT OF HEARING; REVIEW; SUSPENSIONS.--For purposes of this section, subsections (c), (d) (other than paragraph (2)(B) thereof), and (e) of section 6330 shall apply.

 

'PART II--LIENS'.

 

(b) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR HEARING BEFORE LEVY.--Subchapter D of chapter 64 (relating to seizure of property for collection of taxes) is amended by inserting before the table of sections the following:

 

'Part I. Due process for collections.

'Part II. Levy.

'PART I--DUE PROCESS FOR COLLECTIONS

 

'Sec. 6330. Notice and opportunity for hearing before levy.

 

'SEC. 6330. NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR HEARING BEFORE LEVY.

 

'(a) REQUIREMENT OF NOTICE BEFORE LEVY.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--No levy may be made on any property or right to property of any person unless the Secretary has notified such person in writing of their right to a hearing under this section before such levy is made. Such notice shall be required only once for the taxable period to which the unpaid tax specified in paragraph (3)(A) relates.

'(2) TIME AND METHOD FOR NOTICE.--The notice required under paragraph (1) shall be--

 

'(A) given in person;

'(B) left at the dwelling or usual place of business of such person; or

'(C) sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to such person's last known address;

 

not less than 30 days before the day of the first levy with respect to the amount of the unpaid tax for the taxable period.

'(3) INFORMATION INCLUDED WITH NOTICE.--The notice required under paragraph (1) shall include in simple and nontechnical terms--

 

'(A) the amount of unpaid tax;

'(B) the right of the person to request a hearing during the 30-day period under paragraph (2); and

'(C) the proposed action by the Secretary and the rights of the person with respect to such action, including a brief statement which sets forth--

 

'(i) the provisions of this title relating to levy and sale of property;

'(ii) the procedures applicable to the levy and sale of property under this title;

'(iii) the administrative appeals available to the taxpayer with respect to such levy and sale and the procedures relating to such appeals;

'(iv) the alternatives available to taxpayers which could prevent levy on property (including installment agreements under section 6159); and

'(v) the provisions of this title and procedures relating to redemption of property and release of liens on property.

'(b) RIGHT TO FAIR HEARING.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If the person requests a hearing under subsection (a)(3)(B), such hearing shall be held by the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals.

'(2) ONE HEARING PER PERIOD.--A person shall be entitled to only one hearing under this section with respect to the taxable period to which the unpaid tax specified in subsection (a)(3)(A) relates.

'(3) IMPARTIAL OFFICER.--The hearing under this subsection shall be conducted by an officer or employee who has had no prior involvement with respect to the unpaid tax specified in subsection (a)(3)(A) before the first hearing under this section or section 6320. A taxpayer may waive the requirement of this paragraph.

 

'(c) MATTERS CONSIDERED AT HEARING.--In the case of any hearing conducted under this section--

 

'(1) REQUIREMENT OF INVESTIGATION.--The appeals officer shall at the hearing obtain verification from the Secretary that the requirements of any applicable law or administrative procedure have been met.

'(2) ISSUES AT HEARING.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The person may raise at the hearing any relevant issue relating to the unpaid tax or the proposed levy, including--

 

'(i) appropriate spousal defenses;

'(ii) challenges to the appropriateness of collection actions; and

'(iii) offers of collection alternatives, which may include the posting of a bond, the substitution of other assets, an installment agreement, or an offer-in-compromise.

 

'(B) UNDERLYING LIABILITY.--The person may also raise at the hearing challenges to the existence or amount of the underlying tax liability for any tax period if the person did not receive any statutory notice of deficiency for such tax liability or did not otherwise have an opportunity to dispute such tax liability.

 

'(3) BASIS FOR THE DETERMINATION.--The determination by an appeals officer under this subsection shall take into consideration--

 

'(A) the verification presented under paragraph (1);

'(B) the issues raised under paragraph (2); and

'(C) whether any proposed collection action balances the need for the efficient collection of taxes with the legitimate concern of the person that any collection action be no more intrusive than necessary.

 

'(4) CERTAIN ISSUES PRECLUDED.--An issue may not be raised at the hearing if--

 

'(A) the issue was raised and considered at a previous hearing under section 6320 or in any other previous administrative or judicial proceeding; and

'(B) the person seeking to raise the issue participated meaningfully in such hearing or proceeding.

 

This paragraph shall not apply to any issue with respect to which subsection (d)(2)(B) applies.

 

'(d) PROCEEDING AFTER HEARING.--

 

'(1) JUDICIAL REVIEW OF DETERMINATION.--The person may, within 30 days of a determination under this section, appeal such determination--

 

'(A) to the Tax Court (and the Tax Court shall have jurisdiction to hear such matter); or

'(B) if the Tax Court does not have jurisdiction of the underlying tax liability, to a district court of the United States.

 

If a court determines that the appeal was to an incorrect court, a person shall have 30 days after the court determination to file such appeal with the correct court.

'(2) JURISDICTION RETAINED AT IRS OFFICE OF APPEALS.--The Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals shall retain jurisdiction with respect to any determination made under this section, including subsequent hearings requested by the person who requested the original hearing on issues regarding--

 

'(A) collection actions taken or proposed with respect to such determination; and

'(B) after the person has exhausted all administrative remedies, a change in circumstances with respect to such person which affects such determination.

'(e) SUSPENSION OF COLLECTIONS AND STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), if a hearing is requested under subsection (a)(3)(B), the levy actions which are the subject of the requested hearing and the running of any period of limitations under section 6502 (relating to collection after assessment), section 6531 (relating to criminal prosecutions), or section 6532 (relating to other suits) shall be suspended for the period during which such hearing, and appeals therein, are pending. In no event shall any such period expire before the 90th day after the day on which there is a final determination in such hearing.

'(2) LEVY UPON APPEAL.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a levy action while an appeal is pending if the underlying tax liability is not at issue in the appeal and the court determines that the Secretary has shown good cause not to suspend the levy.

 

'(f) JEOPARDY AND STATE REFUND COLLECTION.--If--

 

'(1) the Secretary has made a finding under the last sentence of section 6331(a) that the collection of tax is in jeopardy; or

'(2) the Secretary has served a levy on a State to collect a Federal tax liability from a State tax refund, this section shall not apply, except that the taxpayer shall be given the opportunity for the hearing described in this section within a reasonable period of time after the levy.

'PART II--LEVY'.

 

(c) REVIEW BY SPECIAL TRIAL JUDGES ALLOWED.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 7443(b) (relating to proceedings which may be assigned to special trial judges) is amended by striking 'and' at the end of paragraph (3), by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5), and by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new paragraph:

'(4) any proceeding under section 6320 or 6330, and'.

(2) AUTHORITY TO MAKE DECISIONS.--Section 7443(c) (relating to authority to make court decisions) is amended by striking 'or (3)' and inserting '(3), or (4)'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to collection actions initiated after the date which is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
PART II--EXAMINATION ACTIVITIES

 

 

SEC. 3411. CONFIDENTIALITY PRIVILEGES RELATING TO TAXPAYER COMMUNICATIONS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 77 (relating to miscellaneous provisions) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

 

'SEC. 7525. CONFIDENTIALITY PRIVILEGES RELATING TO TAXPAYER COMMUNICATIONS.

 

'(a) UNIFORM APPLICATION TO TAXPAYER COMMUNICATIONS WITH FEDERALLY AUTHORIZED PRACTITIONERS.--

 

'(1) GENERAL RULE.--With respect to tax advice, the same common law protections of confidentiality which apply to a communication between a taxpayer and an attorney shall also apply to a communication between a taxpayer and any federally authorized tax practitioner to the extent the communication would be considered a privileged communication if it were between a taxpayer and an attorney.

'(2) LIMITATIONS.--Paragraph (1) may only be asserted in--

 

'(A) any noncriminal tax matter before the Internal Revenue Service; and

'(B) any noncriminal tax proceeding in Federal court brought by or against the United States.

 

'(3) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this subsection--

 

'(A) FEDERALLY AUTHORIZED TAX PRACTITIONER.--The term 'federally authorized tax practitioner' means any individual who is authorized under Federal law to practice before the Internal Revenue Service if such practice is subject to Federal regulation under section 330 of title 31, United States Code.

'(B) TAX ADVICE.--The term 'tax advice' means advice given by an individual with respect to a matter which is within the scope of the individual's authority to practice described in subparagraph (A).

'(b) SECTION NOT TO APPLY TO COMMUNICATIONS REGARDING CORPORATE TAX SHELTERS.--The privilege under subsection (a) shall not apply to any written communication between a federally authorized tax practitioner and a director, shareholder, officer, or employee, agent, or representative of a corporation in connection with the promotion of the direct or indirect participation of such corporation in any tax shelter (as defined in section 6662(d)(2)(C)(iii)).'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for such chapter 77 is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

 

'Sec. 7525. Confidentiality privileges relating to taxpayer communications.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to communications made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3412. LIMITATION ON FINANCIAL STATUS AUDIT TECHNIQUES.

Section 7602 (relating to examination of books and witnesses) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(d) LIMITATION ON EXAMINATION ON UNREPORTED INCOME.--The Secretary shall not use financial status or economic reality examination techniques to determine the existence of unreported income of any taxpayer unless the Secretary has a reasonable indication that there is a likelihood of such unreported income.'.

 

SEC. 3413. SOFTWARE TRADE SECRETS PROTECTION.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subchapter A of chapter 78 (relating to examination and inspection) is amended by redesignating section 7612 as section 7613 and by inserting after 7611 the following new section:

 

'SEC. 7612. SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR SUMMONSES FOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE.

 

'(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of this title--

 

'(1) except as provided in subsection (b), no summons may be issued under this title, and the Secretary may not begin any action under section 7604 to enforce any summons to produce or analyze any tax-related computer software source code; and

'(2) any software and related materials which are provided to the Secretary under this title shall be subject to the safeguards under subsection (c).

 

'(b) CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH COMPUTER SOFTWARE SOURCE CODE MAY BE PROVIDED.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any portion, item, or component of tax-related computer software source code if--

 

'(A) the Secretary is unable to otherwise reasonably ascertain the correctness of any item on a return from--

 

'(i) the taxpayer's books, papers, records, or other data; or

'(ii) the computer software executable code (and any modifications thereof) to which such source code relates and any associated data which, when executed, produces the output to ascertain the correctness of the item;

 

'(B) the Secretary identifies with reasonable specificity the portion, item, or component of such source code needed to verify the correctness of such item on the return; and

'(C) the Secretary determines that the need for the portion, item, or component of such source code with respect to such item outweighs the risks of unauthorized disclosure of trade secrets.

 

'(2) EXCEPTIONS.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to--

 

'(A) any inquiry into any offense connected with the administration or enforcement of the internal revenue laws;

'(B) any tax-related computer software source code acquired or developed by the taxpayer or a related person primarily for internal use by the taxpayer or such person rather than for commercial distribution;

'(C) any communications between the owner of the tax-related computer software source code and the taxpayer or related persons; or

'(D) any tax-related computer software source code which is required to be provided or made available pursuant to any other provision of this title.

 

'(3) COOPERATION REQUIRED.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall be treated as meeting the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of such paragraph if--

 

'(A) the Secretary determines that it is not feasible to determine the correctness of an item without access to the computer software executable code and associated data described in paragraph (1)(A)(ii);

'(B) the Secretary makes a formal request to the taxpayer for such code and data and to the owner of the computer software source code for such executable code; and

'(C) such code and data is not provided within 180 days of such request.

 

'(4) RIGHT TO CONTEST SUMMONS.--In any proceeding brought under section 7604 to enforce a summons issued under the authority of this subsection, the court shall, at the request of any party, hold a hearing to determine whether the applicable requirements of this subsection have been met.

 

'(c) SAFEGUARDS TO ENSURE PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS AND OTHER CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.--

 

'(1) ENTRY OF PROTECTIVE ORDER.--In any court proceeding to enforce a summons for any portion of software, the court may receive evidence and issue any order necessary to prevent the disclosure of trade secrets or other confidential information with respect to such software, including requiring that any information be placed under seal to be opened only as directed by the court.

'(2) PROTECTION OF SOFTWARE.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, and in addition to any protections ordered pursuant to paragraph (1), in the case of software that comes into the possession or control of the Secretary in the course of any examination with respect to any taxpayer--

 

'(A) the software may be used only in connection with the examination of such taxpayer's return, any appeal by the taxpayer to the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals, any judicial proceeding (and any appeals therefrom), and any inquiry into any offense connected with the administration or enforcement of the internal revenue laws;

'(B) the Secretary shall provide, in advance, to the taxpayer and the owner of the software a written list of the names of all individuals who will analyze or otherwise have access to the software;

'(C) the software shall be maintained in a secure area or place, and, in the case of computer software source code, shall not be removed from the owner's place of business unless the owner permits, or a court orders, such removal;

'(D) the software may not be copied except as necessary to perform such analysis, and the Secretary shall number all copies made and certify in writing that no other copies have been (or will be) made;

'(E) at the end of the period during which the software may be used under subparagraph (A)--

 

'(i) the software and all copies thereof shall be returned to the person from whom they were obtained and any copies thereof made under subparagraph (D) on the hard drive of a machine or other mass storage device shall be permanently deleted; and

'(ii) the Secretary shall obtain from any person who analyzes or otherwise had access to such software a written certification under penalty of perjury that all copies and related materials have been returned and that no copies were made of them;

 

'(F) the software may not be decompiled or disassembled;

'(G) the Secretary shall provide to the taxpayer and the owner of any interest in such software, as the case may be, a written agreement, between the Secretary and any person who is not an officer or employee of the United States and who will analyze or otherwise have access to such software, which provides that such person agrees not to--

 

'(i) disclose such software to any person other than persons to whom such information could be disclosed for tax administration purposes under section 6103; or

'(ii) participate for 2 years in the development of software which is intended for a similar purpose as the software examined; and

 

'(H) the software shall be treated as return information for purposes of section 6103.

 

For purposes of subparagraph (C), the owner shall make available any necessary equipment or materials for analysis of computer software source code required to be conducted on the owner's premises. The owner of any interest in the software shall be considered a party to any agreement described in subparagraph (G).

 

'(d) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section--

 

'(1) SOFTWARE.--The term 'software' includes computer software source code and computer software executable code.

'(2) COMPUTER SOFTWARE SOURCE CODE.--The term 'computer software source code' means--

 

'(A) the code written by a programmer using a programming language which is comprehensible to appropriately trained persons and is not capable of directly being used to give instructions to a computer;

'(B) related programmers' notes, design documents, memoranda, and similar documentation; and

'(C) related customer communications.

 

'(3) COMPUTER SOFTWARE EXECUTABLE CODE.--The term 'computer software executable code' means--

 

'(A) any object code, machine code, or other code readable by a computer when loaded into its memory and used directly by such computer to execute instructions; and

'(B) any related user manuals.

 

'(4) OWNER.--The term 'owner' shall, with respect to any software, include the developer of the software.

'(5) RELATED PERSON.--A person shall be treated as related to another person if such persons are related persons under section 267 or 707(b).

'(6) TAX-RELATED COMPUTER SOFTWARE SOURCE CODE.--The term 'tax-related computer software source code' means the computer source code for any computer software program intended for accounting, tax return preparation or compliance, or tax planning.'.

 

(b) UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF SOFTWARE.--Section 7213 (relating to unauthorized disclosure of information) is amended by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e) and by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection:

'(d) DISCLOSURE OF SOFTWARE.--Any person who willfully divulges or makes known software (as defined in section 7612(d)(1)) to any person in violation of section 7612 shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.'.

(c) APPLICATION OF SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR THIRD-PARTY SUMMONSES.--Paragraph (2) of section 7603(b), as amended by section 3416(a), is amended by striking 'and' at the end of subparagraph (H), by striking a period at the end of subparagraph (I) and inserting ', and', and by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

'(J) any owner or developer of a computer software source code (as defined in section 7612(d)(2)).

 

Subparagraph (J) shall apply only with respect to a summons requiring the production of the source code referred to in subparagraph (J) or the program and data described in section 7612(b)(1)(A)(ii) to which such source code relates.'.

 

(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 78 is amended by striking the item relating to section 7612 and by inserting the following new item:

 

'Sec. 7612. Special procedures for summonses for computer software. 'Sec. 7613. Cross references.'.

 

(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to summonses issued, and software acquired, after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) SOFTWARE PROTECTION.--In the case of any software acquired on or before such date of enactment, the requirements of section 7612(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by such amendments) shall apply after the 90th day after such date. The preceding sentence shall not apply to the requirement under section 7612(c)(2)(G)(ii) of such Code (as so added).

SEC. 3414. THREAT OF AUDIT PROHIBITED TO COERCE TIP REPORTING ALTERNATIVE COMMITMENT AGREEMENTS.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall instruct employees of the Internal Revenue Service that they may not threaten to audit any taxpayer in an attempt to coerce the taxpayer into entering into a Tip Reporting Alternative Commitment Agreement.

SEC. 3415. TAXPAYERS ALLOWED MOTION TO QUASH ALL THIRD-PARTY SUMMONSES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 7609(a) (relating to summonses to which section applies) is amended by striking so much of such paragraph as precedes 'notice of the summons' and inserting the following:

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If any summons to which this section applies requires the giving of testimony on or relating to, the production of any portion of records made or kept on or relating to, or the production of any computer software source code (as defined in 7612(d)(2)) with respect to, any person (other than the person summoned) who is identified in the summons, then'.

 

(b) COORDINATION WITH OTHER AUTHORITY.--Section 7609 (relating to special procedures for third-party summonses) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(j) USE OF SUMMONS NOT REQUIRED.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the Secretary's ability to obtain information, other than by summons, through formal or informal procedures authorized by sections 7601 and 7602.'.

(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Subsection (a) of section 7609 is amended by striking paragraphs (3) and (4), by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (3), and by striking in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) 'subsection (c)(2)(B)' and inserting 'subsection (c)(2)(D)'.

(2) Subsection (c) of section 7609 is amended to read as follows:

 

'(c) SUMMONS TO WHICH SECTION APPLIES.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), this section shall apply to any summons issued under paragraph (2) of section 7602(a) or under section 6420(e)(2), 6421(g)(2), 6427(j)(2), or 7612.

'(2) EXCEPTIONS.--This section shall not apply to any summons--

 

'(A) served on the person with respect to whose liability the summons is issued, or any officer or employee of such person;

'(B) issued to determine whether or not records of the business transactions or affairs of an identified person have been made or kept;

'(C) issued solely to determine the identity of any person having a numbered account (or similar arrangement) with a bank or other institution described in section 7603(b)(2)(A);

'(D) issued in aid of the collection of--

 

'(i) an assessment made or judgment rendered against the person with respect to whose liability the summons is issued; or

'(ii) the liability at law or in equity of any transferee or fiduciary of any person referred to in clause (i);

 

'(E)(i) issued by a criminal investigator of the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the investigation of an offense connected with the administration or enforcement of the internal revenue laws; and

 

'(ii) served on any person who is not a third-party recordkeeper (as defined in section 7603(b)); or

 

'(F) described in subsection (f) or (g).

 

'(3) RECORDS.--For purposes of this section, the term 'records' includes books, papers, and other data.'.

(3) Paragraph (2) of section 7609(e) is amended by striking 'third-party recordkeeper's' and all that follows through 'subsection (f)' and inserting 'summoned party's response to the summons'.

(4) Subsection (f) of section 7609 is amended--

 

(A) by striking 'described in subsection (c)' and inserting 'described in subsection (c)(1)'; and

(B) by inserting 'or testimony' after 'records' in paragraph (3).

 

(5) Subsection (g) of section 7609 is amended by striking 'In the case of any summons described in subsection (c), the provisions of subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall not apply if' and inserting 'A summons is described in this subsection if'.

(6)(A) Subsection (i) of section 7609 is amended by striking 'THIRD-PARTY RECORDKEEPER AND' in the subsection heading.

 

(B) Paragraph (1) of section 7609(i) is amended by striking 'described in subsection (c), the third-party recordkeeper' and inserting 'to which this section applies for the production of records, the summoned party'.

(C) Paragraph (2) of section 7609(i) is amended--

 

(i) by striking 'RECORDKEEPER' in the heading and inserting 'SUMMONED PARTY'; and

(ii) by striking 'the third-party recordkeeper' and inserting 'the summoned party'.

 

(D) Paragraph (3) of section 7609(i) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(3) PROTECTION FOR SUMMONED PARTY WHO DISCLOSES.--Any summoned party, or agent or employee thereof, making a disclosure of records or testimony pursuant to this section in good faith reliance on the certificate of the Secretary or an order of a court requiring production of records or the giving of such testimony shall not be liable to any customer or other person for such disclosure.'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to summonses served after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3416. SERVICE OF SUMMONSES TO THIRD-PARTY RECORDKEEPERS PERMITTED BY MAIL.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7603 (relating to service of summons) is amended by striking 'A summons issued' and inserting '(a) IN GENERAL.--A summons issued' and by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(b) SERVICE BY MAIL TO THIRD-PARTY RECORDKEEPERS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--A summons referred to in subsection (a) for the production of books, papers, records, or other data by a third-party recordkeeper may also be served by certified or registered mail to the last known address of such recordkeeper.

'(2) THIRD-PARTY RECORDKEEPER.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'third-party recordkeeper' means--

 

'(A) any mutual savings bank, cooperative bank, domestic building and loan association, or other savings institution chartered and supervised as a savings and loan or similar association under Federal or State law, any bank (as defined in section 581), or any credit union (within the meaning of section 501(c)(14)(A));

'(B) any consumer reporting agency (as defined under section 603(f) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a(f)));

'(C) any person extending credit through the use of credit cards or similar devices;

'(D) any broker (as defined in section 3(a)(4) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(4)));

'(E) any attorney;

'(F) any accountant;

'(G) any barter exchange (as defined in section 6045(c)(3));

'(H) any regulated investment company (as defined in section 851) and any agent of such regulated investment company when acting as an agent thereof, and

'(I) any enrolled agent.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to summonses served after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3417. NOTICE OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE CONTACT OF THIRD PARTIES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 7602 (relating to examination of books and witnesses), as amended by section 3412, is amended by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (b) the following new subsection:

'(c) NOTICE OF CONTACT OF THIRD PARTIES.--

 

'(1) GENERAL NOTICE.--An officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service may not contact any person other than the taxpayer with respect to the determination or collection of the tax liability of such taxpayer without providing reasonable notice in advance to the taxpayer that contacts with persons other than the taxpayer may be made.

'(2) NOTICE OF SPECIFIC CONTACTS.--The Secretary shall periodically provide to a taxpayer a record of persons contacted during such period by the Secretary with respect to the determination or collection of the tax liability of such taxpayer. Such record shall also be provided upon request of the taxpayer.

'(3) EXCEPTIONS.--This subsection shall not apply--

 

'(A) to any contact which the taxpayer has authorized;

'(B) if the Secretary determines for good cause shown that such notice would jeopardize collection of any tax or such notice may involve reprisal against any person; or

'(C) with respect to any pending criminal investigation.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to contacts made after the 180th day after the date of the enactment of this Act.
PART III--COLLECTION ACTIVITIES

 

 

Subpart A--Approval Process

 

 

SEC. 3421. APPROVAL PROCESS FOR LIENS, LEVIES, AND SEIZURES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall develop and implement procedures under which--

 

(1) a determination by an employee to file a notice of lien or levy with respect to, or to levy or seize, any property or right to property would, where appropriate, be required to be reviewed by a supervisor of the employee before the action was taken; and

(2) appropriate disciplinary action would be taken against the employee or supervisor where the procedures under paragraph (1) were not followed.

 

(b) REVIEW PROCESS.--The review process under subsection (a)(1) may include a certification that the employee has--

 

(1) reviewed the taxpayer's information;

(2) verified that a balance is due; and

(3) affirmed that the action proposed to be taken is appropriate given the taxpayer's circumstances, considering the amount due and the value of the property or right to property.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) AUTOMATED COLLECTION SYSTEM ACTIONS.--In the case of any action under an automated collection system, this section shall apply to actions initiated after December 31, 2000.

Subpart B--Liens and Levies

 

 

SEC. 3431. MODIFICATIONS TO CERTAIN LEVY EXEMPTION AMOUNTS.

 

(a) FUEL, ETC.--Section 6334(a)(2) (relating to fuel, provisions, furniture, and personal effects) is amended by striking '$2,500' and inserting '$6,250'.

(b) BOOKS, ETC.--Section 6334(a)(3) (relating to books and tools of a trade, business, or profession) is amended by striking '$1,250' and inserting '$3,125'.

(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 6334(g)(1) (relating to inflation adjustment) is amended--

 

(1) by striking '1997' and inserting '1999'; and

(2) by striking '1996' in subparagraph (B) and inserting '1998'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect with respect to levies issued after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3432. RELEASE OF LEVY UPON AGREEMENT THAT AMOUNT IS UNCOLLECTIBLE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6343 (relating to authority to release levy and return property) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(e) RELEASE OF LEVY UPON AGREEMENT THAT AMOUNT IS NOT COLLECTIBLE.--In the case of a levy on the salary or wages payable to or received by the taxpayer, upon agreement with the taxpayer that the tax is not collectible, the Secretary shall release such levy as soon as practicable.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to levies imposed after December 31, 1999.

 

SEC. 3433. LEVY PROHIBITED DURING PENDENCY OF REFUND PROCEEDINGS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6331 (relating to levy and distraint) is amended by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (j) and by inserting after subsection (h) the following new subsection:

'(i) NO LEVY DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS FOR REFUND OF DIVISIBLE TAX.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--No levy may be made under subsection (a) on the property or rights to property of any person with respect to any unpaid divisible tax during the pendency of any proceeding brought by such person in a proper Federal trial court for the recovery of any portion of such divisible tax which was paid by such person if--

 

'(A) the decision in such proceeding would be res judicata with respect to such unpaid tax; or

'(B) such person would be collaterally estopped from contesting such unpaid tax by reason of such proceeding.

 

'(2) DIVISIBLE TAX.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'divisible tax' means--

 

'(A) any tax imposed by subtitle C; and

'(B) the penalty imposed by section 6672 with respect to any such tax.

 

'(3) EXCEPTIONS.--

 

'(A) CERTAIN UNPAID TAXES.--This subsection shall not apply with respect to any unpaid tax if--

 

'(i) the taxpayer files a written notice with the Secretary which waives the restriction imposed by this subsection on levy with respect to such tax; or

'(ii) the Secretary finds that the collection of such tax is in jeopardy.

 

'(B) CERTAIN LEVIES.--This subsection shall not apply to--

 

'(i) any levy to carry out an offset under section 6402; and

'(ii) any levy which was first made before the date that the applicable proceeding under this subsection commenced.

'(4) LIMITATION ON COLLECTION ACTIVITY; AUTHORITY TO ENJOIN COLLECTION.--

 

'(A) LIMITATION ON COLLECTION.--No proceeding in court for the collection of any unpaid tax to which paragraph (1) applies shall be begun by the Secretary during the pendency of a proceeding under such paragraph. This subparagraph shall not apply to--

 

'(i) any counterclaim in a proceeding under such paragraph; or

'(ii) any proceeding relating to a proceeding under such paragraph.

 

'(B) AUTHORITY TO ENJOIN.--Notwithstanding section 7421(a), a levy or collection proceeding prohibited by this subsection may be enjoined (during the period such prohibition is in force) by the court in which the proceeding under paragraph (1) is brought.

 

'(5) SUSPENSION OF STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ON COLLECTION.--The period of limitations under section 6502 shall be suspended for the period during which the Secretary is prohibited under this subsection from making a levy.

'(6) PENDENCY OF PROCEEDING.--For purposes of this subsection, a proceeding is pending beginning on the date such proceeding commences and ending on the date that a final order or judgment from which an appeal may be taken is entered in such proceeding.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to unpaid tax attributable to taxable periods beginning after December 31, 1998.

 

SEC. 3434. APPROVAL REQUIRED FOR JEOPARDY AND TERMINATION ASSESSMENTS AND JEOPARDY LEVIES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 7429(a) (relating to review of jeopardy levy or assessment procedures) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(1) ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.--

 

'(A) PRIOR APPROVAL REQUIRED.--No assessment may be made under section 6851(a), 6852(a), 6861(a), or 6862, and no levy may be made under section 6331(a) less than 30 days after notice and demand for payment is made, unless the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service (or such Counsel's delegate) personally approves (in writing) such assessment or levy.

'(B) INFORMATION TO TAXPAYER.--Within 5 days after the day on which such an assessment or levy is made, the Secretary shall provide the taxpayer with a written statement of the information upon which the Secretary relied in making such assessment or levy.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxes assessed and levies made after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3435. INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF CERTAIN PROPERTY ON WHICH LIEN NOT VALID.

 

(a) CERTAIN PROPERTY.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (b) of section 6323 (relating to validity and priority against certain persons) is amended--

 

(A) by striking '$250' in paragraph (4) (relating to personal property purchased in casual sale) and inserting '$1,000'; and

(B) by striking '$1,000' in paragraph (7) (relating to residential property subject to a mechanic's lien for certain repairs and improvements) and inserting '$5,000'.

 

(2) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.--Subsection (i) of section 6323 (relating to special rules) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(4) COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENT.--In the case of notices of liens imposed by section 6321 which are filed in any calendar year after 1998, each of the dollar amounts under paragraph (4) or (7) of subsection (b) shall be increased by an amount equal to--

 

'(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by

'(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year, determined by substituting 'calendar year 1996' for 'calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B) thereof.

 

If any amount as adjusted under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $10, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $10.'.

 

(b) EXPANSION OF TREATMENT OF PASSBOOK LOANS.--Paragraph (10) of section 6323(b) is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'PASSBOOK LOANS' in the heading and inserting 'DEPOSIT-SECURED LOANS';

(2) by striking ', evidenced by a passbook,'; and

(3) by striking all that follows 'secured by such account' and inserting a period.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3436. WAIVER OF EARLY WITHDRAWAL TAX FOR INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE LEVIES ON EMPLOYER-SPONSORED RETIREMENT PLANS OR IRAs.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 72(t)(2)(A) (relating to subsection not to apply to certain distributions) is amended by striking 'or' at the end of clauses (iv) and (v), by striking the period at the end of clause (vi) and inserting ', or', and by adding at the end the following new clause:
'(vii) made on account of a levy under section 6331 on the qualified retirement plan.'.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to distributions after December 31, 1999.
Subpart C--Seizures

 

 

SEC. 3441. PROHIBITION OF SALES OF SEIZED PROPERTY AT LESS THAN MINIMUM BID.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6335(e)(1)(A)(i) (relating to determinations relating to minimum price) is amended by striking 'a minimum price for which such property shall be sold' and inserting 'a minimum price below which such property shall not be sold'.

(b) REFERENCE TO PENALTY FOR VIOLATION.--Section 6335(e) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(4) CROSS REFERENCE.--

'For provision providing for civil damages for violation of paragraph (1)(A)(i), see section 7433.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to sales made after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3442. ACCOUNTING OF SALES OF SEIZED PROPERTY.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6340 (relating to records of sale) is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (a)--

 

(A) by striking 'real'; and

(B) by inserting 'or certificate of sale of personal property' after 'deed'; and

 

(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(c) ACCOUNTING TO TAXPAYER.--The taxpayer with respect to whose liability the sale was conducted or who redeemed the property shall be furnished--

 

'(1) the record under subsection (a) (other than the names of the purchasers);

'(2) the amount from such sale applied to the taxpayer's liability; and

'(3) the remaining balance of such liability.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to seizures occurring after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3443. UNIFORM ASSET DISPOSAL MECHANISM.

Not later than the date which is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall implement a uniform asset disposal mechanism for sales under section 6335 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The mechanism should be designed to remove any participation in such sales by revenue officers of the Internal Revenue Service and should consider the use of outsourcing.

SEC. 3444. CODIFICATION OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES FOR SEIZURE OF TAXPAYER'S PROPERTY.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6331 (relating to levy and distraint), as amended by section 3433, is amended by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k) and by inserting after subsection (i) the following new subsection:

'(j) NO LEVY BEFORE INVESTIGATION OF STATUS OF PROPERTY.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of applying the provisions of this subchapter, no levy may be made on any property or right to property which is to be sold under section 6335 until a thorough investigation of the status of such property has been completed.

'(2) ELEMENTS IN INVESTIGATION.--For purposes of paragraph (1), an investigation of the status of any property shall include--

 

'(A) a verification of the taxpayer's liability;

'(B) the completion of an analysis under sub-section (f);

'(C) the determination that the equity in such property is sufficient to yield net proceeds from the sale of such property to apply to such liability; and

'(D) a thorough consideration of alternative collection methods.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3445. PROCEDURES FOR SEIZURE OF RESIDENCES AND BUSINESSES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6334(a)(13) (relating to property exempt from levy) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(13) RESIDENCES EXEMPT IN SMALL DEFICIENCY CASES AND PRINCIPAL RESIDENCES AND CERTAIN BUSINESS ASSETS EXEMPT IN ABSENCE OF CERTAIN APPROVAL OR JEOPARDY.--

 

'(A) RESIDENCES IN SMALL DEFICIENCY CASES.--If the amount of the levy does not exceed $5,000--

 

'(i) any real property used as a residence by the taxpayer; or

'(ii) any real property of the taxpayer (other than real property which is rented) used by any other individual as a residence.

 

'(B) PRINCIPAL RESIDENCES AND CERTAIN BUSINESS ASSETS.--Except to the extent provided in subsection (e)--

 

'(i) the principal residence of the taxpayer (within the meaning of section 121); and

'(ii) tangible personal property or real property (other than real property which is rented) used in the trade or business of an individual taxpayer.'.

(b) LEVY ALLOWED IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.--Section 6334(e) is amended to read as follows:

'(e) LEVY ALLOWED ON PRINCIPAL RESIDENCES AND CERTAIN BUSINESS ASSETS IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.--

 

'(1) PRINCIPAL RESIDENCES.--

 

'(A) APPROVAL REQUIRED.--A principal residence shall not be exempt from levy if a judge or magistrate of a district court of the United States approves (in writing) the levy of such residence.

'(B) JURISDICTION.--The district courts of the United States shall have exclusive jurisdiction to approve a levy under subparagraph (A).

 

'(2) CERTAIN BUSINESS ASSETS.--Property (other than a principal residence) described in subsection (a)(13)(B) shall not be exempt from levy if--

 

'(A) a district director or assistant district director of the Internal Revenue Service personally approves (in writing) the levy of such property; or

'(B) the Secretary finds that the collection of tax is in jeopardy. An official may not approve a levy under subparagraph (A) unless the official determines that the taxpayer's other assets subject to collection are insufficient to pay the amount due, together with expenses of the proceedings.'.

(c) STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE PERMITS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--With respect to permits issued by a State and required under State law for the harvest of fish or wildlife in the trade or business of an individual taxpayer, the term 'other assets' as used in section 6334(e)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall include future income which may be derived by such taxpayer from the commercial sale of fish or wildlife under such permit.

(2) CONSTRUCTION.--Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to invalidate or in any way prejudice any assertion that the privilege embodied in permits described in paragraph (1) is not property or a right to property under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
PART IV--PROVISIONS RELATING TO EXAMINATION AND COLLECTION ACTIVITIES

 

 

SEC. 3461. PROCEDURES RELATING TO EXTENSIONS OF STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS BY AGREEMENT.

 

(a) AUTHORITY TO EXTEND 10-YEAR COLLECTION PERIOD AFTER ASSESSMENT.--Section 6502(a) (relating to length of period after collection) is amended--

 

(1) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting:

'(2) if--

 

'(A) there is an installment agreement between the taxpayer and the Secretary, prior to the date which is 90 days after the expiration of any period for collection agreed upon in writing by the Secretary and the taxpayer at the time the installment agreement was entered into; or

'(B) there is a release of levy under section 6343 after such 10-year period, prior to the expiration of any period for collection agreed upon in writing by the Secretary and the taxpayer before such release.'; and

 

(2) by striking the first sentence in the matter following paragraph (2).

 

(b) NOTICE TO TAXPAYER OF RIGHT TO REFUSE OR LIMIT EXTENSION.--Paragraph (4) of section 6501(c) (relating to the period for limitations on assessment and collection) is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'Where' and inserting the following:

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Where'; and

 

(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(B) NOTICE TO TAXPAYER OF RIGHT TO REFUSE OR LIMIT EXTENSION.--The Secretary shall notify the taxpayer of the taxpayer's right to refuse to extend the period of limitations, or to limit such extension to particular issues or to a particular period of time, on each occasion when the taxpayer is requested to provide such consent.'.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to requests to extend the period of limitations made after December 31, 1999.

(2) PRIOR REQUEST.--If, in any request to extend the period of limitations made on or before December 31, 1999, a taxpayer agreed to extend such period beyond the 10-year period referred to in section 6502(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, such extension shall expire on the latest of--

 

(A) the last day of such 10-year period;

(B) December 31, 2002; or

(C) in the case of an extension in connection with an installment agreement, the 90th day after the end of the period of such extension.

SEC. 3462. OFFERS-IN-COMPROMISE.

 

(a) STANDARDS FOR EVALUATION OF OFFERS-IN-COMPROMISE.--Section 7122 (relating to offers-in-compromise) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(c) STANDARDS FOR EVALUATION OF OFFERS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary shall prescribe guidelines for officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service to determine whether an offer-in-compromise is adequate and should be accepted to resolve a dispute.

'(2) ALLOWANCES FOR BASIC LIVING EXPENSES.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--In prescribing guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop and publish schedules of national and local allowances designed to provide that taxpayers entering into a compromise have an adequate means to provide for basic living expenses.

'(B) USE OF SCHEDULES.--The guidelines shall provide that officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service shall determine, on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each taxpayer, whether the use of the schedules published under subparagraph (A) is appropriate and shall not use the schedules to the extent such use would result in the taxpayer not having adequate means to provide for basic living expenses.

 

'(3) SPECIAL RULES RELATING TO TREATMENT OF OFFERS.--The guidelines under paragraph (1) shall provide that--

 

'(A) an officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall not reject an offer-in-compromise from a low-income taxpayer solely on the basis of the amount of the offer; and

'(B) in the case of an offer-in-compromise which relates only to issues of liability of the taxpayer--

 

'(i) such offer shall not be rejected solely because the Secretary is unable to locate the taxpayer's return or return information for verification of such liability; and

'(ii) the taxpayer shall not be required to provide a financial statement.'.

(b) LEVY PROHIBITED WHILE OFFER-IN-COMPROMISE PENDING OR INSTALLMENT AGREEMENT PENDING OR IN EFFECT.--Section 6331 (relating to levy and distraint), as amended by sections 3433 and 3444, is amended by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l) and by inserting after subsection (j) the following new subsection:

'(k) NO LEVY WHILE CERTAIN OFFERS PENDING OR INSTALLMENT AGREEMENT PENDING OR IN EFFECT.--

 

'(1) OFFER-IN-COMPROMISE PENDING.--No levy may be made under subsection (a) on the property or rights to property of any person with respect to any unpaid tax--

 

'(A) during the period that an offer-in-compromise by such person under section 7122 of such unpaid tax is pending with the Secretary; and

'(B) if such offer is rejected by the Secretary, during the 30 days thereafter (and, if an appeal of such rejection is filed within such 30 days, during the period that such appeal is pending).

 

For purposes of subparagraph (A), an offer is pending beginning on the date the Secretary accepts such offer for processing.

'(2) INSTALLMENT AGREEMENTS.--No levy may be made under subsection (a) on the property or rights to property of any person with respect to any unpaid tax--

 

'(A) during the period that an offer by such person for an installment agreement under section 6159 for payment of such unpaid tax is pending with the Secretary;

'(B) if such offer is rejected by the Secretary, during the 30 days thereafter (and, if an appeal of such rejection is filed within such 30 days, during the period that such appeal is pending);

'(C) during the period that such an installment agreement for payment of such unpaid tax is in effect; and

'(D) if such agreement is terminated by the Secretary, during the 30 days thereafter (and, if an appeal of such termination is filed within such 30 days, during the period that such appeal is pending).

 

'(3) CERTAIN RULES TO APPLY.--Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (i) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.'.

 

(c) REVIEW OF REJECTIONS OF OFFERS-IN-COMPROMISE AND INSTALLMENT AGREEMENTS.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 7122 (relating to compromises), as amended by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(d) ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.--The Secretary shall establish procedures--

 

'(1) for an independent administrative review of any rejection of a proposed offer-in-compromise or installment agreement made by a taxpayer under this section or section 6159 before such rejection is communicated to the taxpayer; and

'(2) which allow a taxpayer to appeal any rejection of such offer or agreement to the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals.'.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 6159 (relating to installment agreements) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(d) CROSS REFERENCE.--

'For rights to administrative review and appeal, see section 7122(d).'.

(d) PREPARATION OF STATEMENT RELATING TO OFFERS-IN-COMPROMISE.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall prepare a statement which sets forth in simple, nontechnical terms the rights of a taxpayer and the obligations of the Internal Revenue Service relating to offers-in-compromise. Such statement shall--

 

(1) advise taxpayers who have entered into a compromise of the advantages of promptly notifying the Internal Revenue Service of any change of address or marital status;

(2) provide notice to taxpayers that in the case of a compromise terminated due to the actions of one spouse or former spouse, the Internal Revenue Service will, upon application, reinstate such compromise with the spouse or former spouse who remains in compliance with such compromise; and

(3) provide notice to the taxpayer that the taxpayer may appeal the rejection of an offer-in-compromise to the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals.

 

(e) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to proposed offers-in-compromise and installment agreements submitted after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) SUSPENSION OF COLLECTION BY LEVY.--The amendment made by subsection (b) shall apply to offers-in-compromise pending on or made after December 31, 1999.

SEC. 3463. NOTICE OF DEFICIENCY TO SPECIFY DEADLINES FOR FILING TAX COURT PETITION.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall include on each notice of deficiency under section 6212 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 the date determined by such Secretary (or delegate) as the last day on which the taxpayer may file a petition with the Tax Court.

(b) LATER FILING DEADLINES SPECIFIED ON NOTICE OF DEFICIENCY TO BE BINDING.--Subsection (a) of section 6213 (relating to restrictions applicable to deficiencies; petition to Tax Court) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'Any petition filed with the Tax Court on or before the last date specified for filing such petition by the Secretary in the notice of deficiency shall be treated as timely filed.'.

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--Subsection (a) and the amendment made by subsection (b) shall apply to notices mailed after December 31, 1998.

 

SEC. 3464. REFUND OR CREDIT OF OVERPAYMENTS BEFORE FINAL DETERMINATION.

 

(a) TAX COURT PROCEEDINGS.--Subsection (a) of section 6213 is amended--

 

(1) by striking ', including the Tax Court.' and inserting ', including the Tax Court, and a refund may be ordered by such court of any amount collected within the period during which the Secretary is prohibited from collecting by levy or through a proceeding in court under the provisions of this subsection.'; and

(2) by striking 'to enjoin any action or proceeding' and inserting 'to enjoin any action or proceeding or order any refund'.

 

(b) OTHER PROCEEDINGS.--Subsection (a) of section 6512 is amended by striking the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting ', and', and by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new paragraphs:

 

'(5) As to any amount collected within the period during which the Secretary is prohibited from making the assessment or from collecting by levy or through a proceeding in court under the provisions of section 6213(a); and

'(6) As to overpayments the Secretary is authorized to refund or credit pending appeal as provided in subsection (b).'.

 

(c) REFUND OR CREDIT PENDING APPEAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 6512(b) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence:
'If a notice of appeal in respect of the decision of the Tax Court is filed under section 7483, the Secretary is authorized to refund or credit the overpayment determined by the Tax Court to the extent the overpayment is not contested on appeal.'.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3465. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE PROCEDURES RELATING TO APPEALS OF EXAMINATIONS AND COLLECTIONS.

 

(a) DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 74 (relating to closing agreements and compromises) is amended by redesignating section 7123 as section 7124 and by inserting after section 7122 the following new section:
'SEC. 7123. APPEALS DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES.

 

'(a) EARLY REFERRAL TO APPEALS PROCEDURES.--The Secretary shall prescribe procedures by which any taxpayer may request early referral of 1 or more unresolved issues from the examination or collection division to the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals.

'(b) ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES.--

 

'(1) MEDIATION.--The Secretary shall prescribe procedures under which a taxpayer or the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals may request non-binding mediation on any issue unresolved at the conclusion of--

 

'(A) appeals procedures; or

'(B) unsuccessful attempts to enter into a closing agreement under section 7121 or a compromise under section 7122.

 

'(2) ARBITRATION.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program under which a taxpayer and the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals may jointly request binding arbitration on any issue unresolved at the conclusion of--

 

'(A) appeals procedures; or

'(B) unsuccessful attempts to enter into a closing agreement under section 7121 or a compromise under section 7122.'.

 

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for chapter 74 is amended by striking the item relating to section 7123 and inserting the following new items:
'Sec. 7123. Appeals dispute resolution procedures. 'Sec. 7124. Cross references.'.

 

(b) APPEALS OFFICERS IN EACH STATE.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall ensure that an appeals officer is regularly available within each State.

(c) APPEALS VIDEOCONFERENCING ALTERNATIVE FOR RURAL AREAS.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall consider the use of the videoconferencing of appeals conferences between appeals officers and taxpayers seeking appeals in rural or remote areas.

 

SEC. 3466. APPLICATION OF CERTAIN FAIR DEBT COLLECTION PROCEDURES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subchapter A of chapter 64 (relating to collection) is amended by inserting after section 6303 the following new section:

 

'SEC. 6304. FAIR TAX COLLECTION PRACTICES.

 

'(a) COMMUNICATION WITH THE TAXPAYER.--Without the prior consent of the taxpayer given directly to the Secretary or the express permission of a court of competent jurisdiction, the Secretary may not communicate with a taxpayer in connection with the collection of any unpaid tax--

 

'(1) at any unusual time or place or a time or place known or which should be known to be inconvenient to the taxpayer;

'(2) if the Secretary knows the taxpayer is represented by any person authorized to practice before the Internal Revenue Service with respect to such unpaid tax and has knowledge of, or can readily ascertain, such person's name and address, unless such person fails to respond within a reasonable period of time to a communication from the Secretary or unless such person consents to direct communication with the taxpayer; or

'(3) at the taxpayer's place of employment if the Secretary knows or has reason to know that the taxpayer's employer prohibits the taxpayer from receiving such communication.

 

In the absence of knowledge of circumstances to the contrary, the Secretary shall assume that the convenient time for communicating with a taxpayer is after 8 a.m. and before 9 p.m., local time at the taxpayer's location.

'(b) PROHIBITION OF HARASSMENT AND ABUSE.--The Secretary may not engage in any conduct the natural consequence of which is to harass, oppress, or abuse any person in connection with the collection of any unpaid tax. Without limiting the general application of the foregoing, the following conduct is a violation of this subsection:

 

'(1) The use or threat of use of violence or other criminal means to harm the physical person, reputation, or property of any person.

'(2) The use of obscene or profane language or language the natural consequence of which is to abuse the hearer or reader.

'(3) Causing a telephone to ring or engaging any person in telephone conversation repeatedly or continuously with intent to annoy, abuse, or harass any person at the called number.

'(4) Except as provided under rules similar to the rules in section 804 of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 U.S.C. 1692b), the placement of telephone calls without meaningful disclosure of the caller's identity.

 

'(c) CIVIL ACTION FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION.--

'For civil action for violations of this section, see section 7433.'.

(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 64 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 6303 the following new item:

 

'Sec. 6304. Fair tax collection practices.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3467. GUARANTEED AVAILABILITY OF INSTALLMENT AGREEMENTS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6159 (relating to agreements for payment of tax liability in installments) is amended by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d) and by inserting after subsection (b) the following new subsection:

'(c) SECRETARY REQUIRED TO ENTER INTO INSTALLMENT AGREEMENTS IN CERTAIN CASES.--In the case of a liability for tax of an individual under subtitle A, the Secretary shall enter into an agreement to accept the payment of such tax in installments if, as of the date the individual offers to enter into the agreement--

 

'(1) the aggregate amount of such liability (determined without regard to interest, penalties, additions to the tax, and additional amounts) does not exceed $10,000;

'(2) the taxpayer (and, if such liability relates to a joint return, the taxpayer's spouse) has not, during any of the preceding 5 taxable years--

 

'(A) failed to file any return of tax imposed by sub-title A;

'(B) failed to pay any tax required to be shown on any such return; or

'(C) entered into an installment agreement under this section for payment of any tax imposed by subtitle A,

 

'(3) the Secretary determines that the taxpayer is financially unable to pay such liability in full when due (and the taxpayer submits such information as the Secretary may require to make such determination);

'(4) the agreement requires full payment of such liability within 3 years; and

'(5) the taxpayer agrees to comply with the provisions of this title for the period such agreement is in effect.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3468. PROHIBITION ON REQUESTS TO TAXPAYERS TO GIVE UP RIGHTS TO BRING ACTIONS.

 

(a) PROHIBITION.--No officer or employee of the United States may request a taxpayer to waive the taxpayer's right to bring a civil action against the United States or any officer or employee of the United States for any action taken in connection with the internal revenue laws.

(b) EXCEPTIONS.--Subsection (a) shall not apply in any case where--

 

(1) a taxpayer waives the right described in subsection (a) knowingly and voluntarily; or

(2) the request by the officer or employee is made in person and the taxpayer's attorney or other federally authorized tax practitioner (within the meaning of section 7525(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) is present, or the request is made in writing to the taxpayer's attorney or other representative.

Subtitle F--Disclosures to Taxpayers

 

 

SEC. 3501. EXPLANATION OF JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, establish procedures to clearly alert married taxpayers of their joint and several liabilities on all appropriate publications and instructions.

(b) RIGHT TO LIMIT LIABILITY.--The procedures under subsection (a) shall include requirements that notice of an individual's right to relief under section 6015 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be included in the statement required by section 6227 of the Omnibus Taxpayer Bill of Rights (Internal Revenue Service Publication No. 1) and in any collection-related notices.

 

SEC. 3502. EXPLANATION OF TAXPAYERS' RIGHTS IN INTERVIEWS WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, revise the statement required by section 6227 of the Omnibus Taxpayer Bill of Rights (Internal Revenue Service Publication No. 1) to more clearly inform taxpayers of their rights--

(1) to be represented at interviews with the Internal Revenue Service by any person authorized to practice before the Internal Revenue Service; and

(2) to suspend an interview pursuant to section 7521(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 3503. DISCLOSURE OF CRITERIA FOR EXAMINATION SELECTION.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, incorporate into the statement required by section 6227 of the Omnibus Taxpayer Bill of Rights (Internal Revenue Service Publication No. 1) a statement which sets forth in simple and nontechnical terms the criteria and procedures for selecting taxpayers for examination. Such statement shall not include any information the disclosure of which would be detrimental to law enforcement, but shall specify the general procedures used by the Internal Revenue Service, including whether taxpayers are selected for examination on the basis of information available in the media or on the basis of information provided to the Internal Revenue Service by informants.

(b) TRANSMISSION TO COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.--The Secretary shall transmit drafts of the statement required under subsection (a) (or proposed revisions to any such statement) to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate on the same day.

 

SEC. 3504. EXPLANATIONS OF APPEALS AND COLLECTION PROCESS.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, include with any first letter of proposed deficiency which allows the taxpayer an opportunity for administrative review in the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals an explanation of the entire process from examination through collection with respect to such proposed deficiency, including the assistance available to the taxpayer from the National Taxpayer Advocate at various points in the process.

SEC. 3505. EXPLANATION OF REASON FOR REFUND DISALLOWANCE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6402 (relating to authority to make credits or refunds) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(j) EXPLANATION OF REASON FOR REFUND DISALLOWANCE.--In the case of a disallowance of a claim for refund, the Secretary shall provide the taxpayer with an explanation for such disallowance.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to disallowances after the 180th day after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3506. STATEMENTS REGARDING INSTALLMENT AGREEMENTS.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, beginning not later than July 1, 2000, provide each taxpayer who has an installment agreement in effect under section 6159 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 an annual statement setting forth the initial balance at the beginning of the year, the payments made during the year, and the remaining balance as of the end of the year.

SEC. 3507. NOTIFICATION OF CHANGE IN TAX MATTERS PARTNER.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6231(a)(7) (defining tax matters partner) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'The Secretary shall, within 30 days of selecting a tax matters partner under the preceding sentence, notify all partners required to receive notice under section 6223(a) of the name and address of the person selected.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to selections of tax matters partners made by the Secretary of the Treasury after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3508. DISCLOSURE TO TAXPAYERS.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall ensure that any instructions booklet accompanying an individual Federal income tax return form (including forms 1040, 1040A, 1040EZ, and any similar or successor forms) shall include, in clear language, in conspicuous print, and in a conspicuous place, a concise description of the conditions under which return information may be disclosed to any party outside the Internal Revenue Service, including disclosure to any State or agency, body, or commission (or legal representative) thereof.

SEC. 3509. DISCLOSURE OF CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6110(b)(1) (defining written determination) is amended by striking 'or technical advice memorandum' and inserting 'technical advice memorandum, or Chief Counsel advice'.

(b) CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--Section 6110 (relating to public inspection of written determinations) is amended by redesignating subsections (i), (j), (k), and (l) as subsections (j), (k), (l), and (m), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (h) the following new subsection:

'(i) SPECIAL RULES FOR DISCLOSURE OF CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--

 

'(1) CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE DEFINED.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this section, the term 'Chief Counsel advice' means written advice or instruction, under whatever name or designation, prepared by any national office component of the Office of Chief Counsel which--

 

'(i) is issued to field or service center employees of the Service or regional or district employees of the Office of Chief Counsel; and

'(ii) conveys--

 

'(I) any legal interpretation of a revenue provision;

'(II) any Internal Revenue Service or Office of Chief Counsel position or policy concerning a revenue provision; or

'(III) any legal interpretation of State law, foreign law, or other Federal law relating to the assessment or collection of any liability under a revenue provision.

'(B) REVENUE PROVISION DEFINED.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'revenue provision' means any existing or former internal revenue law, regulation, revenue ruling, revenue procedure, other published or unpublished guidance, or tax treaty, either in general or as applied to specific taxpayers or groups of specific taxpayers.

 

'(2) ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS TREATED AS CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--The Secretary may by regulation provide that this section shall apply to any advice or instruction prepared and issued by the Office of Chief Counsel which is not described in paragraph (1).

'(3) DELETIONS FOR CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--In the case of Chief Counsel advice open to public inspection pursuant to this section--

 

'(A) paragraphs (2) through (7) of subsection (c) shall not apply, but

'(B) the Secretary may make deletions of material in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) of section 552 of title 5, United States Code, except that in applying subsection (b)(3) of such section, no statutory provision of this title shall be taken into account.

 

'(4) NOTICE OF INTENTION TO DISCLOSE.--

 

'(A) NONTAXPAYER-SPECIFIC CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--In the case of Chief Counsel advice which is written without reference to a specific taxpayer or group of specific taxpayers--

 

'(i) subsection (f)(1) shall not apply; and

'(ii) the Secretary shall, within 60 days after the issuance of the Chief Counsel advice, complete any deletions described in subsection (c)(1) or paragraph (3) and make the Chief Counsel advice, as so edited, open for public inspection.

 

'(B) TAXPAYER-SPECIFIC CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--In the case of Chief Counsel advice which is written with respect to a specific taxpayer or group of specific taxpayers, the Secretary shall, within 60 days after the issuance of the Chief Counsel advice, mail the notice required by subsection (f)(1) to each such taxpayer. The notice shall include a copy of the Chief Counsel advice on which is indicated the information that the Secretary proposes to delete pursuant to subsection (c)(1). The Secretary may also delete from the copy of the text of the Chief Counsel advice any of the information described in paragraph (3), and shall delete the names, addresses, and other identifying details of taxpayers other than the person to whom the advice pertains, except that the Secretary shall not delete from the copy of the Chief Counsel advice that is furnished to the taxpayer any information of which that taxpayer was the source.'.
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Section 6110(f)(1) is amended by striking 'The Secretary' and inserting 'Except as otherwise provided by subsection (i), the Secretary'.

(2) Paragraphs (1)(B) and (2) of section 6110(j)(1), as redesignated by this section, are amended by striking 'subsection (g)' each place it appears and inserting 'subsection (g) or (i)(4)(B)'.

(3) Section 6110(k)(1)(B), as so redesignated, is amended by striking 'subsection (c)' and inserting 'subsection (c)(1) or (i)(3)'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to any Chief Counsel advice issued more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) TRANSITION RULES.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to any Chief Counsel advice issued after December 31, 1985, and before the 91st day after the date of the enactment of this Act by the offices of the associate chief counsel for domestic, employee benefits and exempt organizations, and international, except that any such Chief Counsel advice shall be treated as made available on a timely basis if such advice is made available for public inspection not later than the following dates:

 

(A) One year after the date of the enactment of this Act, in the case of all litigation guideline memoranda, service center advice, tax litigation bulletins, criminal tax bulletins, and general litigation bulletins.

(B) Eighteen months after such date of enactment, in the case of field service advice and technical assistance to the field issued on or after January 1, 1994.

(C) Three years after such date of enactment, in the case of field service advice and technical assistance to the field issued on or after January 1, 1992, and before January 1, 1994.

(D) Six years after such date of enactment, in the case of any other Chief Counsel advice issued after December 31, 1985.

 

(3) DOCUMENTS TREATED AS CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE.--If the Secretary of the Treasury by regulation provides pursuant to section 6110(i)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section, that any additional advice or instruction issued by the Office of Chief Counsel shall be treated as Chief Counsel advice, such additional advice or instruction shall be made available for public inspection pursuant to section 6110 of such Code, as amended by this section, only in accordance with the effective date set forth in such regulation.

(4) CHIEF COUNSEL ADVICE TO BE AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY.--The Internal Revenue Service shall make any Chief Counsel advice issued more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and made available for public inspection pursuant to section 6110 of such Code, as amended by this section, also available by computer telecommunications within 1 year after issuance.

Subtitle G--Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics

 

 

SEC. 3601. LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINICS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 77 (relating to miscellaneous provisions), as amended by section 3411, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

 

'SEC. 7526. LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINICS.

 

'(a) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriated funds, make grants to provide matching funds for the development, expansion, or continuation of qualified low-income taxpayer clinics.

'(b) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section--

 

'(1) QUALIFIED LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified low-income taxpayer clinic' means a clinic that--

 

'(i) does not charge more than a nominal fee for its services (except for reimbursement of actual costs incurred); and

'(ii)(I) represents low-income taxpayers in controversies with the Internal Revenue Service; or

 

'(II) operates programs to inform individuals for whom English is a second language about their rights and responsibilities under this title.
'(B) REPRESENTATION OF LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS.--A clinic meets the requirements of subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) if--

 

'(i) at least 90 percent of the taxpayers represented by the clinic have incomes which do not exceed 250 percent of the poverty level, as determined in accordance with criteria established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; and

'(ii) the amount in controversy for any taxable year generally does not exceed the amount specified in section 7463.

'(2) CLINIC.--The term 'clinic' includes--

 

'(A) a clinical program at an accredited law, business, or accounting school in which students represent low-income taxpayers in controversies arising under this title; and

'(B) an organization described in section 501(c) and exempt from tax under section 501(a) which satisfies the requirements of paragraph (1) through representation of taxpayers or referral of taxpayers to qualified representatives.

 

'(3) QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVE.--The term 'qualified representative' means any individual (whether or not an attorney) who is authorized to practice before the Internal Revenue Service or the applicable court.

 

'(c) SPECIAL RULES AND LIMITATIONS.--

 

'(1) AGGREGATE LIMITATION.--Unless otherwise provided by specific appropriation, the Secretary shall not allocate more than $6,000,000 per year (exclusive of costs of administering the program) to grants under this section.

'(2) LIMITATION ON ANNUAL GRANTS TO A CLINIC.--The aggregate amount of grants which may be made under this section to a clinic for a year shall not exceed $100,000.

'(3) MULTI-YEAR GRANTS.--Upon application of a qualified low-income taxpayer clinic, the Secretary is authorized to award a multi-year grant not to exceed 3 years.

'(4) CRITERIA FOR AWARDS.--In determining whether to make a grant under this section, the Secretary shall consider--

 

'(A) the numbers of taxpayers who will be served by the clinic, including the number of taxpayers in the geographical area for whom English is a second language;

'(B) the existence of other low-income taxpayer clinics serving the same population;

'(C) the quality of the program offered by the low-income taxpayer clinic, including the qualifications of its administrators and qualified representatives, and its record, if any, in providing service to low-income taxpayers; and

'(D) alternative funding sources available to the clinic, including amounts received from other grants and contributions, and the endowment and resources of the institution sponsoring the clinic.

 

'(5) REQUIREMENT OF MATCHING FUNDS.--A low-income taxpayer clinic must provide matching funds on a dollar-for-dollar basis for all grants provided under this section. Matching funds may include--

 

'(A) the salary (including fringe benefits) of individuals performing services for the clinic; and

'(B) the cost of equipment used in the clinic. Indirect expenses, including general overhead of the institution sponsoring the clinic, shall not be counted as matching funds.'.

(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for chapter 77, as amended by section 3411, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

 

'Sec. 7526. Low-income taxpayer clinics.'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
Subtitle H--Other Matters

 

 

SEC. 3701. CATALOGING COMPLAINTS.

In collecting data for the report required under section 1211 of the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2 (Public Law 104-168), the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, not later than January 1, 2000, maintain records of taxpayer complaints of misconduct by Internal Revenue Service employees on an individual employee basis.

SEC. 3702. ARCHIVE OF RECORDS OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (l) of section 6103 (relating to confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return information) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(17) DISCLOSURE TO NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION.--The Secretary shall, upon written request from the Archivist of the United States, disclose or authorize the disclosure of returns and return information to officers and employees of the National Archives and Records Administration for purposes of, and only to the extent necessary in, the appraisal of records for destruction or retention. No such officer or employee shall, except to the extent authorized by subsection (f), (i)(7), or (p), disclose any return or return information disclosed under the preceding sentence to any person other than to the Secretary, or to another officer or employee of the National Archives and Records Administration whose official duties require such disclosure for purposes of such appraisal.'.

 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--Section 6103(p) is amended--

 

(1) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking 'or (16)' and inserting '(16), or (17)';

(2) in paragraph (4), by striking 'or (14)' and inserting ', (14), or (17)' in the matter preceding subparagraph (A); and

(3) in paragraph (4)(F)(ii), by striking 'or (15)' and inserting ', (15), or (17)'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to requests made by the Archivist of the United States after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3703. PAYMENT OF TAXES.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall establish such rules, regulations, and procedures as are necessary to allow payment of taxes by check or money order made payable to the United States Treasury.

SEC. 3704. CLARIFICATION OF AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY RELATING TO THE MAKING OF ELECTIONS.

Subsection (d) of section 7805 is amended by striking 'by regulations or forms'.

SEC. 3705. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE EMPLOYEE CONTACTS.

 

(a) NOTICE.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall provide that--

 

(1) any manually generated correspondence received by a taxpayer from the Internal Revenue Service shall include in a prominent manner the name, telephone number, and unique identifying number of an Internal Revenue Service employee the taxpayer may contact with respect to the correspondence;

(2) any other correspondence or notice received by a taxpayer from the Internal Revenue Service shall include in a prominent manner a telephone number that the taxpayer may contact; and

(3) an Internal Revenue Service employee shall give a taxpayer during a telephone or personal contact the employee's name and unique identifying number.

 

(b) SINGLE CONTACT.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall develop a procedure under which, to the extent practicable and if advantageous to the taxpayer, one Internal Revenue Service employee shall be assigned to handle a taxpayer's matter until it is resolved.

(c) TELEPHONE HELPLINE IN SPANISH.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall provide, in appropriate circumstances, that taxpayer questions on telephone helplines of the Internal Revenue Service are answered in Spanish.

(d) OTHER TELEPHONE HELPLINE OPTIONS.--The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall provide, in appropriate circumstances, on telephone helplines of the Internal Revenue Service an option for any taxpayer to talk to an Internal Revenue Service employee during normal business hours. The person shall direct phone questions of the taxpayer to other Internal Revenue Service personnel who can provide assistance to the taxpayer.

(e) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, this section shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) SUBSECTION (c).--Subsection (c) shall take effect on January 1, 2000.

(3) SUBSECTION (d).--Subsection (d) shall take effect on January 1, 2000.

(4) UNIQUE IDENTIFYING NUMBER.--Any requirement under this section to provide a unique identifying number shall take effect 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 3706. USE OF PSEUDONYMS BY INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE EMPLOYEES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Any employee of the Internal Revenue Service may use a pseudonym only if--

 

(1) adequate justification for the use of a pseudonym is provided by the employee, including protection of personal safety; and

(2) such use is approved by the employee's supervisor before the pseudonym is used.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--Subsection (a) shall apply to requests made after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3707. ILLEGAL TAX PROTESTER DESIGNATION.

 

(a) PROHIBITION.--The officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service--

 

(1) shall not designate taxpayers as illegal tax protesters (or any similar designation); and

(2) in the case of any such designation made on or before the date of the enactment of this Act--

 

(A) shall remove such designation from the individual master file; and

(B) shall disregard any such designation not located in the individual master file.

(b) DESIGNATION OF NONFILERS ALLOWED.--An officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service may designate any appropriate taxpayer as a nonfiler, but shall remove such designation once the taxpayer has filed income tax returns for 2 consecutive taxable years and paid all taxes shown on such returns.

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The provisions of this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, except that the removal of any designation under subsection (a)(2)(A) shall not be required to begin before January 1, 1999.

 

SEC. 3708. PROVISION OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION TO CONGRESS BY WHISTLEBLOWERS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6103(f) (relating to disclosure to committees of Congress) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(5) DISCLOSURE BY WHISTLEBLOWER.--Any person who otherwise has or had access to any return or return information under this section may disclose such return or return information to a committee referred to in paragraph (1) or any individual authorized to receive or inspect information under paragraph (4)(A) if such person believes such return or return information may relate to possible misconduct, maladministration, or taxpayer abuse.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3709. LISTING OF LOCAL INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES.

The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall, as soon as practicable, provide that the local telephone numbers and addresses of Internal Revenue Service offices located in any particular area be listed in a telephone book for that area.

SEC. 3710. IDENTIFICATION OF RETURN PREPARERS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--The last sentence of section 6109(a) (relating to identifying numbers) is amended by striking 'For purposes of this subsection' and inserting 'For purposes of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 3711. OFFSET OF PAST-DUE, LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE STATE INCOME TAX OBLIGATIONS AGAINST OVERPAYMENTS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6402 (relating to authority to make credits or refunds), as amended by section 3505, is amended by redesignating subsections (e) through (j) as subsections (f) through (k), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (d) the following new subsection:

'(e) COLLECTION OF PAST-DUE, LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE STATE INCOME TAX OBLIGATIONS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Upon receiving notice from any State that a named person owes a past-due, legally enforceable State income tax obligation to such State, the Secretary shall, under such conditions as may be prescribed by the Secretary--

 

'(A) reduce the amount of any overpayment payable to such person by the amount of such State income tax obligation;

'(B) pay the amount by which such overpayment is reduced under subparagraph (A) to such State and notify such State of such person's name, taxpayer identification number, address, and the amount collected; and

'(C) notify the person making such overpayment that the overpayment has been reduced by an amount necessary to satisfy a past-due, legally enforceable State income tax obligation.

 

If an offset is made pursuant to a joint return, the notice under subparagraph (B) shall include the names, taxpayer identification numbers, and addresses of each person filing such return.

'(2) OFFSET PERMITTED ONLY AGAINST RESIDENTS OF STATE SEEKING OFFSET.--Paragraph (1) shall apply to an overpayment by any person for a taxable year only if the address shown on the Federal return for such taxable year of the overpayment is an address within the State seeking the offset.

'(3) PRIORITIES FOR OFFSET.--Any overpayment by a person shall be reduced pursuant to this subsection--

 

'(A) after such overpayment is reduced pursuant to--

 

'(i) subsection (a) with respect to any liability for any internal revenue tax on the part of the person who made the overpayment;

'(ii) subsection (c) with respect to past-due support; and

'(iii) subsection (d) with respect to any past-due, legally enforceable debt owed to a Federal agency; and

 

'(B) before such overpayment is credited to the future liability for any Federal internal revenue tax of such person pursuant to subsection (b).

 

If the Secretary receives notice from one or more agencies of the State of more than one debt subject to paragraph (1) that is owed by such person to such an agency, any overpayment by such person shall be applied against such debts in the order in which such debts accrued.

'(4) NOTICE; CONSIDERATION OF EVIDENCE.--No State may take action under this subsection until such State--

 

'(A) notifies by certified mail with return receipt the person owing the past-due State income tax liability that the State proposes to take action pursuant to this section;

'(B) gives such person at least 60 days to present evidence that all or part of such liability is not past-due or not legally enforceable;

'(C) considers any evidence presented by such person and determines that an amount of such debt is past-due and legally enforceable; and

'(D) satisfies such other conditions as the Secretary may prescribe to ensure that the determination made under subparagraph (C) is valid and that the State has made reasonable efforts to obtain payment of such State income tax obligation.

 

'(5) PAST-DUE, LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE STATE INCOME TAX OBLIGATION.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'past-due, legally enforceable State income tax obligation' means a debt--

 

'(A)(i) which resulted from--
'(I) a judgment rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction which has determined an amount of State income tax to be due; or

'(II) a determination after an administrative hearing which has determined an amount of State income tax to be due; and

 

'(ii) which is no longer subject to judicial review; or

 

'(B) which resulted from a State income tax which has been assessed but not collected, the time for redetermination of which has expired, and which has not been delinquent for more than 10 years.

 

For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'State income tax' includes any local income tax administered by the chief tax administration agency of the State.

'(6) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall issue regulations prescribing the time and manner in which States must submit notices of past-due, legally enforceable State income tax obligations and the necessary information that must be contained in or accompany such notices. The regulations shall specify the types of State income taxes and the minimum amount of debt to which the reduction procedure established by paragraph (1) may be applied. The regulations may require States to pay a fee to reimburse the Secretary for the cost of applying such procedure. Any fee paid to the Secretary pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be used to reimburse appropriations which bore all or part of the cost of applying such procedure.

'(7) ERRONEOUS PAYMENT TO STATE.--Any State receiving notice from the Secretary that an erroneous payment has been made to such State under paragraph (1) shall pay promptly to the Secretary, in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, an amount equal to the amount of such erroneous payment (without regard to whether any other amounts payable to such State under such paragraph have been paid to such State).'.

 

(b) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION TO STATES REQUESTING REFUND OFFSETS FOR PAST-DUE, LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE STATE INCOME TAX OBLIGATIONS.--

 

(1) Paragraph (10) of section 6103(l) is amended by striking '(c) or (d)' each place it appears and inserting '(c), (d), or (e)'.

(2) The heading for paragraph (10) is amended by striking 'SECTION 6402(c) OR 6402(d)' AND INSERTING 'SUBSECTION (c), (d), OR (e) OF SECTION 6402'.

 

(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Subsection (a) of section 6402 is amended by striking '(c) and (d)' and inserting '(c), (d), and (e)'.

(2) Paragraph (2) of section 6402(d) is amended by striking 'and before such overpayment' and inserting 'and before such overpayment is reduced pursuant to subsection (e) and before such overpayment'.

(3) Subsection (f) of section 6402, as redesignated by subsection (a), is amended--

 

(A) by striking '(c) or (d)' and inserting '(c), (d), or (e)'; and

(B) by striking 'Federal agency' and inserting 'Federal agency or State'.

 

(4) Subsection (h) of section 6402, as redesignated by subsection (a), is amended by striking 'subsection (c)' and inserting 'subsection (c) or (e)'.

 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section (other than subsection (d)) shall apply to refunds payable under section 6402 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 after December 31, 1999.

 

SEC. 3712. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH EDUCATION TAX CREDIT.

 

(a) AMOUNTS TO BE REPORTED.--Subparagraph (C) of section 6050S(b)(2) is amended--

 

(1) by redesignating clauses (ii) and (iii) as clauses (iii) and (iv), respectively, and by inserting after clause (i) the following new clause:
'(ii) the amount of any grant received by such individual for payment of costs of attendance and processed by the person making such return during such calendar year,';
(2) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by inserting 'by the person making such return' after 'year'; and

(3) in clause (iv) (as so redesignated), by inserting 'and' at the end.

 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

(1) Paragraph (2) of section 6050S(d) is amended by striking 'aggregate'.

(2) Subsection (e) of section 6050S is amended by inserting '(without regard to subsection (g)(2) thereof)' after 'section 25A'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to returns required to be filed with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1998.
Subtitle I--Studies

 

 

SEC. 3801. ADMINISTRATION OF PENALTIES AND INTEREST.

The Joint Committee on Taxation and the Secretary of the Treasury shall each conduct a separate study--

(1) reviewing the administration and implementation by the Internal Revenue Service of the interest and penalty provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (including the penalty reform provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989); and

(2) making any legislative and administrative recommendations the Committee or the Secretary deems appropriate to simplify penalty or interest administration and reduce taxpayer burden. Such studies shall be submitted to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 3802. CONFIDENTIALITY OF TAX RETURN INFORMATION.

The Joint Committee on Taxation and the Secretary of the Treasury shall each conduct a separate study of the scope and use of provisions regarding taxpayer confidentiality, and shall report the findings of such study, together with such recommendations as the Committee or the Secretary deems appropriate, to the Congress not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act. Such study shall examine--

(1) the present protections for taxpayer privacy;

(2) any need for third parties to use tax return information;

(3) whether greater levels of voluntary compliance may be achieved by allowing the public to know who is legally required to file tax returns, but does not file tax returns;

(4) the interrelationship of the taxpayer confidentiality provisions in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with such provisions in other Federal law, including section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the 'Freedom of Information Act');

(5) the impact on taxpayer privacy of the sharing of income tax return information for purposes of enforcement of State and local tax laws other than income tax laws, and including the impact on the taxpayer privacy intended to be protected at the Federal, State, and local levels under Public Law 105-35, the Taxpayer Browsing Protection Act of 1997; and

(6) whether the public interest would be served by greater disclosure of information relating to tax exempt organizations described in section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 3803. STUDY OF NONCOMPLIANCE WITH INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS BY TAXPAYERS.

Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall jointly conduct a study, in consultation with the Joint Committee on Taxation, of the noncompliance with internal revenue laws by taxpayers (including willful noncompliance and noncompliance due to tax law complexity or other factors) and report the findings of such study to Congress.

SEC. 3804. STUDY OF PAYMENTS MADE FOR DETECTION OF UNDERPAYMENTS AND FRAUD.

Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study and report to Congress on the use of section 7623 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 including--

(1) an analysis of the present use of such section and the results of such use; and

(2) any legislative or administrative recommendations regarding the provisions of such section and its application.

TITLE IV--CONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE

 

 

Subtitle A--Oversight

 

 

SEC. 4001. EXPANSION OF DUTIES OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 8021 (relating to the powers of the Joint Committee on Taxation) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:

'(e) INVESTIGATIONS.--The Joint Committee shall review all requests (other than requests by the chairman or ranking member of a committee or subcommittee) for investigations of the Internal Revenue Service by the General Accounting Office, and approve such requests when appropriate, with a view towards eliminating overlapping investigations, ensuring that the General Accounting Office has the capacity to handle the investigation, and ensuring that investigations focus on areas of primary importance to tax administration.

'(f) RELATING TO JOINT REVIEWS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Chief of Staff, and the staff of the Joint Committee, shall provide such assistance as is required for joint reviews described in paragraph (2).

'(2) JOINT REVIEWS.--Before June 1 of each calendar year after 1998 and before 2004, there shall be a joint review of the strategic plans and budget for the Internal Revenue Service and such other matters as the Chairman of the Joint Committee deems appropriate. Such joint review shall be held at the call of the Chairman of the Joint Committee and shall include two members of the majority and one member of the minority from each of the Committees on Finance, Appropriations, and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committees on Ways and Means, Appropriations, and Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) Subsection (e) of section 8021 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall apply to requests made after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) Subsection (f) of such section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4002. COORDINATED OVERSIGHT REPORTS.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (3) of section 8022 (relating to the duties of the Joint Committee on Taxation) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(3) REPORTS.--

 

'(A) To report, from time to time, to the Committee on Finance and the Committee on Ways and Means, and, in its discretion, to the Senate or House of Representatives, or both, the results of its investigations, together with such recommendations as it may deem advisable.

'(B) Subject to amounts specifically appropriated to carry out this subparagraph, to report, at least once each Congress, to the Committee on Finance and the Committee on Ways and Means on the overall state of the Federal tax system, together with recommendations with respect to possible simplification proposals and other matters relating to the administration of the Federal tax system as it may deem advisable.

'(C) To report, for each calendar year after 1998 and before 2004, to the Committees on Finance, Appropriations, and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and to the Committees on Ways and Means, Appropriations, and Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives, with respect to--

 

'(i) strategic and business plans for the Internal Revenue Service;

'(ii) progress of the Internal Revenue Service in meeting its objectives;

'(iii) the budget for the Internal Revenue Service and whether it supports its objectives;

'(iv) progress of the Internal Revenue Service in improving taxpayer service and compliance;

'(v) progress of the Internal Revenue Service on technology modernization; and

'(vi) the annual filing season.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
Subtitle B--Century Date Change

 

 

SEC. 4011. CENTURY DATE CHANGE.

It is the sense of the Congress that--

(1) the Internal Revenue Service should place a high priority on resolving the century date change computing problems; and

(2) the Internal Revenue Service efforts to resolve the century date change computing problems should be funded fully to provide for certain resolution of such problems.

Subtitle C--Tax Law Complexity

 

 

SEC. 4021. ROLE OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

It is the sense of the Congress that the Internal Revenue Service should provide Congress with an independent view of tax administration, and that during the legislative process, the tax writing committees of Congress should hear from front-line technical experts at the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the administrability of pending amendments to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 4022. TAX LAW COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS.

 

(a) COMMISSIONER STUDY.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall conduct each year after 1998 an analysis of the sources of complexity in administration of the Federal tax laws. Such analysis may include an analysis of--

 

(A) questions frequently asked by taxpayers with respect to return filing;

(B) common errors made by taxpayers in filling out their returns;

(C) areas of law which frequently result in disagreements between taxpayers and the Internal Revenue Service;

(D) major areas of law in which there is no (or incomplete) published guidance or in which the law is uncertain;

(E) areas in which revenue officers make frequent errors interpreting or applying the law;

(F) the impact of recent legislation on complexity; and

(G) forms supplied by the Internal Revenue Service, including the time it takes for taxpayers to complete and review forms, the number of taxpayers who use each form, and how recent legislation has affected the time it takes to complete and review forms.

 

(2) REPORT.--The Commissioner shall not later than March 1 of each year report the results of the analysis conducted under paragraph (1) for the preceding year to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate. The report shall include any recommendations--

 

(A) for reducing the complexity of the administration of Federal tax laws; and

(B) for repeal or modification of any provision the Commissioner believes adds undue and unnecessary complexity to the administration of the Federal tax laws.

(b) ANALYSIS TO ACCOMPANY CERTAIN LEGISLATION.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The Joint Committee on Taxation, in consultation with the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of the Treasury, shall include a tax complexity analysis in each report for legislation, or provide such analysis to members of the committee reporting the legislation as soon as practicable after the report is filed, if--

 

(A) such legislation is reported by the Committee on Finance in the Senate, the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, or any committee of conference; and

(B) such legislation includes a provision which would directly or indirectly amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and which has widespread applicability to individuals or small businesses.

 

(2) TAX COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'tax complexity analysis' means, with respect to any legislation, a report on the complexity and administrative difficulties of each provision described in paragraph (1)(B) which--

 

(A) includes--

 

(i) an estimate of the number of taxpayers affected by the provision; and

(ii) if applicable, the income level of taxpayers affected by the provision; and

 

(B) should include (if determinable)--

 

(i) the extent to which tax forms supplied by the Internal Revenue Service would require revision and whether any new forms would be required;

(ii) the extent to which taxpayers would be required to keep additional records;

(iii) the estimated cost to taxpayers to comply with the provision;

(iv) the extent to which enactment of the provision would require the Internal Revenue Service to develop or modify regulatory guidance;

(v) the extent to which the provision may result in disagreements between taxpayers and the Internal Revenue Service; and

(vi) any expected impact on the Internal Revenue Service from the provision (including the impact on internal training, revision of the Internal Revenue Manual, reprogramming of computers, and the extent to which the Internal Revenue Service would be required to divert or redirect resources in response to the provision).

(3) LEGISLATION SUBJECT TO POINT OF ORDER IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.--

 

(A) LEGISLATION REPORTED BY COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS.--Clause 2(l) of rule XI of the Rules of the House of Representatives is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(8) The report of the Committee on Ways and Means on any bill or joint resolution containing any provision amending the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall include a Tax Complexity Analysis prepared by the Joint Committee on Taxation in accordance with section 4022(b) of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 unless the Committee on Ways and Means causes to have such Analysis printed in the Congressional Record prior to the consideration of the bill or joint resolution.'.

 

(B) CONFERENCE REPORTS.--Rule XXVIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives is amended by adding at the end the following new clause:
'7. It shall not be in order to consider the report of a committee of conference which contains any provision amending the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 unless--

 

'(a) the accompanying joint explanatory statement contains a Tax Complexity Analysis prepared by the Joint Committee on Taxation in accordance with section 4022(b) of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998; or

'(b) such Analysis is printed in the Congressional Record prior to the consideration of the report.'.

(C) RULES OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.--This paragraph is enacted by the House of Representatives--

 

(i) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives, and as such it is deemed a part of the Rules of the House, and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent therewith; and

(ii) with full recognition of the constitutional right of the House to change its rules at any time, in the same manner and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of the House.

(4) EFFECTIVE DATE.--This subsection shall apply to legislation considered on and after January 1, 1999.
TITLE V--ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

 

 

SEC. 5001. LOWER CAPITAL GAINS RATES TO APPLY TO PROPERTY HELD MORE THAN 1 YEAR.

 

(a) GENERAL RULE.--

 

(1) Paragraph (5) of section 1(h) is amended to read as follows:

'(5) 28-PERCENT RATE GAIN.--For purposes of this subsection, the term '28-percent rate gain' means the excess (if any) of--

 

'(A) the sum of--

 

'(i) collectibles gain; and

'(ii) section 1202 gain, over

 

'(B) the sum of--

 

'(i) collectibles loss;

'(ii) the net short-term capital loss; and

'(iii) the amount of long-term capital loss carried under section 1212(b)(1)(B) to the taxable year.'.

(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 1(h)(6) is amended by striking '18 months' and inserting '1 year'.

(3) Clauses (i) and (ii) of section 1(h)(7)(A) are amended to read as follows:

'(i) the amount of long-term capital gain (not otherwise treated as ordinary income) which would be treated as ordinary income if section 1250(b)(1) included all depreciation and the applicable percentage under section 1250(a) were 100 percent, over

'(ii) the excess (if any) of--

 

'(I) the amount described in paragraph (5)(B); over

'(II) the amount described in paragraph (5)(A).'.

(4) So much of paragraph (13) of section 1(h) as precedes subparagraph (C) is amended to read as follows:

'(13) SPECIAL RULES.--

 

'(A) DETERMINATION OF 28-PERCENT RATE GAIN.--In applying paragraph (5)--

 

'(i) the amount determined under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (5) shall include long-term capital gain (not otherwise described in such subparagraph)--

 

'(I) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997; or

'(II) from property held not more than 18 months which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after July 28, 1997, and before January 1, 1998;

 

'(ii) the amount determined under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) shall include long-term capital loss (not otherwise described in such subparagraph)--

 

'(I) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997; or

'(II) from property held not more than 18 months which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after July 28, 1997, and before January 1, 1998; and

 

'(iii) subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) (as in effect immediately before the enactment of this clause) shall apply to amounts properly taken into account before January 1, 1998.

 

'(B) DETERMINATION OF UNRECAPTURED SECTION 1250 GAIN.--The amount determined under paragraph (7)(A) shall not include gain--

 

'(i) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997; or

'(ii) from property held not more than 18 months which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after July 28, 1997, and before January 1, 1998.'.

(5) Paragraphs (11) and (12) of section 1223, and section 1235(a), are each amended by striking '18 months' each place it appears and inserting '1 year'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1997.

(2) SUBSECTION (a)(5).--The amendments made by subsection (a)(5) shall take effect on January 1, 1998.

SEC. 5002. CLARIFICATION OF EXCLUSION OF MEALS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (b) of section 119 (relating to meals or lodging furnished for the convenience of the employer) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(4) MEALS FURNISHED TO EMPLOYEES ON BUSINESS PREMISES WHERE MEALS OF MOST EMPLOYEES ARE OTHERWISE EXCLUDABLE.--All meals furnished on the business premises of an employer to such employer's employees shall be treated as furnished for the convenience of the employer if, without regard to this paragraph, more than half of the employees to whom such meals are furnished on such premises are furnished such meals for the convenience of the employer.'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 5003. CLARIFICATION OF DESIGNATION OF NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS.

 

(a) FINDINGS AND POLICY.--

 

(1) FINDINGS.--The Congress makes the following findings:

 

(A) Since the 18th century, the principle of nondiscrimination among countries with which the United States has trade relations, commonly referred to as 'most-favored-nation' treatment, has been a cornerstone of United States trade policy.

(B) Although the principle remains firmly in place as a fundamental concept in United States trade relations, the term 'most-favored-nation' is a misnomer which has led to public misunderstanding.

(C) It is neither the purpose nor the effect of the most-favored-nation principle to treat any country as 'most favored'. To the contrary, the principle reflects the intention to confer on a country the same trade benefits that are conferred on any other country, that is, the intention not to discriminate among trading partners.

(D) The term 'normal trade relations' is a more accurate description of the principle of nondiscrimination as it applies to the tariffs applicable generally to imports from United States trading partners, that is, the general rates of duty set forth in column 1 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.

 

(2) POLICY.--It is the sense of the Congress that--

 

(A) the language used in United States laws, treaties, agreements, executive orders, directives, and regulations should more clearly and accurately reflect the underlying principles of United States trade policy; and

(B) accordingly, the term 'normal trade relations' should, where appropriate, be substituted for the term 'most-favored-nation'.

(b) CHANGE IN TERMINOLOGY.--

 

(1) TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962.--The heading for section 251 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1881) is amended to read as follows: 'normal trade relations'.

(2) TRADE ACT OF 1974.--

 

(A) Section 402 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2432) is amended by striking '(most-favored-nation treatment)' each place it appears and inserting '(normal trade relations)'.

(B) Section 601(9) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2481(9)) is amended by striking 'most-favored-nation treatment' and inserting 'trade treatment based on normal trade relations (known under international law as most-favored-nation treatment)'.

 

(3) CFTA.--Section 302(a)(3)(C) of the United States Canada Free-Trade Agreement Implementation Act of 1988 (19 U.S.C. 2112 note) is amended by striking 'the most-favored-nation rate of duty' each place it appears and inserting 'the general subcolumn of the column 1 rate of duty set forth in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States'.

(4) NAFTA.--Section 202(n) of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 3332(n)) is amended by striking 'most-favored-nation'.

(5) URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS ACT.--Section 135(a)(2) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3555(a)(2)) is amended by striking 'most-favored-nation' and inserting 'normal trade relations'.

(6) SEED ACT.--Section 2(c)(11) of the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401(c)(11)) is amended--

 

(A) by striking '(commonly referred to as 'most favored nation status')'; and

(B) by striking 'MOST FAVORED NATION TRADE STATUS' in the heading and inserting 'NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS'.

 

(7) UNITED STATES-HONG KONG POLICY ACT OF 1992.--Section 103(4) of the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5713(4)) is amended by striking '(commonly referred to as 'most-favored-nation status')'.

 

(c) SAVINGS PROVISIONS.--Nothing in this section shall affect the meaning of any provision of law, Executive order, Presidential proclamation, rule, regulation, delegation of authority, other document, or treaty or other international agreement of the United States relating to the principle of 'most-favored-nation' (or 'most favored nation') treatment. Any Executive order, Presidential proclamation, rule, regulation, delegation of authority, other document, or treaty or other international agreement of the United States that has been issued, made, granted, or allowed to become effective and that is in effect on the effective date of this Act, or was to become effective on or after the effective date of this Act, shall continue in effect according to its terms until modified, terminated, superseded, set aside, or revoked in accordance with law.
TITLE VI--TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS

 

 

SEC. 6001. SHORT TITLE; COORDINATION WITH OTHER TITLES.

 

(a) SHORT TITLE.--This title may be cited as the 'Tax Technical Corrections Act of 1998'.

(b) COORDINATION WITH OTHER TITLES.--For purposes of applying the amendments made by any title of this Act other than this title, the provisions of this title shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other titles.

 

SEC. 6002. DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this title--

(1) 1986 CODE.--The term '1986 Code' means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(2) 1997 ACT.--The term '1997 Act' means the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997.

SEC. 6003. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE I OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 101(a) OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (d) of section 24 of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4);

(B) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (3); and

(C) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following new paragraphs:

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a taxpayer with three or more qualifying children for any taxable year, the aggregate credits allowed under subpart C shall be increased by the lesser of--

 

'(A) the credit which would be allowed under this section without regard to this subsection and the limitation under section 26(a); or

'(B) the amount by which the aggregate amount of credits allowed by this subpart (without regard to this subsection) would increase if the limitation imposed by section 26(a) were increased by the excess (if any) of--

 

'(i) the taxpayer's Social Security taxes for the taxable year, over

'(ii) the credit allowed under section 32 (determined without regard to subsection (n)) for the taxable year.

The amount of the credit allowed under this subsection shall not be treated as a credit allowed under this subpart and shall reduce the amount of credit otherwise allowable under subsection (a) without regard to section 26(a).

'(2) REDUCTION OF CREDIT TO TAXPAYER SUBJECT TO ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX.--The credit determined under this subsection for the taxable year shall be reduced by the excess (if any) of--

 

'(A) the amount of tax imposed by section 55 (relating to alternative minimum tax) with respect to such taxpayer for such taxable year, over

'(B) the amount of the reduction under section 32(h) with respect to such taxpayer for such taxable year.'.

 

(2) Paragraph (3) of section 24(d) of the 1986 Code (as redesignated by paragraph (1)) is amended by striking 'paragraph (3)' and inserting 'paragraph (1)'.

 

(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 101(b) OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) The subsection (m) of section 32 of the 1986 Code added by section 101(b) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows:

 

'(n) SUPPLEMENTAL CHILD CREDIT.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a taxpayer with respect to whom a credit is allowed under section 24(a) for the taxable year, the credit otherwise allowable under this section shall be increased by the lesser of--

 

'(A) the excess of--

 

'(i) the credits allowed under subpart A (determined after the application of section 26 and without regard to this subsection), over

'(ii) the credits which would be allowed under subpart A after the application of section 26, determined without regard to section 24 and this subsection; or

 

'(B) the excess of--

 

'(i) the sum of the credits allowed under this part (determined without regard to sections 31, 33, and 34 and this subsection), over

'(ii) the sum of the regular tax and the Social Security taxes (as defined in section 24(d)).

The credit determined under this subsection shall be allowed without regard to any other provision of this section, including subsection (d).

'(2) COORDINATION WITH OTHER CREDITS.--The amount of the credit under this subsection shall reduce the amount of the credits otherwise allowable under subpart A for the taxable year (determined after the application of section 26), but the amount of the credit under this subsection (and such reduction) shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of any other credit allowable under this part.'.

SEC. 6004. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE II OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 201 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) The item relating to section 25A in the table of sections for subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'Sec. 25A. Hope and Lifetime Learning credits.'.
(2) Subsection (a) of section 6050S of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(a) IN GENERAL.--Any person--

 

'(1) which is an eligible educational institution--

 

'(A) which receives payments for qualified tuition and related expenses with respect to any individual for any calendar year; or

'(B) which makes reimbursements or refunds (or similar amounts) to any individual of qualified tuition and related expenses;

 

'(2) which is engaged in a trade or business of making payments to any individual under an insurance arrangement as reimbursements or refunds (or similar amounts) of qualified tuition and related expenses; or

'(3) except as provided in regulations, which is engaged in a trade or business and, in the course of which, receives from any individual interest aggregating $600 or more for any calendar year on one or more qualified education loans, shall make the return described in subsection (b) with respect to the individual at such time as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.'.

(3) Subparagraph (A) of section 201(c)(2) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows:

 

'(A) Subparagraph (B) of section 6724(d)(1) (relating to definitions) is amended by redesignating clauses (x) through (xv) as clauses (xi) through (xvi), respectively, and by inserting after clause (ix) the following new clause:

 

'(x) section 6050S (relating to returns relating to payments for qualified tuition and related expenses),'.
(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 202 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (1) of section 221(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'by the taxpayer solely' after 'incurred' the first place it appears.

(2) Subsection (d) of section 221 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'Such 60 months shall be determined in the manner prescribed by the Secretary in the case of multiple loans which are refinanced by, or serviced as, a single loan and in the case of loans incurred before the date of the enactment of this section.'.

 

(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 211 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (3) of section 135(c) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(3) ELIGIBLE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION.--The term 'eligible educational institution' has the meaning given such term by section 529(e)(5).'.

(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 529(c)(3) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 72(b)' and inserting 'section 72'.

(3) Paragraph (2) of section 529(e) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(2) MEMBER OF FAMILY.--The term 'member of the family' means, with respect to any designated beneficiary--

 

'(A) the spouse of such beneficiary;

'(B) an individual who bears a relationship to such beneficiary which is described in paragraphs (1) through (8) of section 152(a); and

'(C) the spouse of any individual described in subparagraph (B).'.

(d) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 213 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 530(b)(1) of the 1986 Code (defining education individual retirement account) is amended by inserting 'an individual who is' before 'the designated beneficiary' in the material preceding subparagraph (A).

(2)(A) Section 530(b)(1)(E) of the 1986 Code (defining education individual retirement account) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(E) Except as provided in subsection (d)(7), any balance to the credit of the designated beneficiary on the date on which the beneficiary attains age 30 shall be distributed within 30 days after such date to the beneficiary or, if the beneficiary dies before attaining age 30, shall be distributed within 30 days after the date of death of such beneficiary.'.

(B) Paragraph (7) of section 530(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting at the end the following new sentence: 'In applying the preceding sentence, members of the family (as so defined) of the designated beneficiary shall be treated in the same manner as the spouse under such paragraph (8).'.

(C) Subsection (d) of section 530 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(8) DEEMED DISTRIBUTION ON REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION DATE.--In any case in which a distribution is required under subsection (b)(1)(E), any balance to the credit of a designated beneficiary as of the close of the 30-day period referred to in such subsection for making such distribution shall be deemed distributed at the close of such period.'.

(3)(A) Paragraph (1) of section 530(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 72(b)' and inserting 'section 72'.

 

(B) Subsection (e) of section 72 of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting after paragraph (8) the following new paragraph:

 

'(9) EXTENSION OF PARAGRAPH (2)(B) TO QUALIFIED STATE TUITION PROGRAMS AND EDUCATIONAL INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, paragraph (2)(B) shall apply to amounts received under a qualified State tuition program (as defined in section 529(b)) or under an education individual retirement account (as defined in section 530(b)). The rule of paragraph (8)(B) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.'.

(4) Paragraph (2) of section 135(d) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(2) COORDINATION WITH OTHER HIGHER EDUCATION BENEFITS.--The amount of the qualified higher education expenses otherwise taken into account under subsection (a) with respect to the education of an individual shall be reduced (before the application of subsection (b)) by--

 

'(A) the amount of such expenses which are taken into account in determining the credit allowable to the taxpayer or any other person under section 25A with respect to such expenses; and

'(B) the amount of such expenses which are taken into account in determining the exclusion under section 530(d)(2).'.

 

(5) Section 530(d)(2) of the 1986 Code (relating to distributions for qualified higher education expenses) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(D) DISALLOWANCE OF EXCLUDED AMOUNTS AS CREDIT OR DEDUCTION.--No deduction or credit shall be allowed to the taxpayer under any other section of this chapter for any qualified education expenses to the extent taken into account in determining the amount of the exclusion under this paragraph.'.

 

(6) Section 530(d)(4)(B) of the 1986 Code (relating to exceptions) is amended by striking 'or' at the end of clause (ii), by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and inserting '; or', and by adding at the end the following new clause:
'(iv) an amount which is includible in gross income solely because the taxpayer elected under paragraph (2)(C) to waive the application of paragraph (2) for the taxable year.'.
(7) So much of section 530(d)(4)(C) of the 1986 Code as precedes clause (ii) thereof is amended to read as follows:

 

'(C) CONTRIBUTIONS RETURNED BEFORE DUE DATE OF RETURN.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the distribution of any contribution made during a taxable year on behalf of the designated beneficiary if--

 

'(i) such distribution is made on or before the day prescribed by law (including extensions of time) for filing the beneficiary's return of tax for the taxable year or, if the beneficiary is not required to file such a return, the 15th day of the 4th month of the taxable year following the taxable year; and'.
(8)(A) Paragraph (5) of section 530(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the following new sentence: 'Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any amount paid or distributed from an education individual retirement account to the extent that the amount received is paid, not later than the 60th day after the date of such payment or distribution, into another education individual retirement account for the benefit of the same beneficiary or a member of the family (within the meaning of section 529(e)(2)) of such beneficiary who has not attained age 30 as of such date.'.

 

(B) Paragraph (6) of section 530(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting before the period 'and has not attained age 30 as of the date of such change'.

 

(9) Subparagraph (C) of section 135(c)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by inserting 'AND EDUCATION INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS' in the heading after 'PROGRAM'; and

(B) by striking 'section 529(c)(3)(A)' and inserting 'section 72'.

 

(10)(A) Paragraph (1) of section 4973(e) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of education individual retirement accounts maintained for the benefit of any one beneficiary, the term 'excess contributions' means the sum of--

 

'(A) the amount by which the amount contributed for the taxable year to such accounts exceeds $500 (or, if less, the sum of the maximum amounts permitted to be contributed under section 530(c) by the contributors to such accounts for such year);

'(B) if any amount is contributed (other than a contribution described in section 530(b)(2)(B)) during such year to a qualified State tuition program for the benefit of such beneficiary, any amount contributed to such accounts for such taxable year; and

'(C) the amount determined under this subsection for the preceding taxable year, reduced by the sum of--

 

'(i) the distributions out of the accounts for the taxable year (other than rollover distributions); and

'(ii) the excess (if any) of the maximum amount which may be contributed to the accounts for the taxable year over the amount contributed to the accounts for the taxable year.'.

 

(B) Paragraph (2) of section 4973(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B).
(e) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 224 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Clauses (vi) and (vii) of section 170(e)(6)(B) of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking 'entity's' and inserting 'donee's'.

(2) Clause (iv) of section 170(e)(6)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'organization or entity' and inserting 'donee'.

(3) Subclause (I) of section 170(e)(6)(C)(ii) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'an entity' and inserting 'a donee'.

(4) Section 170(e)(6)(F) of the 1986 Code (relating to termination) is amended by striking '1999' and inserting '2000'.

 

(f) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 225 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) The last sentence of section 108(f)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'The term 'student loan' includes any loan made by an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii) or by an organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) to refinance a loan to an individual to assist the individual in attending any such educational organization but only if the refinancing loan is pursuant to a program of the refinancing organization which is designed as described in subparagraph (D)(ii).'.

 

(2) Section 108(f)(3) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(or by an organization described in paragraph (2)(E) from funds provided by an organization described in paragraph (2)(D))'.

 

(g) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 226 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 226(a) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'section 1397E' and inserting 'section 1397D'.

(2) Section 1397E(d)(4)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'local education agency as defined' and inserting 'local educational agency as defined'.

(3) Section 1397E is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(h) CREDIT TREATED AS ALLOWED UNDER PART IV OF SUBCHAPTER A.--For purposes of subtitle F, the credit allowed by this section shall be treated as a credit allowable under part IV of subchapter A of this chapter.'.

 

(4) Subsection (g) of section 1397E of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting '(determined without regard to subsection (c))' after 'section'.

(5) Subparagraph (D) of section 42(j)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subpart A, B, D, or G of this part' and inserting 'this chapter'.

(6) Paragraph (4) of section 49(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subpart A, B, D, or G' and inserting 'this chapter'.

(7) Subparagraph (C) of section 50(a)(5) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subpart A, B, D, or G' and inserting 'this chapter'.

SEC. 6005. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE III OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 301 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 219(g) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by inserting 'or the individual's spouse' after 'individual' in paragraph (1); and

(B) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting:

 

'(7) SPECIAL RULE FOR SPOUSES WHO ARE NOT ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS.--If this subsection applies to an individual for any taxable year solely because their spouse is an active participant, then, in applying this subsection to the individual (but not their spouse)--

 

'(A) the applicable dollar amount under paragraph (3)(B)(i) shall be $150,000; and

'(B) the amount applicable under paragraph (2)(A)(ii) shall be $10,000.'.

 

(2) Paragraph (2) of section 301(a) of the 1997 Act is amended by inserting 'after '$10,000' before the period.

 

(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 302 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 408A(c)(3)(A) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'shall be reduced' and inserting 'shall not exceed an amount equal to the amount determined under paragraph (2)(A) for such taxable year, reduced'.

(2) Section 408A(c)(3) of the 1986 Code (relating to limits based on modified adjusted gross income) is amended--

 

(A) by inserting 'or a married individual filing a separate return' after 'joint return' in subparagraph (A)(ii),

(B) in subparagraph (B)--

 

(i) by inserting ', for the taxable year of the distribution to which such contribution relates' after 'if'; and

(ii) by striking 'for such taxable year' in clause (i), and

 

(C) by striking 'and the deduction under section 219 shall be taken into account' in subparagraph (C)(i).

 

(3)(A) Section 408A(d)(2) of the 1986 Code (defining qualified distribution) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following new subparagraph:

 

'(B) DISTRIBUTIONS WITHIN NONEXCLUSION PERIOD.--A payment or distribution from a Roth IRA shall not be treated as a qualified distribution under subparagraph (A) if such payment or distribution is made within the 5-taxable year period beginning with the first taxable year for which the individual made a contribution to a Roth IRA (or such individual's spouse made a contribution to a Roth IRA) established for such individual.'.

(B) Section 408A(d)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

'(C) DISTRIBUTIONS OF EXCESS CONTRIBUTIONS AND EARNINGS.--The term 'qualified distribution' shall not include any distribution of any contribution described in section 408(d)(4) and any net income allocable to the contribution.'.

 

(4) Section 408A(d)(3) of the 1986 Code (relating to rollovers from IRAs other than Roth IRAs) is amended--

 

(A) by striking clause (iii) of subparagraph (A) and inserting:

 

'(iii) unless the taxpayer elects not to have this clause apply for any taxable year, any amount required to be included in gross income for such taxable year by reason of this paragraph for any distribution before January 1, 1999, shall be so included ratably over the 4-taxable year period beginning with such taxable year. Any election under clause (iii) for any distributions during a taxable year may not be changed after the due date for such taxable year.'; and

 

(B) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

'(F) SPECIAL RULES FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO WHICH 4-YEAR AVERAGING APPLIES.--In the case of a qualified rollover contribution to a Roth IRA of a distribution to which subparagraph (A)(iii) applied, the following rules shall apply:

 

'(i) ACCELERATION OF INCLUSION.--

 

'(I) IN GENERAL.--The amount required to be included in gross income for each of the first 3 taxable years in the 4-year period under subparagraph (A)(iii) shall be increased by the aggregate distributions from Roth IRAs for such taxable year which are allocable under paragraph (4) to the portion of such qualified rollover contribution required to be included in gross income under subparagraph (A)(i).

'(II) LIMITATION ON AGGREGATE AMOUNT INCLUDED.--The amount required to be included in gross income for any taxable year under subparagraph (A)(iii) shall not exceed the aggregate amount required to be included in gross income under subparagraph (A)(iii) for all taxable years in the 4-year period (without regard to subclause (I)) reduced by amounts included for all preceding taxable years.

 

'(ii) DEATH OF DISTRIBUTEE.--

 

'(I) IN GENERAL.--If the individual required to include amounts in gross income under such subparagraph dies before all of such amounts are included, all remaining amounts shall be included in gross income for the taxable year which includes the date of death.

'(II) SPECIAL RULE FOR SURVIVING SPOUSE.--If the spouse of the individual described in subclause (I) acquires the individual's entire interest in any Roth IRA to which such qualified rollover contribution is properly allocable, the spouse may elect to treat the remaining amounts described in subclause (I) as includible in the spouse's gross income in the taxable years of the spouse ending with or within the taxable years of such individual in which such amounts would otherwise have been includible. Any such election may not be made or changed after the due date for the spouse's taxable year which includes the date of death.

'(G) SPECIAL RULE FOR APPLYING SECTION 72.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--If--

 

'(I) any portion of a distribution from a Roth IRA is properly allocable to a qualified rollover contribution described in this paragraph; and

'(II) such distribution is made within the 5-taxable year period beginning with the taxable year in which such contribution was made, then section 72(t) shall be applied as if such portion were includible in gross income.

 

'(ii) LIMITATION.--Clause (i) shall apply only to the extent of the amount of the qualified rollover contribution includible in gross income under subparagraph (A)(i).'.
(5)(A) Section 408A(d)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(4) AGGREGATION AND ORDERING RULES.--

 

'(A) AGGREGATION RULES.--Section 408(d)(2) shall be applied separately with respect to Roth IRAs and other individual retirement plans.

'(B) ORDERING RULES.--For purposes of applying this section and section 72 to any distribution from a Roth IRA, such distribution shall be treated as made--

 

'(i) from contributions to the extent that the amount of such distribution, when added to all previous distributions from the Roth IRA, does not exceed the aggregate contributions to the Roth IRA; and

'(ii) from such contributions in the following order:

 

'(I) Contributions other than qualified rollover contributions to which paragraph (3) applies.

'(II) Qualified rollover contributions to which paragraph (3) applies on a first-in, first-out basis. Any distribution allocated to a qualified rollover contribution under clause (ii)(II) shall be allocated first to the portion of such contribution required to be included in gross income.'.

(B) Section 408A(d)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(1) EXCLUSION.--Any qualified distribution from a Roth IRA shall not be includible in gross income.'.

(6)(A) Section 408A(d) of the 1986 Code (relating to distribution rules) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(6) TAXPAYER MAY MAKE ADJUSTMENTS BEFORE DUE DATE.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided by the Secretary, if, on or before the due date for any taxable year, a taxpayer transfers in a trustee-to-trustee transfer any contribution to an individual retirement plan made during such taxable year from such plan to any other individual retirement plan, then, for purposes of this chapter, such contribution shall be treated as having been made to the transferee plan (and not the transferor plan).

'(B) SPECIAL RULES.--

 

'(i) TRANSFER OF EARNINGS.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the transfer of any contribution unless such transfer is accompanied by any net income allocable to such contribution.

'(ii) NO DEDUCTION.--Subparagraph (A) shall apply to the transfer of any contribution only to the extent no deduction was allowed with respect to the contribution to the transferor plan.'.

 

(B) Section 408A(d)(3) of the 1986 Code, as amended by this subsection, is amended by striking subparagraph (D) and by redesignating subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (D), (E), and (F), respectively.

 

(7) Section 408A(d) of the 1986 Code, as amended by paragraph (6), is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(7) DUE DATE.--For purposes of this subsection, the due date for any taxable year is the date prescribed by law (including extensions of time) for filing the taxpayer's return for such taxable year.'.

(8)(A) Section 4973(f) of the 1986 Code is amended--

(i) by striking 'such accounts' in paragraph (1)(A) and inserting 'Roth IRAs'; and

(ii) by striking 'to the accounts' in paragraph (2)(B) and inserting 'by the individual to all individual retirement plans'.

 

(B) Section 4973(b) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(i) by inserting 'a contribution to a Roth IRA or' after 'other than' in paragraph (1)(A); and

(ii) by inserting '(including the amount contributed to a Roth IRA)' after 'annuities' in paragraph (2)(C).

 

(C) Section 302(b) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'Section 4973(b)' and inserting 'Section 4973'.

 

(9) Section 408A of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

 

'(f) INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT PLAN.--For purposes of this section--

 

'(1) a simplified employee pension or a simple retirement account may not be designated as a Roth IRA; and

'(2) contributions to any such pension or account shall not be taken into account for purposes of subsection (c)(2)(B).'.

 

(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 303 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 72(t)(8)(E) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking '120 days' and inserting '120th day'; and

(B) by striking '60 days' and inserting '60th day'.

 

(2)(A) Section 402(c)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'and' at the end of subparagraph (A), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting ', and', by inserting at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(C) any hardship distribution described in section 401(k)(2)(B)(i)(IV).'.

(B) Section 403(b)(8)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting '(including paragraph (4)(C) thereof)' after 'section 402(c)'.

(C) The amendments made by this paragraph shall apply to distributions after December 31, 1998.

(d) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 311 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (h) of section 1 of the 1986 Code (relating to maximum capital gains rate) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(h) MAXIMUM CAPITAL GAINS RATE.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If a taxpayer has a net capital gain for any taxable year, the tax imposed by this section for such taxable year shall not exceed the sum of--

 

'(A) a tax computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this subsection had not been enacted on the greater of--

 

'(i) taxable income reduced by the net capital gain; or

'(ii) the lesser of--

 

'(I) the amount of taxable income taxed at a rate below 28 percent; or

'(II) taxable income reduced by the adjusted net capital gain;

'(B) 10 percent of so much of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable income) as does not exceed the excess (if any) of--

 

'(i) the amount of taxable income which would (without regard to this paragraph) be taxed at a rate below 28 percent, over

'(ii) the taxable income reduced by the adjusted net capital gain;

 

'(C) 20 percent of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable income) in excess of the amount on which a tax is determined under subparagraph (B);

'(D) 25 percent of the excess (if any) of--

 

'(i) the unrecaptured section 1250 gain (or, if less, the net capital gain), over

'(ii) the excess (if any) of--

 

'(I) the sum of the amount on which tax is determined under subparagraph (A) plus the net capital gain, over

'(II) taxable income; and

'(E) 28 percent of the amount of taxable income in excess of the sum of the amounts on which tax is determined under the preceding subparagraphs of this paragraph.

 

'(2) REDUCED CAPITAL GAIN RATES FOR QUALIFIED 5-YEAR GAIN.--

 

'(A) REDUCTION IN 10-PERCENT RATE.--In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2000, the rate under paragraph (1)(B) shall be 8 percent with respect to so much of the amount to which the 10-percent rate would otherwise apply as does not exceed qualified 5-year gain, and 10 percent with respect to the remainder of such amount.

'(B) REDUCTION IN 20-PERCENT RATE.--The rate under paragraph (1)(C) shall be 18 percent with respect to so much of the amount to which the 20-percent rate would otherwise apply as does not exceed the lesser of--

 

'(i) the excess of qualified 5-year gain over the amount of such gain taken into account under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; or

'(ii) the amount of qualified 5-year gain (determined by taking into account only property the holding period for which begins after December 31, 2000), and 20 percent with respect to the remainder of such amount.

 

For purposes of determining under the preceding sentence whether the holding period of property begins after December 31, 2000, the holding period of property acquired pursuant to the exercise of an option (or other right or obligation to acquire property) shall include the period such option (or other right or obligation) was held.

 

'(3) NET CAPITAL GAIN TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT AS INVESTMENT INCOME.--For purposes of this subsection, the net capital gain for any taxable year shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount which the taxpayer takes into account as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B)(iii).

'(4) ADJUSTED NET CAPITAL GAIN.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'adjusted net capital gain' means net capital gain reduced (but not below zero) by the sum of--

 

'(A) unrecaptured section 1250 gain; and

'(B) 28-percent rate gain.

 

'(5) 28-PERCENT RATE GAIN.--For purposes of this subsection--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The term '28-percent rate gain' means the excess (if any) of--

 

'(i) the sum of--

 

'(I) the aggregate long-term capital gain from property held for more than 1 year but not more than 18 months;

'(II) collectibles gain; and

'(III) section 1202 gain, over

 

'(ii) the sum of--

 

'(I) the aggregate long-term capital loss (not described in subclause (IV)) from property referred to in clause (i)(I);

'(II) collectibles loss;

'(III) the net short-term capital loss; and

'(IV) the amount of long-term capital loss carried under section 1212(b)(1)(B) to the taxable year.

'(B) SPECIAL RULES.--

 

'(i) SHORT SALE GAINS AND HOLDING PERIODS.--Rules similar to the rules of section 1233(b) shall apply where the substantially identical property has been held more than 1 year but not more than 18 months; except that, for purposes of such rules--

 

'(I) section 1233(b)(1) shall be applied by substituting '18 months' for '1 year' each place it appears; and

'(II) the holding period of such property shall be treated as being 1 year on the day before the earlier of the date of the closing of the short sale or the date such property is disposed of.

 

'(ii) LONG-TERM LOSSES.--Section 1233(d) shall be applied separately by substituting '18 months' for '1 year' each place it appears.

'(iii) OPTIONS.--A rule similar to the rule of section 1092(f) shall apply where the stock was held for more than 18 months.

'(iv) SECTION 1256 CONTRACTS.--Amounts treated as long-term capital gain or loss under section 1256(a)(3) shall be treated as attributable to property held for more than 18 months.

'(6) COLLECTIBLES GAIN AND LOSS.--For purposes of this subsection--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The terms 'collectibles gain' and 'collectibles loss' mean gain or loss (respectively) from the sale or exchange of a collectible (as defined in section 408(m) without regard to paragraph (3) thereof) which is a capital asset held for more than 18 months but only to the extent such gain is taken into account in computing gross income and such loss is taken into account in computing taxable income.

'(B) PARTNERSHIPS, ETC.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), any gain from the sale of an interest in a partnership, S corporation, or trust which is attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of collectibles shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a collectible. Rules similar to the rules of section 751 shall apply for purposes of the preceding sentence.

 

'(7) UNRECAPTURED SECTION 1250 GAIN.--For purposes of this subsection--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'unrecaptured section 1250 gain' means the excess (if any) of--

 

'(i) the amount of long-term capital gain (not otherwise treated as ordinary income) which would be treated as ordinary income if--

 

'(I) section 1250(b)(1) included all depreciation and the applicable percentage under section 1250(a) were 100 percent, and

'(II) only gain from property held for more than 18 months were taken into account, over

 

'(ii) the excess (if any) of--

 

'(I) the amount described in paragraph (5)(A)(ii), over

'(II) the amount described in paragraph (5)(A)(i).

'(B) LIMITATION WITH RESPECT TO SECTION 1231 PROPERTY.--The amount described in subparagraph (A)(i) from sales, exchanges, and conversions described in section 1231(a)(3)(A) for any taxable year shall not exceed the net section 1231 gain (as defined in section 1231(c)(3)) for such year.

 

'(8) SECTION 1202 GAIN.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'section 1202 gain' means an amount equal to the gain excluded from gross income under section 1202(a).

'(9) QUALIFIED 5-YEAR GAIN.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified 5-year gain' means the aggregate long-term capital gain from property held for more than 5 years. The determination under the preceding sentence shall be made without regard to collectibles gain, gain described in paragraph (7)(A)(i), and section 1202 gain.

'(10) COORDINATION WITH RECAPTURE OF NET ORDINARY LOSSES UNDER SECTION 1231.--If any amount is treated as ordinary income under section 1231(c), such amount shall be allocated among the separate categories of net section 1231 gain (as defined in section 1231(c)(3)) in such manner as the Secretary may by forms or regulations prescribe.

'(11) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as are appropriate (including regulations requiring reporting) to apply this subsection in the case of sales and exchanges by pass-thru entities and of interests in such entities.

'(12) PASS-THRU ENTITY DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'pass-thru entity' means--

 

'(A) a regulated investment company;

'(B) a real estate investment trust;

'(C) an S corporation;

'(D) a partnership;

'(E) an estate or trust;

'(F) a common trust fund;

'(G) a foreign investment company which is described in section 1246(b)(1) and for which an election is in effect under section 1247; and

'(H) a qualified electing fund (as defined in section 1295).

 

'(13) SPECIAL RULES FOR PERIODS DURING 1997.--

 

'(A) DETERMINATION OF 28-PERCENT RATE GAIN.--In applying paragraph (5)--

 

'(i) the amount determined under subclause (I) of paragraph (5)(A)(i) shall include long-term capital gain (not otherwise described in paragraph (5)(A)(i)) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997;

'(ii) the amounts determined under subclause (I) of paragraph (5)(A)(ii) shall include long-term capital loss (not otherwise described in paragraph (5)(A)(ii)) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997; and

'(iii) clauses (i)(I) and (ii)(I) of paragraph (5)(A) shall be applied by not taking into account any gain and loss on property held for more than 1 year but not more than 18 months which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after May 6, 1997, and before July 29, 1997.

 

'(B) OTHER SPECIAL RULES.--

 

'(i) DETERMINATION OF UNRECAPTURED SECTION 1250 GAIN NOT TO INCLUDE PRE-MAY 7, 1997 GAIN.--The amount determined under paragraph (7)(A)(i) shall not include gain properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997.

'(ii) OTHER TRANSITIONAL RULES FOR 18-MONTH HOLDING PERIOD.--Paragraphs (6)(A) and (7)(A)(i)(II) shall be applied by substituting '1 year' for '18 months' with respect to gain properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after May 6, 1997, and before July 29, 1997.

 

'(C) SPECIAL RULES FOR PASS-THRU ENTITIES.--In applying this paragraph with respect to any pass-thru entity, the determination of when gains and loss are properly taken into account shall be made at the entity level.'.

 

(2) Paragraph (3) of section 55(b) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(3) MAXIMUM RATE OF TAX ON NET CAPITAL GAIN OF NONCORPORATE TAXPAYERS.--The amount determined under the first sentence of paragraph (1)(A)(i) shall not exceed the sum of--

 

'(A) the amount determined under such first sentence computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this paragraph had not been enacted on the taxable excess reduced by the lesser of--

 

'(i) the net capital gain; or

'(ii) the sum of--

 

'(I) the adjusted net capital gain, plus

'(II) the unrecaptured section 1250 gain, plus

'(B) 10 percent of so much of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable excess) as does not exceed the amount on which a tax is determined under section 1(h)(1)(B), plus

'(C) 20 percent of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable excess) in excess of the amount on which tax is determined under subparagraph (B), plus

'(D) 25 percent of the amount of taxable excess in excess of the sum of the amounts on which tax is determined under the preceding subparagraphs of this paragraph.

 

In the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, rules similar to the rules of section 1(h)(2) shall apply for purposes of subparagraphs (B) and (C). Terms used in this paragraph which are also used in section 1(h) shall have the respective meanings given such terms by section 1(h) but computed with the adjustments under this part.'.

(3) Section 57(a)(7) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'In the case of stock the holding period of which begins after December 31, 2000 (determined with the application of the last sentence of section 1(h)(2)(B)), the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting '28 percent' for '42 percent'.'.

(4) Paragraphs (11) and (12) of section 1223, and section 1235(a), of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking '1 year' each place it appears and inserting '18 months'.

 

(e) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 312 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (2) of section 121(b) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(2) SPECIAL RULES FOR JOINT RETURNS.--In the case of a husband and wife who make a joint return for the taxable year of the sale or exchange of the property--

 

'(A) $500,000 LIMITATION FOR CERTAIN JOINT RETURNS.--Paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting '$500,000' for '$250,000' if--

 

'(i) either spouse meets the ownership requirements of subsection (a) with respect to such property;

'(ii) both spouses meet the use requirements of subsection (a) with respect to such property; and

'(iii) neither spouse is ineligible for the benefits of subsection (a) with respect to such property by reason of paragraph (3).

 

'(B) OTHER JOINT RETURNS.--If such spouses do not meet the requirements of subparagraph (A), the limitation under paragraph (1) shall be the sum of the limitations under paragraph (1) to which each spouse would be entitled if such spouses had not been married. For purposes of the preceding sentence, each spouse shall be treated as owning the property during the period that either spouse owned the property.'.

 

(2) Section 121(c)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a sale or exchange to which this subsection applies, the ownership and use requirements of subsection (a), and subsection (b)(3), shall not apply; but the dollar limitation under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b), whichever is applicable, shall be equal to--

 

'(A) the amount which bears the same ratio to such limitation (determined without regard to this paragraph) as

'(B)(i) the shorter of--

'(I) the aggregate periods, during the 5-year period ending on the date of such sale or exchange, such property has been owned and used by the taxpayer as the taxpayer's principal residence; or

'(II) the period after the date of the most recent prior sale or exchange by the taxpayer to which subsection (a) applied and before the date of such sale or exchange, bears to

 

'(ii) 2 years.'.
(3) Section 312(d)(2) of the 1997 Act (relating to sales before date of the enactment) is amended by inserting 'on or' before 'before' each place it appears in the text and heading.

 

(f) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 313 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (a) of section 1045 of such Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking 'an individual' and inserting 'a taxpayer other than a corporation'; and

(B) by striking 'such individual' and inserting 'such taxpayer'.

 

(2) Subsection (b) of section 1045 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(5) CERTAIN RULES TO APPLY.--Rules similar to the rules of subsections (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), and (k) of section 1202 shall apply.'.

SEC. 6006. AMENDMENT RELATED TO TITLE IV OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 401 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (1) of section 55(e) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--

 

'(A) $7,500,000 GROSS RECEIPTS TEST.--The tentative minimum tax of a corporation shall be zero for any taxable year if the corporation's average annual gross receipts for all 3-taxable-year periods ending before such taxable year does not exceed $7,500,000. For purposes of the preceding sentence, only taxable years beginning after December 31, 1993, shall be taken into account.

'(B) $5,000,000 GROSS RECEIPTS TEST FOR FIRST 3-YEAR PERIOD.--Subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting '$5,000,000' for '$7,500,000' for the first 3-taxable-year period (or portion thereof) of the corporation which is taken into account under subparagraph (A).

'(C) FIRST TAXABLE YEAR CORPORATION IN EXISTENCE.--If such taxable year is the first taxable year that such corporation is in existence, the tentative minimum tax of such corporation for such year shall be zero.

'(D) SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this paragraph, the rules of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 448(c) shall apply.'.

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 402 OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (c) of section 168 of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(1) by striking paragraph (2), and

(2) by striking the portion of such subsection preceding the table in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

 

'(c) APPLICABLE RECOVERY PERIOD.--For purposes of this section, the applicable recovery period shall be determined in accordance with the following table:'.

 

SEC. 6007. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE V OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 501 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (c) of section 2631 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(c) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any calendar year after 1998, the $1,000,000 amount contained in subsection (a) shall be increased by an amount equal to--

 

'(A) $1,000,000, multiplied by

'(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for such calendar year by substituting 'calendar year 1997' for 'calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B) thereof.

 

If any amount as adjusted under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $10,000, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $10,000.

'(2) ALLOCATION OF INCREASE.--Any increase under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall apply only to generation-skipping transfers made during or after such calendar year; except that no such increase for calendar years after the calendar year in which the transferor dies shall apply to transfers by such transferor.'.

(2) Subsection (f) of section 501 of the 1997 Act is amended by inserting '(other than the amendment made by subsection (d))' after 'this section'.

 

(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 502 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1)(A) Section 2033A of the 1986 Code is hereby moved to the end of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 11 of the 1986 Code and redesignated as section 2057.

 

(B) So much of such section 2057 (as so redesignated) as precedes subsection (b) thereof is amended to read as follows:
'SEC. 2057. FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESS INTERESTS.

 

'(a) GENERAL RULE.--

 

'(1) ALLOWANCE OF DEDUCTION.--For purposes of the tax imposed by section 2001, in the case of an estate of a decedent to which this section applies, the value of the taxable estate shall be determined by deducting from the value of the gross estate the adjusted value of the qualified family-owned business interests of the decedent which are described in subsection (b)(2).

'(2) MAXIMUM DEDUCTION.--The deduction allowed by this section shall not exceed $675,000.

'(3) COORDINATION WITH UNIFIED CREDIT.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), if this section applies to an estate, the applicable exclusion amount under section 2010 shall be $625,000.

'(B) INCREASE IN UNIFIED CREDIT IF DEDUCTION IS LESS THAN $675,000.--If the deduction allowed by this section is less than $675,000, the amount of the applicable exclusion amount under section 2010 shall be increased (but not above the amount which would apply to the estate without regard to this section) by the excess of $675,000 over the amount of the deduction allowed.'.

(C) Subparagraph (A) of section 2057(b)(2) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by striking '(without regard to this section)'.

(D) Subsection (c) of section 2057 of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by striking '(determined without regard to this section)'.

(E) The table of sections for part III of subchapter A of chapter 11 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the item relating to section 2033A.

(F) The table of sections for part IV of such subchapter is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

'Sec. 2057. Family-owned business interests.'.
(2) Section 2057(b)(3) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended to read as follows:

'(3) INCLUDIBLE GIFTS OF INTERESTS.--The amount of the gifts of qualified family-owned business interests determined under this paragraph is the sum of--

 

'(A) the amount of such gifts from the decedent to members of the decedent's family taken into account under section 2001(b)(1)(B), plus

'(B) the amount of such gifts otherwise excluded under section 2503(b),

 

to the extent such interests are continuously held by members of such family (other than the decedent's spouse) between the date of the gift and the date of the decedent's death.'.

(3)(A) Section 2057(e)(2)(C) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by striking '(as defined in section 543(a))' and inserting '(as defined in section 543(a) without regard to paragraph (2)(B) thereof) if such trade or business were a corporation'.

 

(B) Clause (ii) of section 2057(e)(2)(D) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by striking 'income of which is described in section 543(a) or' and inserting 'personal holding company income (as defined in subparagraph (C)) or income described'.

(C) Paragraph (2) of section 2057(e) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by adding at the end the following new flush sentence:

 

'In the case of a lease of property on a net cash basis by the decedent to a member of the decedent's family, income from such lease shall not be treated as personal holding company income for purposes of subparagraph (C), and such property shall not be treated as an asset described in subparagraph (D)(ii), if such income and property would not be so treated if the lessor had engaged directly in the activities engaged in by the lessee with respect to such property.'.

(4) Paragraph (2) of section 2057(f) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended--

 

(A) by striking '(as determined under rules similar to the rules of section 2032A(c)(2)(B))'; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

'(C) ADJUSTED TAX DIFFERENCE.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--The adjusted tax difference attributable to a qualified family-owned business interest is the amount which bears the same ratio to the adjusted tax difference with respect to the estate (determined under clause (ii)) as the value of such interest bears to the value of all qualified family-owned business interests described in subsection (b)(2).

'(ii) ADJUSTED TAX DIFFERENCE WITH RESPECT TO THE ESTATE.--For purposes of clause (i), the term 'adjusted tax difference with respect to the estate' means the excess of what would have been the estate tax liability but for the election under this section over the estate tax liability. For purposes of this clause, the term 'estate tax liability' means the tax imposed by section 2001 reduced by the credits allowable against such tax.'.

(5)(A) Paragraph (1) of section 2057(e) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by adding at the end the following new flush sentence:

'For purposes of the preceding sentence, a decedent shall be treated as engaged in a trade or business if any member of the decedent's family is engaged in such trade or business.'.

 

(B) Subsection (f) of section 2057 of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(3) USE IN TRADE OR BUSINESS BY FAMILY MEMBERS.--A qualified heir shall not be treated as disposing of an interest described in subsection (e)(1)(A) by reason of ceasing to be engaged in a trade or business so long as the property to which such interest relates is used in a trade or business by any member of such individual's family.'.

(6) Paragraph (1) of section 2057(g) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by striking 'or (M)'.

(7) Paragraph (3) of section 2057(i) of the 1986 Code (as so redesignated) is amended by redesignating subparagraphs (L), (M), and (N) as subparagraphs (N), (O), and (P), respectively, and by inserting after subparagraph (K) the following new subparagraphs:

 

'(L) Section 2032A(g) (relating to application to interests in partnerships, corporations, and trusts).

'(M) Subsections (h) and (i) of section 2032A.'.

(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 503 OF THE 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Clause (iii) of section 6166(b)(7)(A) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'(iii) for purposes of applying section 6601(j), the 2-percent portion (as defined in such section) shall be treated as being zero.'.
(2) Clause (iii) of section 6166(b)(8)(A) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'(iii) 2-PERCENT INTEREST RATE NOT TO APPLY.--For purposes of applying section 6601(j), the 2-percent portion (as defined in such section) shall be treated as being zero.'.
(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 505 OF THE 1997 ACT.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 7479(a) of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking 'an estate,' and inserting 'an estate (or with respect to any property included therein),'.

(e) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 506 OF THE 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (1) of section 506(e) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'and (c)' and inserting ', (c), and (d)'.

(2)(A) Paragraph (9) of section 6501(c) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the last sentence.

 

(B) Subsection (f) of section 2001 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'(f) VALUATION OF GIFTS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--If the time has expired under section 6501 within which a tax may be assessed under chapter 12 (or under corresponding provisions of prior laws) on--

 

'(A) the transfer of property by gift made during a preceding calendar period (as defined in section 2502(b)); or

'(B) an increase in taxable gifts required under section 2701(d),

 

the value thereof shall, for purposes of computing the tax under this chapter, be the value as finally determined for purposes of chapter 12.

'(2) FINAL DETERMINATION.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a value shall be treated as finally determined for purposes of chapter 12 if--

 

'(A) the value is shown on a return under such chapter and such value is not contested by the Secretary before the expiration of the time referred to in paragraph (1) with respect to such return;

'(B) in a case not described in subparagraph (A), the value is specified by the Secretary and such value is not timely contested by the taxpayer; or

'(C) the value is determined by a court or pursuant to a settlement agreement with the Secretary.'.

(C) Subsection (c) of section 2504 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(c) VALUATION OF GIFTS.--If the time has expired under section 6501 within which a tax may be assessed under this chapter 12 (or under corresponding provisions of prior laws) on--

 

'(1) the transfer of property by gift made during a preceding calendar period (as defined in section 2502(b)); or

'(2) an increase in taxable gifts required under section 2701(d), the value thereof shall, for purposes of computing the tax under this chapter, be the value as finally determined (within the meaning of section 2001(f)(2)) for purposes of this chapter.'.

 

(f) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 507 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (3) of section 1(g) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking subparagraph (C) and by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (C).

(2) Section 641 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking subsection (c) and by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).

(3) Paragraph (4) of section 1361(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 641(d)' and inserting 'section 641(c)'.

(4) Subparagraph (A) of section 6103(e)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking clause (ii) and by redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv) as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively.

 

(g) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 508 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (c) of section 2031 of the 1986 Code is amended by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (10) and by inserting after paragraph (8) the following new paragraph:

'(9) TREATMENT OF EASEMENTS GRANTED AFTER DEATH.--In any case in which the qualified conservation easement is granted after the date of the decedent's death and on or before the due date (including extensions) for filing the return of tax imposed by section 2001, the deduction under section 2055(f) with respect to such easement shall be allowed to the estate but only if no charitable deduction is allowed under chapter 1 to any person with respect to the grant of such easement.'.

(2) The first sentence of paragraph (6) of section 2031(c) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking all that follows 'shall be made' and inserting 'on or before the due date (including extensions) for filing the return of tax imposed by section 2001 and shall be made on such return.'.

SEC. 6008. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE VII OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1400 OF 1986 CODE.--Section 1400(b)(2)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'as determined on the basis of the 1990 census' after 'percent'.

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1400A OF 1986 CODE.--Subsection (a) of section 1400A of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting before the period 'and section 1394(b)(3)(B)(iii) shall be applied without regard to the employee residency requirement'.

(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1400B OF 1986 CODE.--

 

(1) Section 1400B(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph:

'(5) TREATMENT OF DC ZONE TERMINATION.--The termination of the designation of the DC Zone shall be disregarded for purposes of determining whether any property is a DC Zone asset.'.

(2) Paragraph (6) of section 1400B(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(4)(A)(ii)' and inserting '(4)(A)(i) or (ii)'.

(3) Section 1400B(c) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'entity which is an'.

(4) Section 1400B(d)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'as determined on the basis of the 1990 census' after 'percent'.

 

(d) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1400C OF 1986 CODE.--

 

(1) Paragraph (1) of section 1400C(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'and subsection (d)' after 'this subsection'.

(2) Paragraph (1) of section 1400C(c) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'first-time homebuyer' means any individual if such individual (and if married, such individual's spouse) had no present ownership interest in a principal residence in the District of Columbia during the 1-year period ending on the date of the purchase of the principal residence to which this section applies.'.

(3) Subparagraph (B) of section 1400C(e)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting before the period 'on the date the taxpayer first occupies such residence'.

(4) Paragraph (3) of section 1400C(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking all that follows 'principal residence' and inserting 'on the date such residence is purchased.'.

(5) Subsection (i) of section 1400C of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(i) APPLICATION OF SECTION.--This section shall apply to property purchased after August 4, 1997, and before January 1, 2001.'.
(6) Subsection (c) of section 23 of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'and section 1400C' after 'other than this section'.

(7) Subparagraph (C) of section 25(e)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 23' and inserting 'sections 23 and 1400C'.

SEC. 6009. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE IX OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 908 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (6) of section 5041(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'which is a still wine' after 'hard cider'.

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 964 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (C) of section 7704(g)(3) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting 'and shall be paid by the partnership. Section 6655 shall be applied to such partnership with respect to such tax in the same manner as if the partnership were a corporation, such tax were imposed by section 11, and references in such section to taxable income were references to the gross income referred to in subparagraph (A).'.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The second sentence of section 7704(g)(3)(C) of the 1986 Code (as added by paragraph (1)) shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

(c) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 971 OF 1997 ACT.--Clause (ii) of section 280F(a)(1)(C) is amended by striking 'subparagraph (A)' and inserting 'subparagraphs (A) and (B)'.

(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 976 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 6103(d)(5) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 967 of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997.' and inserting 'section 976 of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. Subsections (a)(2) and (p)(4) and sections 7213 and 7213A shall not apply with respect to disclosures or inspections made pursuant to this paragraph.'.

(e) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 977 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (2) of section 977(e) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows:

 

'(2) NON-AMTRAK STATE.--The term 'non-Amtrak State' means any State which is not receiving intercity passenger rail service from the Corporation as of the date of the enactment of this Act.'.
SEC. 6010. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE X OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1001 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (2) of section 1259(b) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking 'debt' each place it appears in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A) and inserting 'position';

(B) by striking 'and' at the end of subparagraph (A); and

(C) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C) and by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new subparagraph:

'(B) any hedge with respect to a position described in subparagraph (A), and'.

 

(2) Section 1259(d)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting '(including cash)' after 'property'.

(3) Subparagraph (D) of section 475(f)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'Subsection (d)(3) shall not apply under the preceding sentence for purposes of applying sections 1402 and 7704.'.

(4) Subparagraph (C) of section 1001(d)(3) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'within the 30-day period beginning on' and inserting 'before the close of the 30th day after'.

 

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1011 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (1) of section 1059(g) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'and in the case of stock held by pass-thru entities' and inserting ', in the case of stock held by pass-thru entities, and in the case of consolidated groups'.

(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1012 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (1) of section 1012(d) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking '1997, pursuant' and inserting '1997; except that the amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to such distributions only if pursuant'.

(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 355(e)(3) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking 'shall not be treated as described in' and inserting 'shall not be taken into account in applying'; and

(B) by striking clause (iv) and inserting the following new clause:

 

'(iv) The acquisition of stock in the distributing corporation or any controlled corporation to the extent that the percentage of stock owned directly or indirectly in such corporation by each person owning stock in such corporation immediately before the acquisition does not decrease.'.
(3)(A) Subsection (c) of section 351 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(c) SPECIAL RULES WHERE DISTRIBUTION TO SHAREHOLDERS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In determining control for purposes of this section, the fact that any corporate transferor distributes part or all of the stock in the corporation which it receives in the exchange to its shareholders shall not be taken into account.

'(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR SECTION 355.--If the requirements of section 355 (or so much of section 356 as relates to section 355) are met with respect to a distribution described in paragraph (1), then, solely for purposes of determining the tax treatment of the transfers of property to the controlled corporation by the distributing corporation, the fact that the shareholders of the distributing corporation dispose of part or all of the distributed stock shall not be taken into account in determining control for purposes of this section.'.

 

(B) Clause (ii) of section 368(a)(2)(H) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(ii) in the case of a transaction with respect to which the requirements of section 355 (or so much of section 356 as relates to section 355) are met, the fact that the shareholders of the distributing corporation dispose of part or all of the distributed stock shall not be taken into account.'.
(d) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1013 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (5) of section 304(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B).

(2) Subsection (b) of section 304 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(6) AVOIDANCE OF MULTIPLE INCLUSIONS, ETC.--In the case of any acquisition to which subsection (a) applies in which the acquiring corporation or the issuing corporation is a foreign corporation, the Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as are appropriate in order to eliminate a multiple inclusion of any item in income by reason of this subpart and to provide appropriate basis adjustments (including modifications to the application of sections 959 and 961).'.

 

(e) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1014 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (1) of section 351(g) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding 'and' at the end of subparagraph (A) and by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following new subparagraph:

 

'(B) if (and only if) the transferor receives stock other than nonqualified preferred stock--

 

'(i) subsection (b) shall apply to such transferor; and

'(ii) such nonqualified preferred stock shall be treated as other property for purposes of applying subsection (b).'.

(2) Clause (ii) of section 354(a)(2)(C) of 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subclause:
'(III) EXTENSION OF STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.--The statutory period for the assessment of any deficiency attributable to a corporation failing to be a family-owned corporation shall not expire before the expiration of 3 years after the date the Secretary is notified by the corporation (in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe) of such failure, and such deficiency may be assessed before the expiration of such 3-year period notwithstanding the provisions of any other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such assessment.'.
(f) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1024 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 6331(h)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'The effect of a levy' and inserting 'If the Secretary approves a levy under this subsection, the effect of such levy'.

(g) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1031 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (l) of section 4041 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subsection (e) or (f)' and inserting 'subsection (f) or (g)'.

(2) Subsection (b) of section 9502 of the 1986 Code is amended by moving the sentence added at the end of paragraph (1) to the end of such subsection.

(3) Subsection (c) of section 6421 of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking '(2)(A)' and inserting '(2)'; and

(B) by adding at the end the following sentence: 'Subsection (a) shall not apply to gasoline to which this subsection applies.'.

(h) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1032 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 1032(a) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'Subsection (a) of section 4083' and inserting 'Paragraph (1) of section 4083(a)'.

(2) Section 1032(e)(12)(A) of the 1997 Act shall be applied as if 'gasoline, diesel fuel,' were the material proposed to be stricken.

(3) Paragraph (1) of section 4082(d) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'(1) AVIATION-GRADE KEROSENE.--Subsection (a)(2) shall not apply to aviation-grade kerosene (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) which the Secretary determines is destined for use as a fuel in an aircraft.'.

(4) Paragraph (3) of section 4082(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'a removal, entry, or sale of kerosene to' and inserting 'kerosene received by'.

(5) Paragraph (1) of section 4101(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'dyed diesel fuel and kerosene' and inserting 'such fuel in a dyed form'.

 

(i) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1034 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (3) of section 4251(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'other similar arrangement' and inserting 'any other similar arrangement'.

(j) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1041 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subparagraph (A) of section 512(b)(13) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'or accrues' after 'receives'.

(2) Subclause (I) of section 512(b)(13)(B)(i) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(as defined in section 513A(a)(5)(A))'.

(3) Paragraph (2) of section 1041(b) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows:

'(2) BINDING CONTRACTS.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any amount received or accrued during the first 2 taxable years beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act if such amount is received or accrued pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on June 8, 1997, and at all times thereafter before such amount is received or accrued. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any amount which would (but for the exercise of an option to accelerate payment of such amount) be received or accrued after such 2 taxable years.'.

 

(k) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1053 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 853 of the 1986 Code is amended by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f) and by inserting after subsection (d) the following new subsection:

 

'(e) TREATMENT OF TAXES NOT ALLOWED AS A CREDIT UNDER SECTION 901(k).--This section shall not apply to any tax with respect to which the regulated investment company is not allowed a credit under section 901 by reason of section 901(k).'.

 

(2) Subsection (c) of section 853 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the last sentence.

(3) Subparagraph (A) of section 901(k)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'securities business' and inserting 'business as a securities dealer'.

 

(l) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1055 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 6611(g)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(e), and (h)' and inserting 'and (e)'.

(m) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1061 OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (c) of section 751 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '731' each place it appears and inserting '731, 732,'.

(n) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1083 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 1083(a)(2) of the 1997 Act is amended--

 

(1) by striking '21' and inserting '20'; and

(2) by striking '22' and inserting '21'.

 

(o) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1084 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (3) of section 264(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subsection (c)' and inserting 'subsection (d)'.

(2) Paragraph (4) of section 264(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subsection (d)' and inserting 'subsection (e)'.

(3)(A) Paragraph (4) of section 264(f) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(E) MASTER CONTRACTS.--If coverage for each insured under a master contract is treated as a separate contract for purposes of sections 817(h), 7702, and 7702A, coverage for each such insured shall be treated as a separate contract for purposes of subparagraph (A). For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'master contract' shall not include any group life insurance contract (as defined in section 848(e)(2)).'.

(B) The second sentence of section 1084(d) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'but' and all that follows and inserting 'except that, in the case of a master contract (within the meaning of section 264(f)(4)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), the addition of covered lives shall be treated as a new contract only with respect to such additional covered lives.'.

 

(4)(A) Clause (iv) of section 264(f)(5)(A) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the second sentence.

 

(B) Subparagraph (B) of section 6724(d)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'or' at the end of clause (xv), by striking the period at the end of clause (xvi) and inserting '; or', and by adding at the end the following new clause:

 

'(xvii) section 264(f)(5)(A)(iv) (relating to reporting with respect to certain life insurance and annuity contracts).'.

 

(C) Paragraph (2) of section 6724(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'or' at the end of subparagraph (Y), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (Z) and inserting 'or', and by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

'(AA) section 264(f)(5)(A)(iv) (relating to reporting with respect to certain life insurance and annuity contracts).'.

 

(5) Subparagraph (A) of section 264(f)(8) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subsection (d)(5)(B)' and inserting 'subsection (e)(5)(B)'.

 

(p) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1085 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (5) of section 32(c) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by inserting before the period at the end of subparagraph (A) 'and increased by the amounts described in subparagraph (C)';

(B) by adding 'or' at the end of clause (iii) of subparagraph (B); and

(C) by striking all that follows subclause (II) of subparagraph (B)(iv) and inserting the following:

'(III) other trades or businesses. For purposes of clause (iv), there shall not be taken into account items which are attributable to a trade or business which consists of the performance of services by the taxpayer as an employee.
'(C) CERTAIN AMOUNTS INCLUDED.--An amount is described in this subparagraph if it is--

 

'(i) interest received or accrued during the taxable year which is exempt from tax imposed by this chapter; or

'(ii) amounts received as a pension or annuity, and any distributions or payments received from an individual retirement plan, by the taxpayer during the taxable year to the extent not included in gross income.

 

Clause (ii) shall not include any amount which is not includible in gross income by reason of a trustee-to-trustee transfer or a rollover distribution.'.

 

(2) Clause (v) of section 32(c)(2)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'shall be taken into account' before ', but only'.

(3) The text of paragraph (3) of section 1085(a) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows: 'Paragraph (2) of section 6213(g) (relating to the definition of mathematical or clerical errors) is amended by striking 'and' at the end of subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (J) and inserting ', and', and by inserting after subparagraph (J) the following new subparagraph:

 

'(K) an omission of information required by section 32(k)(2) (relating to taxpayers making improper prior claims of earned income credit).'.
(q) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1088 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 1088(b)(2)(C) of the 1997 Act is amended by inserting 'more than 1 year' before 'after'.

(r) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1089 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(C) of section 664(d) of the 1986 Code are each amended by adding ', and' at the end.

 

SEC. 6011. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE XI OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1103 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (3) of section 59(a) added by section 1103 of the 1997 Act is redesignated as paragraph (4).

(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1121 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (e) of section 1297 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

'(4) TREATMENT OF HOLDERS OF OPTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to stock treated as owned by a person by reason of section 1298(a)(4) (relating to the treatment of a person that has an option to acquire stock as owning such stock) unless such person establishes that such stock is owned (within the meaning of section 958(a)) by a United States shareholder (as defined in section 951(b)) who is not exempt from tax under this chapter.'.

(2) Section 1298(a)(2)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence:

 

'Section 1297(e) shall not apply in determining whether a corporation is a passive foreign investment company for purposes of this subparagraph.'.
(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1122 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 672(f)(3)(B) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 1296' and inserting 'section 1297'.

(2) Paragraph (1) of section 1291(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'In the case of stock which is marked to market under section 475 or any other provision of this chapter, this section shall not apply, except that rules similar to the rules of section 1296(j) shall apply.'.

(3) Subsection (d) of section 1296 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence:

 

'In the case of a regulated investment company which elected to mark-to-market the stock held by such company as of the last day of the taxable year preceding such company's first taxable year for which such company elects the application of this section, the amount referred to in paragraph (1) shall include amounts included in gross income under such mark-to-market with respect to such stock for prior taxable years.'.

(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1123 OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (e) of section 1297 of the 1986 Code added by section 1123 of the 1997 Act is redesignated as subsection (f).

(e) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1131 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 991 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'except for the tax imposed by chapter 5'.

(2) Section 6013 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'chapters 1 and 5' each place it appears in paragraphs (1)(A) and (5) of subsection (g) and in subsection (h)(1) and inserting 'chapter 1'.

 

(f) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1142 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (2) of section 6038(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'by regulations'.

(2) Paragraph (3) of section 6038(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'such information' and all that follows through the period and inserting 'the Secretary has prescribed the furnishing of such information on or before the first day of such annual accounting period.'.

(3) Paragraph (4) of section 6038(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'corporation' and inserting 'foreign business entity' each place it appears.

 

(g) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1144 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1144(c) of the 1997 Act are each amended by striking '6038B(b)' and inserting '6038B(c) (as redesignated by subsection (b))'.

 

SEC. 6012. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE XII OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1204 OF 1997 ACT.--The last sentence of section 162(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'investigate' and all that follows and inserting 'investigate or prosecute, or provide support services for the investigation or prosecution of, a Federal crime.'.

(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1205 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 6311(e)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 6103(k)(8)' and inserting 'section 6103(k)(9)'.

(2) Paragraph (8) of section 6103(k) of the 1986 Code (as added by section 1205(c)(1) of the 1997 Act) is redesignated as paragraph (9).

(3) Subsection (g) of section 7431 of the 1986 Code added by section 1205 of the 1997 Act is redesignated as subsection (h) and is amended by striking '(8)' in the heading and inserting '(9)'.

(4) Section 1205(c)(3) of the 1997 Act shall be applied as if it read as follows:

'(3) Section 6103(p)(3)(A), as amended by section 1026(b)(1)(A) of the 1997 Act, is amended by striking 'or (8)' and inserting '(8), or (9)'.

(5) Section 1213(b) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'section 6724(d)(1)(A)' and inserting 'section 6724(d)(1)'.

 

(c) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1221 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (2) of section 774(d) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting before the period 'or 857(b)(3)(D)'.

(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1223 OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (c) of section 6724 of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting before the period '(more than 100 information returns in the case of a partnership having more than 100 partners)'.

(e) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1226 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 1226 of the 1997 Act is amended by striking 'ending on or' and inserting 'beginning'.

(f) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1231 OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (c) of section 6211 of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'SUBCHAPTER C' in the heading and inserting 'SUBCHAPTERS C AND D'; and

(2) by striking 'subchapter C' in the text and inserting 'subchapters C and D'.

 

(g) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1256 OF 1997 ACT.--Subparagraph (A) of section 857(d)(3) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'earliest accumulated earnings and profits (other than earnings and profits to which subsection (a)(2)(A) applies)' and inserting 'earliest earnings and profits accumulated in any taxable year to which the provisions of this part did not apply'.

(h) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1285 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 7430(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4).

 

SEC. 6013. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE XIII OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1305 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 646 of the 1986 Code is redesignated as section 645.

(2) The item relating to section 646 in the table of sections for subpart A of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'Sec. 646' and inserting 'Sec. 645'.

(3) Paragraph (1) of section 2652(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 646' and inserting 'section 645'.

(4)(A) Paragraph (1) of section 2652(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the second sentence.

 

(B) Subsection (b) of section 2654 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'For purposes of this subsection, a trust shall be treated as part of an estate during any period that the trust is so treated under section 645.'.
(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1309 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Subsection (b) of section 685 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new flush sentence:

 

'A trust shall not fail to be treated as meeting the requirement of paragraph (6) by reason of the death of an individual but only during the 60-day period beginning on the date of such death.'.

 

(2) Subsection (f) of section 685 of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting before the period at the end 'and of trusts terminated during the year'.
SEC. 6014. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE XIV OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1421 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (1) of section 5054(a) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by inserting ', or imported into the United States and transferred to a brewery free of tax under section 5418,' after 'produced in the United States' in the text; and

(B) by inserting '; CERTAIN IMPORTED BEER' after 'PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES' in the heading.

 

(2) Paragraph (2) of section 5054(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'and not transferred to a brewery free of tax under section 5418' after 'United States'.

(3) Section 5056 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'produced in the United States' each place it appears and inserting 'removed for consumption or sale'.

 

(b) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1422 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Paragraph (2) of section 5043(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'which are not transferred to a bonded wine cellar free of tax under section 5364' after 'foreign wines'.

(2) Subsection (a) of section 5044 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'produced in the United States' and inserting 'removed from a bonded wine cellar'.

(3) Section 5364 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'Wine imported or brought into' and inserting 'Natural wine (as defined in section 5381) imported or brought into'.

 

(c) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1434 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (2) of section 4052(f) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'this section' and inserting 'such section'.

(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1436 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (2) of section 4091(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'or on which tax has been credited or refunded' after 'such paragraph'.

(e) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1453 OF 1997 ACT.--Subparagraph (D) of section 7430(c)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subparagraph (A)(iii)' and inserting 'subparagraph (A)(ii)'.

 

SEC. 6015. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE XV OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1501 OF 1997 ACT.--Paragraph (8) of section 408(p) of the 1986 Code added by section 1501(b) of the 1997 Act is redesignated as paragraph (9).

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1505 OF 1997 ACT.--Section 1505(d)(2) of the 1997 Act is amended by striking '(b)(12)' and inserting '(b)(12)(A)(i)'.

(c) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1529 OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) Section 1529(a) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows:

 

'(a) GENERAL RULE.--Amounts to which this section applies which are received by an individual (or the survivors of the individual) as a result of hypertension or heart disease of the individual shall be excludable from gross income under section 104(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.'.

 

(2) Section 1529(b)(1)(B) of the 1997 Act is amended to read as follows:

 

'(B) under--

 

'(i) a State law (as amended on May 19, 1992) which irrebuttably presumed that heart disease and hypertension are work-related illnesses but only for employees hired before July 1, 1992; or

'(ii) any other statute, ordinance, labor agreement, or similar provision as a disability pension payment or in the nature of a disability pension payment attributable to employment as a police officer or fireman, but only if the individual is referred to in the State law described in clause (i); and'.

(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1530 OF 1997 ACT.--Subparagraph (C) of section 404(a)(9) of the 1986 Code (as added by section 1530 of the 1997 Act) is redesignated as subparagraph (D) and is amended by striking 'A qualified' and inserting 'QUALIFIED GRATUITOUS TRANSFERS.--A qualified'.

(e) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1531 OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (f) of section 9811 of the 1986 Code (as added by section 1531 of the 1997 Act) is redesignated as subsection (e).

 

SEC. 6016. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TITLE XVI OF 1997 ACT.

 

(a) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1601(d) OF 1997 ACT.--

 

(1) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1601(d)(1).--

 

(A) Section 408(p)(2)(D)(i) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'or (B)' in the last sentence.

(B) Section 408(p) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(10) SPECIAL RULES FOR ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS, AND SIMILAR TRANSACTIONS.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--An employer which fails to meet any applicable requirement by reason of an acquisition, disposition, or similar transaction shall not be treated as failing to meet such requirement during the transition period if--

 

'(i) the employer satisfies requirements similar to the requirements of section 410(b)(6)(C)(i)(II); and

'(ii) the qualified salary reduction arrangement maintained by the employer would satisfy the requirements of this subsection after the transaction if the employer which maintained the arrangement before the transaction had remained a separate employer.

 

'(B) APPLICABLE REQUIREMENT.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'applicable requirement' means--

 

'(i) the requirement under paragraph (2)(A)(i) that an employer be an eligible employer;

'(ii) the requirement under paragraph (2)(D) that an arrangement be the only plan of an employer; and

'(iii) the participation requirements under paragraph (4).

 

'(C) TRANSITION PERIOD.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'transition period' means the period beginning on the date of any transaction described in subparagraph (A) and ending on the last day of the second calendar year following the calendar year in which such transaction occurs.'.

(C) Section 408(p)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(i) by striking 'the preceding sentence shall apply only in accordance with rules similar to the rules of section 410(b)(6)(C)(i)' in the last sentence of subparagraph (C)(i)(II) and inserting 'the preceding sentence shall not apply'; and

(ii) by striking clause (iii) of subparagraph (D).

(2) AMENDMENT TO SECTION 1601 (d)(4).--Section 1601(d)(4)(A) of the 1997 Act is amended--

 

(A) by striking 'Section 403(b)(11)' and inserting 'Paragraphs (7)(A)(ii) and (11) of section 403(b)'; and

(B) by striking '403(b)(1)' in clause (ii) and inserting '403(b)(10)'.

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1601(f)(4) OF 1997 ACT.--Subsection (d) of section 6427 of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'HELICOPTERS' in the heading and inserting 'OTHER AIRCRAFT USES'; and

(2) by inserting 'or a fixed-wing aircraft' after 'helicopter'.

SEC. 6017. AMENDMENT RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (B) of section 6427(i)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'(B) TIME FOR FILING CLAIM.--No claim filed under this paragraph shall be allowed unless filed during the first quarter following the last quarter included in the claim.'.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 9009 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century.

 

SEC. 6018. AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SMALL BUSINESS JOB PROTECTION ACT OF 1996.

 

(a) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1116.--Subparagraph (C) of section 1116(b)(2) of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 is amended by striking 'chapter 68' and inserting 'chapter 61'.

(b) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1421.--Section 408(d)(7) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(1) by inserting 'or 402(k)' after 'section 402(h)' in subparagraph (B) thereof; and

(2) by inserting 'OR SIMPLE RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS' after 'PENSIONS' in the heading thereof.

 

(c) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1431.--Subparagraph (E) of section 1431(c)(1) of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 is amended to read as follows:
'(E) Section 414(q)(5), as redesignated by subparagraph (A), is amended by striking 'under paragraph (4) or the number of officers taken into account under paragraph (5)'.
(d) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1604.--Paragraph (3) of section 1604(b) of such Act is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'such Code' and inserting 'the Internal Revenue Code of 1986'; and

(2) by striking 'such date of enactment' and inserting 'the date of the enactment of this Act'.

 

(e) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1609.--Paragraph (1) of section 1609(h) of such Act is amended by striking 'paragraph (3)(A)(i)' and inserting 'paragraph (3)(A)'.

(f) AMENDMENTS RELATED TO SECTION 1807.--

 

(1) Subparagraph (A) of section 23(b)(2) of the 1986 Code (relating to income limitation on credit for adoption expenses) is amended by inserting '(determined without regard to subsection (c))' after 'for any taxable year'.

(2) Paragraph (3) of section 1807(c) of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 is amended by striking 'Clause (i)' and inserting 'Clause (ii)'.

 

(g) AMENDMENT RELATED TO SECTION 1903.--Subsection (b) of section 1903 of such Act shall be applied as if 'or' in the material proposed to be stricken were capitalized.

(h) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 to which they relate.

 

SEC. 6019.AMENDMENTS RELATED TO TAXPAYER BILL OF RIGHTS 2.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (b) of section 6104 of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'In the case of an organization described in section 501(d), this subsection shall not apply to copies referred to in section 6031(b) with respect to such organization.'.

(b) PUBLIC INSPECTION.--Subparagraph (C) of section 6104(e)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: 'In the case of an organization described in section 501(d), subparagraph (A) shall not require the disclosure of the copies referred to in section 6031(b) with respect to such organization.'.

(c) DISCLOSURE TO AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES OF THE TAXPAYER.--Paragraph (6) of section 6103(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'or (5)' and inserting '(5), (8), or (9)'.

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

 

SEC. 6020. AMENDMENT RELATED TO OMNIBUS BUDGET RECONCILIATION ACT OF 1993.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 196(c) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'and' at the end of paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (7), and insert ', and', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(8) the employer Social Security credit determined under section 45B(a).'.

 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 13443 of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993.

 

SEC. 6021. AMENDMENT RELATED TO REVENUE RECONCILIATION ACT OF 1990.

 

(a) IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENT FOR INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE FOR EARNED INCOME CREDIT.--Subparagraph (F) of section 32(c)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'The term 'eligible individual' does not include any individual who does not include on the return of tax for the taxable year--' and inserting 'No credit shall be allowed under this section to an eligible individual who does not include on the return of tax for the taxable year--'.

(b) IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENT FOR QUALIFYING CHILDREN UNDER EARNED INCOME CREDIT.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Clause (i) of section 32(c)(3)(D) of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'(i) IN GENERAL.--A qualifying child shall not be taken into account under subsection (b) unless the taxpayer includes the name, age, and TIN of the qualifying child on the return of tax for the taxable year.'.
(2) INDIVIDUALS WHO DO NOT INCLUDE TIN, ETC., OF ANY QUALIFYING CHILD.--Paragraph (1) of section 32(c) of the 1986 Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

 

'(G) INDIVIDUALS WHO DO NOT INCLUDE TIN, ETC., OF ANY QUALIFYING CHILD.--No credit shall be allowed under this section to any eligible individual who has one or more qualifying children if no qualifying child of such individual is taken into account under subsection (b) by reason of paragraph (3)(D).'.

 

(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Subparagraph (A) of section 32(c)(3) is amended by inserting 'and' at the end of clause (ii), by striking ', and' at the end of clause (iii) and inserting a period, and by striking clause (iv).

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.--

 

(1) ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUALS.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 451 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.

(2) QUALIFYING CHILDREN.--The amendments made by subsection (b) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 11111 of Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990.

SEC. 6022. AMENDMENT RELATED TO TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 6401(b)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'and D' and inserting 'D, and G'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 701(b) of the Tax Reform Act of 1986.

 

SEC. 6023. MISCELLANEOUS CLERICAL AND DEADWOOD CHANGES.
(1) The heading for subparagraph (B) of section 45A(b)(1) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'TARGETED JOBS CREDIT' and inserting 'WORK OPPORTUNITY CREDIT'.

(2) The subsection heading for section 59(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'SECTION 936 CREDIT' and inserting 'CREDITS UNDER SECTION 30A OR 936'.

(3) Subsection (n) of section 72 of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting '(as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996)' after 'section 101(b)(2)(D)'.

(4) Subparagraph (A) of section 72(t)(3) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(A)(v),' and inserting '(A)(v)'.

(5) Clause (ii) of section 142(f)(3)(A) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '1997, (' and inserting '1997 ('.

(6) The last sentence of paragraph (3) of section 501(n) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'subparagraph (C)(ii)' and inserting 'subparagraph (E)(ii)'.

(7) Subsection (o) of section 501 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 1853(e)' and inserting 'section 1855(d)'.

(8) The heading for subclause (II) of section 512(b)(17)(B)(ii) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'RULE' and inserting 'RULE'.

(9) Clause (ii) of section 543(d)(5)(A) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 563(c)' and inserting 'section 563(d)'.

(10) Subparagraph (B) of section 871(f)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(19 U.S.C. 2462)' and inserting '19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.)'.

(11) Paragraph (2) of section 1017(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking '(b)(2)(D)' and inserting '(b)(2)(E)'.

(12) Subparagraph (D) of section 1250(d)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'the last sentence of section 1033(b)' and inserting 'section 1033(b)(2)'.

(13) Paragraph (5) of section 3121(a) of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) by striking the semicolon at the end of subparagraph (F) and inserting a comma;

(B) by striking 'or' at the end of subparagraph (G); and

(C) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (I) and inserting a semicolon.

 

(14) Paragraph (19) of section 3401(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'for' before 'any benefit provided to'.

(15) Paragraph (21) of section 3401(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'for' before 'any payment made'.

(16) Sections 4092(b) and 6427(q)(2) of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking 'section 4041(c)(4)' and inserting 'section 4041(c)(2)'.

(17) Sections 4221(c) and 4222(d) of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking '4053(a)(6)' and inserting '4053(6)'.

(18)(A) The heading of section 4973 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

'SEC. 4973. TAX ON EXCESS CONTRIBUTIONS TO CERTAIN TAX-FAVORED ACCOUNTS AND ANNUITIES.'.
(B) The item relating to section 4973 in the table of sections for chapter 43 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:
'Sec. 4973. Tax on excess contributions to certain tax-favored accounts and annuities.'.
(19) Section 4975 of the 1986 Code is amended--

 

(A) in subsection (c)(3) by striking 'exempt for the tax' and inserting 'exempt from the tax'; and

(B) in subsection (i) by striking 'Secretary of Treasury' and inserting 'Secretary of the Treasury'.

 

(20) Paragraph (1) of section 6039(a) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'to any person' after 'transfers'.

(21) Subparagraph (A) of section 6050R(b)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking the semicolon at the end thereof and inserting a comma.

(22) Subparagraph (A) of section 6103(h)(4) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'if' before 'the taxpayer is a party to'.

(23) Paragraph (5) of section 6416(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 4216(e)(1)' each place it appears and inserting 'section 4216(d)(1)'.

(24)(A) Section 6421 of the 1986 Code is amended by redesignating subsections (j) and (k) as subsections (i) and (j), respectively.

 

(B) Subsection (b) of section 34 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'section 6421(j)' and inserting 'section 6421(i)'.

(C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 6421 of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking 'subsection (j)' and inserting 'subsection (i)'.

 

(25) Paragraph (3) of section 6427(f) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking ', (e),'.

(26)(A) Section 6427 of the 1986 Code, as amended by paragraph (16), is amended by redesignating subsections (n), (p), (q), and (r) as subsections (m), (n), (o), and (p), respectively.

 

(B) Paragraphs (1) and (2)(A) of section 6427(i) of the 1986 Code are each amended by striking '(q)' and inserting '(o)'.

 

(27) Subsection (m) of section 6501 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'election under' and all that follows through '(or any' and inserting 'election under section 30(d)(4), 40(f), 43, 45B, 45C(d)(4), or 51(j) (or any'.

(28) The paragraph heading of paragraph (2) of section 7702B(e) of the 1986 Code is amended by inserting 'SECTION' after 'APPLICATION OF'.

(29) Paragraph (3) of section 7434(b) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'attorneys fees' and inserting 'attorneys' fees'.

(30) Subparagraph (B) of section 7872(f)(2) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking 'foregone' and inserting 'forgone'.

(31) Subsection (e) of section 9502 of the 1986 Code is amended to read as follows:

 

'(e) CERTAIN TAXES ON ALCOHOL MIXTURES TO REMAIN IN GENERAL FUND.--For purposes of this section, the amounts which would (but for this subsection) be required to be appropriated under subparagraphs (A), (C), and (D) of subsection (b)(1) shall be reduced by--

 

'(1) 0.6 cent per gallon in the case of taxes imposed on any mixture at least 10 percent of which is alcohol (as defined in section 4081(c)(3)) if any portion of such alcohol is ethanol; and

'(2) 0.67 cent per gallon in the case of fuel used in producing a mixture described in paragraph (1).'.

(32) The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 6024. EFFECTIVE DATE.

Except as otherwise provided in this title, the amendments made by this title shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 to which they relate.

 

TITLE VII--REVENUE PROVISIONS

 

 

SEC. 7001. CLARIFICATION OF DEDUCTION FOR DEFERRED COMPENSATION.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 404(a) (relating to deduction for contributions of an employer to an employee's trust or annuity plan and compensation under a deferred-payment plan) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(11) DETERMINATIONS RELATING TO DEFERRED COMPENSATION.--For purposes of determining under this section--

 

'(A) whether compensation of an employee is deferred compensation; and

'(B) when deferred compensation is paid, no amount shall be treated as received by the employee, or paid, until it is actually received by the employee.'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.--In the case of any taxpayer required by the amendment made by subsection (a) to change its method of accounting for its first taxable year ending after the date of the enactment of this Act--

 

(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer,

(B) such change shall be treated as made with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury; and

(C) the net amount of the adjustments required to be taken into account by the taxpayer under section 481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be taken into account ratably over the 3-taxable year period beginning with such first taxable year.

SEC. 7002. TERMINATION OF EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS FROM THE TREATMENT OF STAPLED ENTITIES.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of section 136(c) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984 (relating to stapled stock; stapled entities), the REIT gross income provisions shall be applied by treating the activities and gross income of members of the stapled REIT group properly allocable to any nonqualified real property interest held by the exempt REIT or any stapled entity which is a member of such group (or treated under subsection (c) as held by such REIT or stapled entity) as the activities and gross income of the exempt REIT in the same manner as if the exempt REIT and such group were one entity.

(b) NONQUALIFIED REAL PROPERTY INTEREST.--For purposes of this section--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'nonqualified real property interest' means, with respect to any exempt REIT, any interest in real property acquired after March 26, 1998, by the exempt REIT or any stapled entity.

(2) EXCEPTION FOR BINDING CONTRACTS, ETC.--Such term shall not include any interest in real property acquired after March 26, 1998, by the exempt REIT or any stapled entity if--

 

(A) the acquisition is pursuant to a written agreement (including a put option, buy-sell agreement, and an agreement relating to a third party default) which was binding on such date and at all times thereafter on such REIT or stapled entity; or

(B) the acquisition is described on or before such date in a public announcement or in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

(3) IMPROVEMENTS AND LEASES.--

 

(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term 'nonqualified real property interest' shall not include--

 

(i) any improvement to land owned or leased by the exempt REIT or any member of the stapled REIT group; and

(ii) any repair to, or improvement of, any improvement owned or leased by the exempt REIT or any member of the stapled REIT group, if such ownership or leasehold interest is a qualified real property interest.

 

(B) LEASES.--The term 'nonqualified real property interest' shall not include--

 

(i) any lease of a qualified real property interest if such lease is not otherwise such an interest; or

(ii) any renewal of a lease which is a qualified real property interest, but only if the rent on any lease referred to in clause (i) or any renewal referred to in clause (ii) does not exceed an arm's length rate.

 

(C) TERMINATION WHERE CHANGE IN USE.--

 

(i) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any improvement placed in service after December 31, 1999, which is part of a change in the use of the property to which such improvement relates unless the cost of such improvement does not exceed 200 percent of--

 

(I) the cost of such property; or

(II) if such property is substituted basis property (as defined in section 7701(a)(42) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), the fair market value of the property at the time of acquisition.

 

(ii) BINDING CONTRACTS.--For purposes of clause (i), an improvement shall be treated as placed in service before January 1, 2000, if such improvement is placed in service before January 1, 2004, pursuant to a binding contract in effect on December 31, 1999, and at all times thereafter.
(4) EXCEPTION FOR PERMITTED TRANSFERS, ETC.--The term 'nonqualified real property interest' shall not include any interest in real property acquired solely as a result of a direct or indirect contribution, distribution, or other transfer of such interest from the exempt REIT or any member of the stapled REIT group to such REIT or any such member, but only to the extent the aggregate of the interests of the exempt REIT and all stapled entities in such interest in real property (determined in accordance with subsection (c)(1)) is not increased by reason of the transfer.

(5) TREATMENT OF ENTITIES WHICH ARE NOT STAPLED, ETC. ON MARCH 26, 1998.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, all interests in real property held by an exempt REIT or any stapled entity with respect to such REIT (or treated under subsection (c) as held by such REIT or stapled entity) shall be treated as nonqualified real property interests unless--

 

(A) such stapled entity was a stapled entity with respect to such REIT as of March 26, 1998, and at all times thereafter; and

(B) as of March 26, 1998, and at all times thereafter, such REIT was a real estate investment trust.

 

(6) QUALIFIED REAL PROPERTY INTEREST.--The term 'qualified real property interest' means any interest in real property other than a nonqualified real property interest.

 

(c) TREATMENT OF PROPERTY HELD BY 10-PERCENT SUB-SIDIARIES.--For purposes of this section--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--Any exempt REIT and any stapled entity shall be treated as holding their proportionate shares of each interest in real property held by any 10-percent subsidiary entity of the exempt REIT or stapled entity, as the case may be.

(2) PROPERTY HELD BY 10-PERCENT SUBSIDIARIES TREATED AS NONQUALIFIED.--

 

(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), any interest in real property held by a 10-percent subsidiary entity of an exempt REIT or stapled entity shall be treated as a nonqualified real property interest.

(B) EXCEPTION FOR INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY HELD ON MARCH 26, 1998, ETC.--In the case of an entity which was a 10-percent subsidiary entity of an exempt REIT or stapled entity on March 26, 1998, and at all times thereafter, an interest in real property held by such subsidiary entity shall be treated as a qualified real property interest if such interest would be so treated if held or acquired directly by the exempt REIT or the stapled entity.

 

(3) REDUCTION IN QUALIFIED REAL PROPERTY INTERESTS IF INCREASE IN OWNERSHIP OF SUBSIDIARY.--If, after March 26, 1998, an exempt REIT or stapled entity increases its ownership interest in a subsidiary entity to which paragraph (2)(B) applies above its ownership interest in such subsidiary entity as of such date, the additional portion of each interest in real property which is treated as held by the exempt REIT or stapled entity by reason of such increased ownership shall be treated as a nonqualified real property interest.

(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR DETERMINING OWNERSHIP.--For purposes of this subsection--

 

(A) percentage ownership of an entity shall be determined in accordance with subsection (e)(4);

(B) interests in the entity which are acquired by an exempt REIT or a member of the stapled REIT group in any acquisition described in an agreement, announcement, or filing described in subsection (b)(2) shall be treated as acquired on March 26, 1998; and

(C) except as provided in guidance prescribed by the Secretary, any change in proportionate ownership which is attributable solely to fluctuations in the relative fair market values of different classes of stock shall not be taken into account.

 

(5) TREATMENT OF 60-PERCENT PARTNERSHIPS.--

 

(A) IN GENERAL.--If, as of March 26, 1998--

 

(i) an exempt REIT or stapled entity held directly or indirectly at least 60 percent of the capital or profits interest in a partnership; and

(ii) 90 percent or more of the capital interests and 90 percent or more of the profits interests in such partnership (other than interests held directly or indirectly by the exempt REIT or stapled entity) are, or will be, redeemable or exchangeable for consideration the amount of which is determined by reference to the value of shares of stock in the exempt REIT or stapled entity (or both), paragraph (3) shall not apply to such partnership, and such REIT or entity shall be treated for all purposes of this section as holding all of the capital and profits interests in such partnership.

 

(B) LIMITATION TO ONE PARTNERSHIP.--If, as of January 1, 1999, more than one partnership owned by any exempt REIT or stapled entity meets the requirements of subparagraph (A), only the largest such partnership on such date (determined by aggregate asset bases) shall be treated as meeting such requirements.

(C) MIRROR ENTITY.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), an interest in a partnership formed after March 26, 1998, shall be treated as held by an exempt REIT or stapled entity on March 26, 1998, if such partnership is formed to mirror the stapling of an exempt REIT and a stapled entity in connection with an acquisition agreed to or announced on or before March 26, 1998.

(d) TREATMENT OF PROPERTY SECURED BY MORTGAGE HELD BY EXEMPT REIT OR MEMBER OF STAPLED REIT GROUP.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any nonqualified obligation held by an exempt REIT or any member of the stapled REIT group, the REIT gross income provisions shall be applied by treating the exempt REIT as having impermissible tenant service income equal to--

 

(A) the interest income from such obligation which is properly allocable to the property described in paragraph (2); and

(B) the income of any member of the stapled REIT group from services described in paragraph (2) with respect to such property. If the income referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) is of a 10-percent subsidiary entity, only the portion of such income which is properly allocable to the exempt REIT's or the stapled entity's interest in the subsidiary entity shall be taken into account.

 

(2) NONQUALIFIED OBLIGATION.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term 'nonqualified obligation' means any obligation secured by a mortgage on an interest in real property if the income of any member of the stapled REIT group for services furnished with respect to such property would be impermissible tenant service income were such property held by the exempt REIT and such services furnished by the exempt REIT.

(3) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN MARKET RATE OBLIGATIONS.--Such term shall not include any obligation--

 

(A) payments under which would be treated as interest if received by a REIT; and

(B) the rate of interest on which does not exceed an arm's length rate.

 

(4) EXCEPTION FOR EXISTING OBLIGATIONS.--Such term shall not include any obligation--

 

(A) which is secured on March 26, 1998, by an interest in real property; and

(B) which is held on such date by the exempt REIT or any entity which is a member of the stapled REIT group on such date and at all times thereafter, but only so long as such obligation is secured by such interest, and the interest payable on such obligation is not changed to a rate which exceeds an arm's length rate unless such change is pursuant to the terms of the obligation in effect on March 26, 1998.

 

The preceding sentence shall not cease to apply by reason of the refinancing of the obligation if (immediately after the refinancing) the principal amount of the obligation resulting from the refinancing does not exceed the principal amount of the refinanced obligation (immediately before the refinancing) and the interest payable on such refinanced obligation does not exceed an arm's length rate.

(5) TREATMENT OF ENTITIES WHICH ARE NOT STAPLED, ETC. ON MARCH 26, 1998.--A rule similar to the rule of subsection (b)(5) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.

(6) INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF NONQUALIFIED OBLIGATIONS IF INCREASE IN OWNERSHIP OF SUBSIDIARY.--A rule similar to the rule of subsection (c)(3) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.

(7) COORDINATION WITH SUBSECTION (a).--This subsection shall not apply to the portion of any interest in real property that the exempt REIT or stapled entity holds or is treated as holding under this section without regard to this subsection.

 

(e) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section--

 

(1) REIT GROSS INCOME PROVISIONS.--The term 'REIT gross income provisions' means--

 

(A) paragraphs (2), (3), and (6) of section 856(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and

(B) section 857(b)(5) of such Code.

 

(2) EXEMPT REIT.--The term 'exempt REIT' means a real estate investment trust to which section 269B of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 does not apply by reason of paragraph (3) of section 136(c) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984.

(3) STAPLED REIT GROUP.--The term 'stapled REIT group' means, with respect to an exempt REIT, the group consisting of--

 

(A) all entities which are stapled entities with respect to the exempt REIT; and

(B) all entities which are 10-percent subsidiary entities of the exempt REIT or any such stapled entity.

 

(4) 10-PERCENT SUBSIDIARY ENTITY.--

 

(A) IN GENERAL.--The term '10-percent subsidiary entity' means, with respect to any exempt REIT or stapled entity, any entity in which the exempt REIT or stapled entity (as the case may be) directly or indirectly holds at least a 10-percent interest.

(B) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN C CORPORATION SUBSIDIARIES OF REITs.--A corporation which would, but for this subparagraph, be treated as a 10-percent subsidiary of an exempt REIT shall not be so treated if such corporation is taxable under section 11 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(C) 10-PERCENT INTEREST.--The term '10-percent interest' means--

 

(i) in the case of an interest in a corporation, ownership of 10 percent (by vote or value) of the stock in such corporation;

(ii) in the case of an interest in a partnership, ownership of 10 percent of the capital or profits interest in the partnership; and

(iii) in any other case, ownership of 10 percent of the beneficial interests in the entity.

(5) OTHER DEFINITIONS.--Terms used in this section which are used in section 269B or section 856 of such Code shall have the respective meanings given such terms by such section.

 

(f) GUIDANCE.--The Secretary may prescribe such guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including guidance to prevent the avoidance of such purposes and to prevent the double counting of income.

(g) EFFECTIVE DATE.--This section shall apply to taxable years ending after March 26, 1998.

 

SEC. 7003. CERTAIN CUSTOMER RECEIVABLES INELIGIBLE FOR MARK-TO-MARKET TREATMENT.

 

(a) CERTAIN RECEIVABLES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR MARK-TO-MARKET.--Section 475(c) (relating to definitions) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR CERTAIN RECEIVABLES.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (2)(C) shall not include any nonfinancial customer paper.

'(B) NONFINANCIAL CUSTOMER PAPER.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'nonfinancial customer paper' means any receivable which--

 

'(i) is a note, bond, debenture, or other evidence of indebtedness;

'(ii) arises out of the sale of nonfinancial goods or services by a person the principal activity of which is the selling or providing of nonfinancial goods or services; and

'(iii) is held by such person (or a person who bears a relationship to such person described in section 267(b) or 707(b)) at all times since issue.'.

(b) REGULATIONS.--Section 475(g) is amended by striking 'and' at the end of paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ', and', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

 

'(3) to prevent the use by taxpayers of subsection (c)(4) to avoid the application of this section to a receivable that is inventory in the hands of the taxpayer (or a person who bears a relationship to the taxpayer described in sections 267(b) of 707(b)).'.

 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--

 

(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.--In the case of any taxpayer required by the amendments made by this section to change its method of accounting for its first taxable year ending after the date of the enactment of this Act--

 

(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer;

(B) such change shall be treated as made with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury; and

(C) the net amount of the adjustments required to be taken into account by the taxpayer under section 481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be taken into account ratably over the 4-taxable-year period beginning with such first taxable year.

SEC. 7004. MODIFICATION OF AGI LIMIT FOR CONVERSIONS TO ROTH IRAs.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 408A(c)(3)(C)(i) (relating to limits based on modified adjusted gross income) is amended to read as follows:
'(i) adjusted gross income shall be determined in the same manner as under section 219(g)(3), except that--

 

'(I) any amount included in gross income under subsection (d)(3) shall not be taken into account; and

'(II) any amount included in gross income by reason of a required distribution under a provision described in paragraph (5) shall not be taken into account for purposes of subparagraph (B)(i).'.

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.
TITLE VIII--IDENTIFICATION OF LIMITED TAX BENEFITS SUBJECT TO LINE ITEM VETO

 

 

SEC. 8001. IDENTIFICATION OF LIMITED TAX BENEFITS SUBJECT TO LINE ITEM VETO.

Section 1021(a)(3) of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 shall only apply to--

(1) section 3105 (relating to administrative appeal of adverse IRS determination of tax-exempt status of bond issue); and

(2) section 3445(c) (relating to State fish and wildlife permits).

TITLE IX--TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS TO TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

 

 

SEC. 9001. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the 'TEA 21 Restoration Act'.

SEC. 9002. AUTHORIZATION AND PROGRAM SUBTITLE.

 

(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.--Section 1101(a) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

 

(1) in paragraph (13)--

 

(A) by striking '$1,025,695,000' and inserting '$1,029,583,500';

(B) by striking '$1,398,675,000' and inserting '$1,403,977,500';

(C) by striking '$1,678,410,000' the first place it appears and inserting '$1,684,773,000';

(D) by striking '$1,678,410,000' the second place it appears and inserting '$1,684,773,000';

(E) by striking '$1,771,655,000' the first place it appears and inserting '$1,778,371,500'; and

(F) by striking '$1,771,655,000' the second place it appears and inserting '$1,778,371,500'; and

 

(2) in paragraph (14)--

 

(A) by striking '1998' and inserting '1999'; and

(B) by inserting before '$5,000,000' the following: '$10,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and'.

(b) OBLIGATION LIMITATIONS.--

 

(1) GENERAL LIMITATION.--Section 1102(a) of such Act is amended--

 

(A) in paragraph (2) by striking '$25,431,000,000' and inserting '$25,511,000,000';

(B) in paragraph (3) by striking '$26,155,000,000' and inserting '$26,245,000,000';

(C) in paragraph (4) by striking '$26,651,000,000' and inserting '$26,761,000,000';

(D) in paragraph (5) by striking '$27,235,000,000' and inserting '$27,355,000,000'; and

(E) in paragraph (6) by striking '$27,681,000,000' and inserting '$27,811,000,000'.

 

(2) TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAMS.--Section 1102(e) of such Act is amended--

 

(A) by striking '3' and inserting '5';

(B) by striking 'VI' and inserting 'V'; and

(C) by inserting before the period at the end the following: '; except that obligation authority made available for such programs under such limitations shall remain available for a period of 3 fiscal years'.

 

(3) REDISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN AUTHORIZED FUNDS.--Section 1102(f) of such Act is amended by striking '(other than the program under section 160 of title 23, United States Code)'.

 

(c) APPORTIONMENTS.--Section 1103 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (l) by adding at the end the following:

'(5) Section 150 of such title, and the item relating to such section in the analysis for chapter 1 of such title, are repealed.';

(2) in subsection (n) by inserting 'of title 23, United States Code' after '206'; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(o) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 104 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (a)(1) (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) by striking 'under section 103';

'(2) in subsection (b) (as amended by subsection (b) of this section)--

 

'(A) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking '1999 through 2003' and inserting '1998 through 2002'; and

'(B) in paragraph (4)(B)(i) by striking 'on lanes on Interstate System' and all that follows through 'in each State' and inserting 'on Interstate System routes open to traffic in each State'; and

 

'(3) in subsection (e)(2) (as added by subsection (d)(6) of this section) by striking '104, 144, or 157' and inserting '104, 105, or 144'.'.

 

(d) MINIMUM GUARANTEE.--Section 1104 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a) of this section), is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (a) by adding at the end the following: 'The minimum amount allocated to a State under this section for a fiscal year shall be $1,000,000.';

'(2) in subsection (c)(1) by striking '50 percent of';

'(3) in subsection (c)(1)(A) by inserting '(other than metropolitan planning, minimum guarantee, high priority projects, Appalachian development highway system, and recreational trails programs)' after 'subsection (a)';

'(4) in subsection (c)(1)(B) by striking 'all States' and inserting 'each State';

'(5) in subsection (c)(2)--

 

'(A) by striking 'apportion' and inserting 'administer'; and

'(B) by striking 'apportioned' and inserting 'administered'; and

 

'(6) in subsection (f)--

 

'(A) by inserting 'percentage' before 'return' each place it appears;

'(B) in paragraph (2) by striking 'for the preceding fiscal year was equal to or less than' and inserting 'in the table in subsection (b) was equal to'; and

'(C) in paragraph (3)--

 

'(i) by inserting 'proportionately' before 'adjust';

'(ii) by striking 'set forth'; and

'(iii) by striking 'do not exceed' and inserting 'is equal to'.'.

(e) REVENUE ALIGNED BUDGET AUTHORITY.--Section 1105 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.--Section 110 of such title (as amended by subsection (a)) is amended--

 

'(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

 

'(a) IN GENERAL.--

 

'(1) ALLOCATION.--On October 15 of fiscal year 2000 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall allocate for such fiscal year an amount of funds equal to the amount determined pursuant to section 251(b)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(cc) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C 901(b)(2)(B)(ii)(I)(cc)) if the amount determined pursuant to such section for such fiscal year is greater than zero.

'(2) REDUCTION.--If the amount determined pursuant to section 251(b)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(cc) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C 901(b)(2)(B)(ii)(I)(cc)) for fiscal year 2000 or any fiscal year thereafter is less than zero, the Secretary on October 1 of the succeeding fiscal year shall reduce proportionately the amount of sums authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out each of the Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than emergency relief) by an aggregate amount equal to the amount determined pursuant to such section.';

'(2) in subsections (b)(2) and (b)(4) by striking 'subsection (a)' and inserting 'subsection (a)(1)'; and

'(3) in subsection (c) by striking 'Maintenance program, the' and inserting 'and'.'.

 

(f) INTERSTATE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM.--Section 1107 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(d) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Section 119 of such title (as amended by subsection (a)) is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (b)--

 

'(A) by striking '104(b)(5)(B)' and inserting '104(b)(4)'; and

'(B) by striking '104(b)(5)(A)' each place it appears and inserting '104(b)(5)(A) (as in effect on the date before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)'; and

 

'(2) in subsection (c) by striking '104(b)(5)(B)' each place it appears and inserting '104(b)(4)'.'.

 

(g) CONGESTION MITIGATION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.--Section 1110(d)(2) of such Act is amended--

 

(1) by striking '149(c)' and inserting '149(e)'; and

(2) by striking 'that reduce' and inserting 'reduce'.

 

(h) HIGHWAY USE TAX EVASION PROJECTS.--Section 1114 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 143 of title 23, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a) of this section), is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (c)(1) by striking 'April 1' and inserting 'August 1';

'(2) in subsection (c)(3) by inserting 'PRIORITY' after 'FUNDING'; and

'(3) in subsection (c)(3) by inserting 'and prior to funding any other activity under this section,' after '2003,'.'.

 

(i) FEDERAL LANDS HIGHWAYS PROGRAM.--Section 1115 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(f) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

'(1) FEDERAL SHARE.--Subsections (j) and (k) of section 120 of title 23, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section), are redesignated as subsections (k) and (l), respectively.

'(2) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.--Section 202(d)(4)(B) of such title (as added by subsection (b)(4) of this section) is amended by striking 'to, apply sodium acetate/formate de-icer to,' and inserting ', sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions'.

'(3) ELIMINATION OF DUPLICATIVE PROVISION.--Section 144(g) of such title is amended by striking paragraph (4).'.

 

(j) WOODROW WILSON MEMORIAL BRIDGE CORRECTION.--Section 1116 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(e) TECHNICAL CORRECTION.--Sections 404(5) and 407(c)(2)(C)(iii) of such Act (as amended by subsections (a)(2) and (b)(2), respectively) are amended by striking 'the record of decision' each place it appears and inserting 'a record of decision'.'.

(k) TECHNICAL CORRECTION.--Section 1117 of such Act is amended in subsections (a) and (b) by striking 'section 102' each place it appears and inserting 'section 1101(a)(6)'.

 

SEC. 9003. RESTORATIONS TO GENERAL PROVISIONS SUBTITLE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subtitle B of title I of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'SEC. 1224. NATIONAL HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGE PRESERVATION.

 

'(a) HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGE DEFINED.--In this section, the term 'historic covered bridge' means a covered bridge that is listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

'(b) HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGE PRESERVATION.--Subject to the availability of appropriations under subsection (d), the Secretary shall--

 

'(1) collect and disseminate information concerning historic covered bridges;

'(2) foster educational programs relating to the history and construction techniques of historic covered bridges;

'(3) conduct research on the history of historic covered bridges; and

'(4) conduct research, and study techniques, on protecting historic covered bridges from rot, fire, natural disasters, or weight-related damage.

 

'(c) DIRECT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall make a grant to a State that submits an application to the Secretary that demonstrates a need for assistance in carrying out 1 or more historic covered bridge projects described in paragraph (2).

'(2) TYPES OF PROJECT.--A grant under paragraph (1) may be made for a project--

 

'(A) to rehabilitate or repair a historic covered bridge; and

'(B) to preserve a historic covered bridge, including through--

 

'(i) installation of a fire protection system, including a fireproofing or fire detection system and sprinklers;

'(ii) installation of a system to prevent vandalism and arson; or

'(iii) relocation of a bridge to a preservation site.

'(3) AUTHENTICITY.--A grant under paragraph (1) may be made for a project only if--

 

'(A) to the maximum extent practicable, the project--

 

'(i) is carried out in the most historically appropriate manner; and

'(ii) preserves the existing structure of the historic covered bridge; and

 

'(B) the project provides for the replacement of wooden components with wooden components, unless the use of wood is impracticable for safety reasons.

 

'(4) FEDERAL SHARE.--The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out with a grant under this subsection shall be 80 percent.

 

'(d) FUNDING.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1999 through 2003. Such funds shall remain available until expended.

 

'SEC. 1225. SUBSTITUTE PROJECT.

 

'(a) APPROVAL OF PROJECT.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon the request of the Mayor of the District of Columbia, the Secretary may approve substitute highway and transit projects under section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act), in lieu of construction of the Barney Circle Freeway project in the District of Columbia, as identified in the 1991 Interstate Cost Estimate.

'(b) ELIGIBILITY FOR FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.--Upon approval of any substitute project or projects under subsection (a)--

 

'(1) the cost of construction of the Barney Circle Freeway Modification project shall not be eligible for funds authorized under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956; and

'(2) substitute projects approved pursuant to this section shall be funded from interstate construction funds apportioned or allocated to the District of Columbia that are not expended and not subject to lapse on the date of enactment of this Act.

 

'(c) FEDERAL SHARE.--The Federal share payable on account of a project or activity approved under this section shall be 85 percent of the cost thereof; except that the exception set forth in section 120(b)(2) of title 23, United States Code, shall apply.

'(d) LIMITATION ON ELIGIBILITY.--Any substitute project approved pursuant to subsection (a) (for which the Secretary finds that sufficient Federal funds are available) must be under contract for construction, or construction must have commenced, before the last day of the 4-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act. If the substitute project is not under contract for construction, or construction has not commenced, by such last day, the Secretary shall withdraw approval of the substitute project.

 

'SEC. 1226. FISCAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND OTHER AMENDMENTS.

 

'(a) ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION.--Section 115 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (b)--

 

'(A) by moving the text of paragraph (1) (including subparagraphs (A) and (B)) 2 ems to the left;

'(B) by striking 'PROJECTS' and all that follows through 'When a State' and inserting 'PROJECTS.--When a State';

'(C) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);

'(D) by striking '(A) prior' and inserting '(1) prior'; and

'(E) by striking '(B) the project' and inserting '(2) the project';

 

'(2) by striking subsection (c); and

'(3) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).

 

'(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.--Section 118 of such title is amended--

 

'(1) in the subsection heading of subsection (b) by striking '; DISCRETIONARY PROJECTS'; and

'(2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:

 

'(e) EFFECT OF RELEASE OF FUNDS.--Any Federal-aid highway funds released by the final payment on a project, or by the modification of the project agreement, shall be credited to the same program funding category previously apportioned to the State and shall be immediately available for expenditure.'.'.

'(c) ADVANCES TO STATES.--Section 124 of such title is amended--

 

'(1) by striking '(a)' the first place it appears; and

'(2) by striking subsection (b).

 

'(d) DIVERSION.--Section 126 of such title, and the item relating to such section in the analysis for chapter 1 of such title, are repealed.'.

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of contents contained in section 1(b) of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1222 the following:

 

'Sec. 1223. Transportation assistance for Olympic cities.

'Sec. 1224. National historic covered bridge preservation.

'Sec. 1225. Substitute project.

'Sec. 1226. Fiscal, administrative, and other amendments.'.

 

(c) METROPOLITAN PLANNING TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENT.--Section 1203 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(o) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENT.--Section 134(h)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code (as amended by subsection (h) of this section), is amended by striking 'for implementation'.'.

(d) AMENDMENTS TO PRIOR SURFACE TRANSPORTATION LAWS.--Section 1211 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (i)(3)(E) by striking 'subparagraph (D)' and inserting 'subparagraph (C)';

(2) in subsection (i) by adding at the end the following:

'(4) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Section 1105(e)(5)(B)(i) of such Act (as amended by paragraph (3) of this subsection) is amended--

 

'(A) by striking 'subsection (c)(18)(B)(i)' and inserting 'subsection (c)(18)(D)(i)';

'(B) by striking 'subsection (c)(18)(B)(ii)' and inserting 'subsection (c)(18)(D)(ii)'; and

'(C) by adding at the end the following: 'The portion of the route referred to in subsection (c)(36) is designated as Interstate Route I-86.'.';

 

(3) by striking subsection (j);

(4) in subsection (k)--

 

(A) by striking 'along' in paragraph (1) and inserting 'from'; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(4) TEXAS STATE HIGHWAY 99.--Texas State Highway 99 (also known as 'Grand Parkway') shall be considered as one option in the I-69 route studies performed by the Texas Department of Transportation for the designation of I-69 Bypass in Houston, Texas.'; and

(5) by redesignating subsections (g) through (i) and (k) through (n) as subsections (f) through (h) and (i) through (l), respectively.

 

(e) MISCELLANEOUS.--Section 1212 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) in the second sentence of subsection (q)(1) by striking 'advance curriculum' and inserting 'advanced curriculum';

(2) in subsection (r)--

 

(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and

(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

 

'(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.--There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out paragraph (1) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and $2,500,000 for fiscal year 2000.';

(3) in subsection (s)--

 

(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and

(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

 

'(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.--There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out paragraph (1) $23,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.';

(4) in subsection (u)--

 

(A) by inserting 'the Secretary shall approve, and' before 'the Commonwealth';

(B) by inserting a comma after 'with'; and

(C) by inserting '(as redefined by this Act)' after '80'; and

 

(5) by redesignating subsections (k) through (z) as subsections (e) through (t), respectively.

 

(f) PUERTO RICO HIGHWAY PROGRAM.--Section 1214(r) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'(3) TREATMENT OF FUNDS.--Amounts made available to carry out this subsection for a fiscal year shall be administered as follows:

 

'(A) For purposes of this subsection, such amounts shall be treated as being apportioned to Puerto Rico under sections 104(b), 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, for each program funded under such sections in an amount determined by multiplying--

 

'(i) the aggregate of such amounts for the fiscal year; by

'(ii) the ratio that--

 

'(I) the amount of funds apportioned to Puerto Rico for each such program for fiscal year 1997; bears to

'(II) the total amount of funds apportioned to Puerto Rico for all such programs for fiscal year 1997.

'(B) The amounts treated as being apportioned to Puerto Rico under each section referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be deemed to be required to be apportioned to Puerto Rico under such section for purposes of the imposition of any penalty provisions in titles 23 and 49, United States Code.

'(C) Subject to subparagraph (B), nothing in this subsection shall be construed as affecting any allocation under section 105 of title 23, United States Code, and any apportionment under sections 104 and 144 of such title.'.

(g) DESIGNATED TRANSPORTATION ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES.--Section 1215 of such Act--

 

(1) is amended in each of subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g)--

 

(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and

(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

 

'(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.--There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out paragraph (1) the amounts specified in such paragraph for the fiscal years specified in such paragraph.'; and

(2) in subsection (d)(1) by inserting 'on Route 50' after 'measures'.

 

(h) ELIGIBILITY.--Section 1217 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (d) by striking '104(b)(4)' and inserting '104(b)(5)(A)';

(2) in subsection (i) by striking '120(l)(1)' and inserting '120(j)(1)'; and

(3) in subsection (j) by adding at the end the following: '$3,000,000 of the amounts made available for item 164 of the table contained in section 1602 shall be made available on October 1, 1998, to the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission to carry out this subsection.'.

 

(i) MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM.--Section 1218 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Section 322 of title 23, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section), is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (a)(3) by striking 'or under 50 miles per hour';

'(2) in subsection (d)--

 

'(A) in paragraph (1) by striking 'or low-speed'; and

'(B) in paragraph (2)--

 

'(i) in subparagraph (A) by striking '(h)(1)(A)' and inserting '(h)(1)'; and

'(ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking '(h)(4)' and inserting '(h)(3)';

'(3) in subsection (h)(1)(B)(i) by inserting '(other than subsection (i))' after 'this section'; and

'(4) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(i) LOW-SPEED PROJECT.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, of the funds made available by subsection (h)(1)(A) to carry out this section, $5,000,000 shall be made available to the Secretary to make grants for the research and development of low-speed superconductivity magnetic levitation technology for public transportation purposes in urban areas to demonstrate energy efficiency, congestion mitigation, and safety benefits.

'(2) NONCONTRACT AUTHORITY AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this subsection such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2003.

'(B) AVAILABILITY.--Notwithstanding section 118(a), funds made available under subparagraph (A)--

 

'(i) shall not be available in advance of an annual appropriation; and

'(ii) shall remain available until expended.'.'.

(j) TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE FOR OLYMPIC CITIES.--Section 1223(f) of such Act is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: 'or Special Olympics International'.

 

SEC. 9004. RESTORATIONS TO PROGRAM STREAMLINING AND FLEXIBILITY SUBTITLE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subtitle C of title I of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'SEC. 1311. DISCRETIONARY GRANT SELECTION CRITERIA AND PROCESS.

 

'(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA.--The Secretary shall establish criteria for all discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account). To the extent practicable, such criteria shall conform to the Executive Order No. 12893 (relating to infrastructure investment).

'(b) SELECTION PROCESS.--

 

'(1) LIMITATION ON ACCEPTANCE OF APPLICATIONS.--Before accepting applications for grants under any discretionary program for which funds are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) by this Act (including the amendments made by this Act), the Secretary shall publish the criteria established under subsection (a). Such publication shall identify all statutory criteria and any criteria established by regulation that will apply to the program.

'(2) EXPLANATION.--Not less often than quarterly, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a list of the projects selected under discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) and an explanation of how the projects were selected based on the criteria established under subsection (a).

 

'(c) MINIMUM COVERED PROGRAMS.--At a minimum, the criteria established under subsection (a) and the selection process established by subsection (b) shall apply to the following programs:

 

'(1) The intelligent transportation system deployment program under title V.

'(2) The national corridor planning and development program.

'(3) The coordinated border infrastructure and safety program.

'(4) The construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities.

'(5) The national scenic byways program.

'(6) The Interstate discretionary program.

'(7) The discretionary bridge program.'.

 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--The table of contents contained in section 1(b) of such Act is amended--

 

(1) by striking the following: 'Sec. 1309. Major investment study integration.'. and inserting the following: 'Sec. 1308. Major investment study integration.'; and

(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 1310 the following:

'Sec. 1311. Discretionary grant selection criteria and process.'.

 

(c) REVIEW PROCESS.--Section 1309 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (a)(1) by inserting after 'highway construction' the following: 'and mass transit';

(2) in subsection (d) by inserting after 'Code,' the following: 'or chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code,'; and

(3) in subsection (e)(1)--

 

(A) by inserting 'or recipient' after 'a State';

(B) by inserting after 'provide funds' the following: 'for a highway project'; and

(C) by inserting after 'Code,' the following: 'or for a mass transit project made available under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code,'.

SEC. 9005. RESTORATIONS TO SAFETY SUBTITLE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Subtitle D of title I of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'SEC. 1405. OPEN CONTAINER LAWS.

 

'(a) ESTABLISHMENT.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 153 the following:

 

'Sec. 154. Open container requirements

 

'(a) DEFINITIONS.--In this section, the following definitions apply:

 

'(1) ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE.--The term 'alcoholic beverage' has the meaning given the term in section 158(c).

'(2) MOTOR VEHICLE.--The term 'motor vehicle' means a vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power and manufactured primarily for use on public highways, but does not include a vehicle operated exclusively on a rail or rails.

'(3) OPEN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTAINER.--The term 'open alcoholic beverage container' means any bottle, can, or other receptacle--

 

'(A) that contains any amount of alcoholic beverage; and

'(B)(i) that is open or has a broken seal; or

 

'(ii) the contents of which are partially removed.
'(4) PASSENGER AREA.--The term 'passenger area' shall have the meaning given the term by the Secretary by regulation.

 

'(b) OPEN CONTAINER LAWS.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--For the purposes of this section, each State shall have in effect a law that prohibits the possession of any open alcoholic beverage container, or the consumption of any alcoholic beverage, in the passenger area of any motor vehicle (including possession or consumption by the driver of the vehicle) located on a public highway, or the right-of-way of a public highway, in the State.

'(2) MOTOR VEHICLES DESIGNED TO TRANSPORT MANY PASSENGERS.--For the purposes of this section, if a State has in effect a law that makes unlawful the possession of any open alcoholic beverage container by the driver (but not by a passenger)--

 

'(A) in the passenger area of a motor vehicle designed, maintained, or used primarily for the transportation of persons for compensation; or

'(B) in the living quarters of a house coach or house trailer, the State shall be deemed to have in effect a law described in this subsection with respect to such a motor vehicle for each fiscal year during which the law is in effect.

'(c) TRANSFER OF FUNDS.--

 

'(1) FISCAL YEARS 2001 AND 2002.--On October 1, 2000, and October 1, 2001, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing an open container law described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall transfer an amount equal to 1-1/2 percent of the funds apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) to the apportionment of the State under section 402--

 

'(A) to be used for alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures; or

'(B) to be directed to State and local law enforcement agencies for enforcement of laws prohibiting driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence and other related laws (including regulations), including the purchase of equipment, the training of officers, and the use of additional personnel for specific alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, dedicated to enforcement of the laws (including regulations).

 

'(2) FISCAL YEAR 2003 AND FISCAL YEARS THEREAFTER.--On October 1, 2002, and each October 1 thereafter, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing an open container law described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall transfer an amount equal to 3 percent of the funds apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) to the apportionment of the State under section 402 to be used or directed as described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1).

'(3) USE FOR HAZARD ELIMINATION PROGRAM.--A State may elect to use all or a portion of the funds transferred under paragraph (1) or (2) for activities eligible under section 152.

'(4) FEDERAL SHARE.--The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out with funds transferred under paragraph (1) or (2), or used under paragraph (3), shall be 100 percent.

'(5) DERIVATION OF AMOUNT TO BE TRANSFERRED.--The amount to be transferred under paragraph (1) or (2) may be derived from one or more of the following:

 

'(A) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(1).

'(B) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(3).

'(C) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(4).

 

'(6) TRANSFER OF OBLIGATION AUTHORITY.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--If the Secretary transfers under this subsection any funds to the apportionment of a State under section 402 for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall transfer an amount, determined under subparagraph (B), of obligation authority distributed for the fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for carrying out projects under section 402.

'(B) AMOUNT.--The amount of obligation authority referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be determined by multiplying--

 

'(i) the amount of funds transferred under subparagraph (A) to the apportionment of the State under section 402 for the fiscal year, by

'(ii) the ratio that--

 

'(I) the amount of obligation authority distributed for the fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs, bears to

'(II) the total of the sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (excluding sums not subject to any obligation limitation) for the fiscal year.

'(7) LIMITATION ON APPLICABILITY OF OBLIGATION LIMITATION.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no limitation on the total of obligations for highway safety programs under section 402 shall apply to funds transferred under this subsection to the apportionment of a State under such section.'.

 

'(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The analysis for chapter 1 of such title is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 153 the following:

 

'154. Open container requirements.'.

'SEC. 1406. MINIMUM PENALTIES FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS FOR DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED OR DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE.

 

'(a) IN GENERAL.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'Sec. 164. Minimum penalties for repeat offenders for driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence

 

'(a) DEFINITIONS.--In this section, the following definitions apply:

 

'(1) ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION.--The term 'alcohol concentration' means grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.

'(2) DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED; DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE.--The terms 'driving while intoxicated' and 'driving under the influence' mean driving or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while having an alcohol concentration above the permitted limit as established by each State.

'(3) LICENSE SUSPENSION.--The term 'license suspension' means the suspension of all driving privileges.

'(4) MOTOR VEHICLE.--The term 'motor vehicle' means a vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power and manufactured primarily for use on public highways, but does not include a vehicle operated solely on a rail line or a commercial vehicle.

'(5) REPEAT INTOXICATED DRIVER LAW.--The term 'repeat intoxicated driver law' means a State law that provides, as a minimum penalty, that an individual convicted of a second or subsequent offense for driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence after a previous conviction for that offense shall--

 

'(A) receive a driver's license suspension for not less than 1 year;

'(B) be subject to the impoundment or immobilization of each of the individual's motor vehicles or the installation of an ignition interlock system on each of the motor vehicles;

'(C) receive an assessment of the individual's degree of abuse of alcohol and treatment as appropriate; and

'(D) receive--

 

'(i) in the case of the second offense--

 

'(I) an assignment of not less than 30 days of community service; or

'(II) not less than 5 days of imprisonment; and

 

'(ii) in the case of the third or subsequent offense--

 

'(I) an assignment of not less than 60 days of community service; or

'(II) not less than 10 days of imprisonment.

'(b) TRANSFER OF FUNDS.--

 

'(1) FISCAL YEARS 2001 AND 2002.--On October 1, 2000, and October 1, 2001, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a repeat intoxicated driver law, the Secretary shall transfer an amount equal to 1-1/2 percent of the funds apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) to the apportionment of the State under section 402--

 

'(A) to be used for alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures; or

'(B) to be directed to State and local law enforcement agencies for enforcement of laws prohibiting driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence and other related laws (including regulations), including the purchase of equipment, the training of officers, and the use of additional personnel for specific alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, dedicated to enforcement of the laws (including regulations).

 

'(2) FISCAL YEAR 2003 AND FISCAL YEARS THEREAFTER.--On October 1, 2002, and each October 1 thereafter, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a repeat intoxicated driver law, the Secretary shall transfer an amount equal to 3 percent of the funds apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) to the apportionment of the State under section 402 to be used or directed as described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1).

'(3) USE FOR HAZARD ELIMINATION PROGRAM.--A State may elect to use all or a portion of the funds transferred under paragraph (1) or (2) for activities eligible under section 152.

'(4) FEDERAL SHARE.--The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out with funds transferred under paragraph (1) or (2), or used under paragraph (3), shall be 100 percent.

'(5) DERIVATION OF AMOUNT TO BE TRANSFERRED.--The amount to be transferred under paragraph (1) or (2) may be derived from one or more of the following:

 

'(A) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(1).

'(B) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(3).

'(C) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(4).

 

'(6) TRANSFER OF OBLIGATION AUTHORITY.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--If the Secretary transfers under this subsection any funds to the apportionment of a State under section 402 for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall transfer an amount, determined under subparagraph (B), of obligation authority distributed for the fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for carrying out projects under section 402.

'(B) AMOUNT.--The amount of obligation authority referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be determined by multiplying--

 

'(i) the amount of funds transferred under subparagraph (A) to the apportionment of the State under section 402 for the fiscal year, by

'(ii) the ratio that--

 

'(I) the amount of obligation authority distributed for the fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs, bears to

'(II) the total of the sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (excluding sums not subject to any obligation limitation) for the fiscal year.

'(7) LIMITATION ON APPLICABILITY OF OBLIGATION LIMITATION.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no limitation on the total of obligations for highway safety programs under section 402 shall apply to funds transferred under this subsection to the apportionment of a State under such section.'.

 

'(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The analysis for chapter 1 of such title is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'164. Minimum penalties for repeat offenders for driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence.'.'.

 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of contents contained in section 1(b) of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1403 the following:

 

'Sec. 1404. Safety incentives to prevent operation of motor vehicles by intoxicated persons. 'Sec. 1405. Open container laws. 'Sec. 1406. Minimum penalties for repeat offenders for driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence.'.

 

(c) ROADSIDE SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES.--Section 1402(a)(2) of such Act is amended by striking 'directive' and inserting 'redirective'.

 

SEC. 9006. ELIMINATION OF DUPLICATE PROVISIONS.

 

(a) SAN MATEO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.--Section 1113 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

 

(1) by striking subsection (c); and

(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).

 

(b) VALUE PRICING PILOT PROGRAM.--Section 1216(a) of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'(8) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--

 

'(A) Section 1012(b)(6) of such Act (as amended by paragraph (5) of this subsection) is amended by striking '146(c)' and inserting '102(a)'.

'(B) Section 1012(b)(8) of such Act (as added by paragraph (7) of this subsection) is amended--

 

'(i) in subparagraph (C) by striking 'under this subsection' and inserting 'to carry out this subsection';

'(ii) in subparagraph (D)--

 

'(I) by striking 'under this paragraph' and inserting 'to carry out this subsection'; and

'(II) by striking 'by this paragraph' and inserting 'to carry out this subsection';

 

'(iii) by striking subparagraph (A); and

'(iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), respectively.'.

(c) NATIONAL DEFENSE HIGHWAYS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.--Section 1214(e) of such Act is amended to read as follows:

'(e) MINNESOTA TRANSPORTATION HISTORY NETWORK.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary shall award a grant to the Minnesota Historical Society for the establishment of the Minnesota Transportation History Network to include major exhibits, interpretive programs at national historic landmark sites, and outreach programs with county and local historical organizations.

'(2) COORDINATION.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with officials of the Minnesota Historical Society.

'(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.--There is authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003 to carry out this subsection.

'(4) APPLICABILITY OF TITLE 23.--Funds authorized by this subsection shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code; except that such funds shall remain available until expended.'.

 

(d) ENTRANCE PAVING AT NINIGRET NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--Section 1214(i) of such Act is amended by striking '$750,000' each place it appears and inserting '$75,000'.

 

SEC. 9007. HIGHWAY FINANCE.

 

(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 1503 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Section 188 of title 23, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section), is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (a)(2) by striking '1998' and inserting '1999'; and

'(2) in subsection (c)--

 

'(A) by striking '1998' and inserting '1999'; and

'(B) by striking the table and inserting the following:

 'Fiscal    Maximum amount

 

  year:     of credit:

 

 

  1999      $1,600,000,000

 

  2000      $1,800,000,000

 

  2001      $2,200,000,000

 

  2002      $2,400,000,000

 

  2003      $2,600,000,000.'

 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--The table of contents contained in section 1(b) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

 

(1) in the item relating to section 1119 by striking 'and safety'; and

(2) by striking the items relating to subtitle E of title I and inserting the following:

'Subtitle E--Finance

 

'Chapter 1--Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation

 

'Sec. 1501. Short title. 'Sec. 1502. Findings.

'Sec. 1503. Establishment of program.

'Sec. 1504. Duties of the Secretary.

 

'Chapter 2--State Infrastructure Bank Pilot Program

 

'Sec. 1511. State infrastructure bank pilot program.'.
SEC. 9008. HIGH PRIORITY PROJECTS TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

The table contained in section 1602 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

(1) in item 1 by striking '1.275' and inserting '1.7';

(2) in item 82 by striking '30.675' and inserting '32.4';

(3) in item 107 by striking '1.125' and inserting '1.44';

(4) in item 121 by striking '10.5' and inserting '5.0';

(5) in item 140 by inserting '-VFHS Center' after 'Park';

(6) in item 151 by striking '5.666' and inserting '8.666';

(7) in item 164--

 

(A) by inserting ', and $3,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 1998 and 1999 shall be made available to carry out section 1217(j)' after 'Pennsylvania'; and

(B) by striking '25' and inserting '24.78';

 

(8) by striking item 166 and inserting the following:

------------------------------------------------------------ "166. Michigan Improve Tenth Street, Port Huron 1.8"; ------------------------------------------------------------

(9) by striking item 242 and inserting the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------- "242. Minnesota Construct Third Street North, CSAH 81, Waite Park and St. Cloud 1.0"; -------------------------------------------------------------------

(10) by striking item 250 and inserting the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------ "250. Indiana Reconstruct Old Merridan Corridor from Pennsylvania Avenue to Gilford Road 1.35"; ------------------------------------------------------------------

(11) in item 255 by striking '2.25' and inserting '3.0';

(12) in item 263 by striking 'Upgrade Highway 99 between State Highway 70 and Lincoln Road, Sutter County' and inserting 'Upgrade Highway 99, Sutter County';

(13) in item 288 by striking '3.75' and inserting '5.0';

(14) in item 290 by striking '3.5' and inserting '3.0';

(15) in item 345 by striking '8' and inserting '19.4';

(16) in item 418 by striking '2' and inserting '2.5';

(17) in item 421 by striking '11' and inserting '6';

(18) in item 508 by striking '1.8' and inserting '2.4';

(19) by striking item 525 and inserting the following:

------------------------------------------------------ "525. Alaska Construct Bradfield Canal Road 1"; ------------------------------------------------------

(20) in item 540 by striking '1.5' and inserting '2.0';

(21) in item 576 by striking '0.52275' and inserting '0.69275';

(22) in item 588 by striking '2.5' and inserting '3.0';

(23) in item 591 by striking '10' and inserting '5';

(24) in item 635 by striking '1.875' and inserting '2.15';

(25) in item 669 by striking '3' and inserting '3.5';

(26) in item 702 by striking '10.5' and inserting '10';

(27) in item 746 by inserting ', and for the purchase of the Block House in Scott County, Virginia' after 'Forest';

(28) in item 755 by striking '1.125' and inserting '1.5';

(29) in item 769 by striking 'Construct new I-95 interchange with Highway 99W, Tehama County' and inserting 'Construct new I-5 interchange with Highway 99W, Tehama County';

(30) in item 770 by striking '1.35' and inserting '1.0';

(31) in item 789 by striking '2.0625' and inserting '1.0';

(32) in item 803 by striking 'Tomahark' and inserting 'Tomahawk';

(33) in item 836 by striking 'Construct' and all that follows through 'for' and inserting 'To the National Park Service for construction of the';

(34) in item 854 by striking '0.75' and inserting '1';

(35) in item 863 by striking '9' and inserting '4.75';

(36) in item 887 by striking '0.75' and inserting '3.21';

(37) in item 891 by striking '19.5' and inserting '25.0';

(38) in item 902 by striking '10.5' and inserting '14.0';

(39) by striking item 1065 and inserting the following:

----------------------------------------------------------------- "1065. Texas Construct a 4-lane divided highway on Artcraft Road from I-10 to Route 375 in El Paso 5"; -----------------------------------------------------------------

(40) in item 1192 by striking '24.97725' and inserting '24.55725';

(41) in item 1200 by striking 'Upgrade (all weather) on U.S. 2, U.S. 41, and M 35' and inserting 'Upgrade (all weather) on Delta County's reroute of U.S. 2, U.S. 41, and M 35';

(42) in item 1245 by striking '3' and inserting '3.5';

(43) in item 1271 by striking 'Spur' and all that follows through 'U.S. 59' and inserting 'rail-grade separations (Rosenberg Bypass) at U.S. 59(S)';

(44) in item 1278 by striking '28.18' and inserting '22.0';

(45) in item 1288 by inserting '30' after 'U.S.';

(46) in item 1338 by striking '5.5' and inserting '3.5';

(47) in item 1383 by striking '0.525' and inserting '0.35';

(48) in item 1395 by striking 'Construct' and all that follows through 'Road' and inserting 'Upgrade Route 219 between Meyersdale and Somerset';

(49) in item 1468 by striking 'Reconstruct' and all that follows through 'U.S. 23' and inserting 'Conduct engineering and design and improve I-94 in Calhoun and Jackson Counties';

(50) in item 1474--

 

(A) by striking 'in Euclid' and inserting 'and London Road in Cleveland'; and

(B) by striking '3.75' and inserting '8.0';

 

(51) in item 1535 by striking 'Stanford' and inserting 'Stamford';

(52) in item 1538 by striking 'and Winchester' and inserting ', Winchester, and Torrington';

(53) by striking item 1546 and inserting the following:

----------------------------------------------------------------- "1546. Michigan Construct Bridge-to-Bay bike path, St. Clair County 0.450"; -----------------------------------------------------------------

(54) by striking item 1549 and inserting the following:

--------------------------------------------------------------- "1549. New York Center for Advanced Simulation and Technology at Dowling College 0.6"; ---------------------------------------------------------------

(55) in item 1663 by striking '26.5' and inserting '27.5';

(56) in item 1703 by striking 'I-80' and inserting 'I-180';

(57) in item 1726 by striking 'I-179' and inserting 'I-79';

(58) by striking item 1770 and inserting the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------ "1770. Virginia Operate and conduct research on the 'Smart Road' in Blacksburg 6.025"; ------------------------------------------------------------------

(59) in item 1810 by striking 'Construct Rio Rancho Highway' and inserting 'Northwest Albuquerque/Rio Rancho high priority roads';

(60) in item 1815 by striking 'High' and all that follows through 'projects' and inserting 'Highway and bridge projects that Delaware provides for by law';

(61) in item 1844 by striking 'Prepare' and inserting 'Repair';

(62) by striking item 1850 and inserting the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------ "1850. Missouri Resurface and maintain roads located in Missouri State parks 5"; ------------------------------------------------------------------

(63) in item 661 by striking 'SR 800' and inserting 'SR 78';

(64) in item 1704 by inserting ', Pittsburgh,' after 'Road';

(65) in item 1710 by inserting ', Bethlehem' after 'site'; and

(66) in item 1626 by striking '1' and inserting '2'.

SEC. 9009. FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS.

 

(a) DEFINITIONS.--Section 3003 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) by inserting '(a) IN GENERAL.--' before 'Section 5302'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--Section 5302 (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) is amended in subsection (a)(1)(G)(i) by striking 'daycare and' and inserting 'daycare or'.'.

(b) METROPOLITAN PLANNING.--Section 3004 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (b)--

 

(A) in paragraph (1) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

'(A) by striking 'general local government representing' and inserting 'general purpose local government that together represent'; and';

(B) in paragraph (3) by striking 'and' at the end;

(C) in paragraph (4) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

'(A) by striking 'general local government representing' and inserting 'general purpose local government that together represent'; and';

(D) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and

(E) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:

 

'(4) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking '(3)' and inserting '(5)'; and';

(2) in subsection (d) by striking the closing quotation marks and the final period at the end and inserting the following:

'(5) COORDINATION.--If a project is located within the boundaries of more than one metropolitan planning organization, the metropolitan planning organizations shall coordinate plans regarding the project.

'(6) LAKE TAHOE REGION.--

 

'(A) DEFINITION.--In this paragraph, the term 'Lake Tahoe region' has the meaning given the term 'region' in subdivision (a) of article II of the Tahoe Regional Planning Compact, as set forth in the first section of Public Law 96-551 (94 Stat. 3234).

'(B) TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS.--The Secretary shall--

 

'(i) establish with the Federal land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land in the Lake Tahoe region a transportation planning process for the region; and

'(ii) coordinate the transportation planning process with the planning process required of State and local governments under this chapter and sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code.

 

'(C) INTERSTATE COMPACT.--

 

'(i) IN GENERAL.--Subject to clause (ii) and notwithstanding subsection (b), to carry out the transportation planning process required by this section, the consent of Congress is granted to the States of California and Nevada to designate a metropolitan planning organization for the Lake Tahoe region, by agreement between the Governors of the States of California and Nevada and units of general purpose local government that together represent at least 75 percent of the affected population (including the central city or cities (as defined by the Bureau of the Census)), or in accordance with procedures established by applicable State or local law.

'(ii) INVOLVEMENT OF FEDERAL LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.--

 

'(I) REPRESENTATION.--The policy board of a metropolitan planning organization designated under clause (i) shall include a representative of each Federal land management agency that has jurisdiction over land in the Lake Tahoe region.

'(II) FUNDING.--In addition to funds made available to the metropolitan planning organization under other provisions of this chapter and under title 23, not more than 1 percent of the funds allocated under section 202 of title 23 may be used to carry out the transportation planning process for the Lake Tahoe region under this subparagraph.

'(D) ACTIVITIES.--Highway projects included in transportation plans developed under this paragraph--

 

'(i) shall be selected for funding in a manner that facilitates the participation of the Federal land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land in the Lake Tahoe region; and

'(ii) may, in accordance with chapter 2 of title 23, be funded using funds allocated under section 202 of title 23, United States Code.'; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(f) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 5303(f) is amended--

 

'(1) in paragraph (1) (as amended by subsection (e)(1) of this subsection)--

 

'(A) in subparagraph (C) by striking 'and' at the end;

'(B) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period at the end and inserting '; and'; and

'(C) by adding at the end the following:

'(E) the financial plan may include, for illustrative purposes, additional projects that would be included in the adopted long-range plan if reasonable additional resources beyond those identified in the financial plan were available, except that, for the purpose of developing the long-range plan, the metropolitan planning organization and the State shall cooperatively develop estimates of funds that will be available to support plan implementation.'; and

 

'(2) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(6) SELECTION OF PROJECTS FROM ILLUSTRATIVE LIST.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(E), a State or metropolitan planning organization shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under paragraph (1)(B).'.'.
(c) METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.--Section 3005 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in the section heading by inserting 'metropolitan' before 'transportation'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(d) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 5304 is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (a) (as amended by subsection (a) of this section)--

 

'(A) by striking 'In cooperation with' and inserting the following:

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--In cooperation with'; and

 

'(B) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(2) FUNDING ESTIMATE.--For the purpose of developing the transportation improvement program, the metropolitan planning organization, public transit agency, and the State shall cooperatively develop estimates of funds that are reasonably expected to be available to support program implementation.';

'(2) in subsection (b)(2)--

 

'(A) in subparagraph (B) by striking 'and' at the end; and

'(B) in subparagraph (C) (as added by subsection (b) of this section) by striking 'strategies which may include' and inserting the following: 'strategies; and

'(D) may include'; and

 

'(3) in subsection (c) by striking paragraph (4) (as amended by subsection (c) of this section) and inserting the following:

'(4) SELECTION OF PROJECTS FROM ILLUSTRATIVE LIST.--

 

'(A) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding subsection (b)(2)(D), a State or metropolitan planning organization shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under subsection (b)(2)(D).

'(B) ACTION BY SECRETARY.--Action by the Secretary shall be required for a State or metropolitan planning organization to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the plan under subsection (b)(2) for inclusion in an approved transportation improvement plan.'.'.

(d) TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AREAS.--Section 3006(d) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended to read as follows:

'(d) PROJECT SELECTION.--Section 5305(d)(1) is amended to read as follows:

 

'(1)(A) All federally funded projects carried out within the boundaries of a transportation management area under title 23 (excluding projects carried out on the National Highway System and projects carried out under the bridge and interstate maintenance program) or under this chapter shall be selected from the approved transportation improvement program by the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area in consultation with the State and any affected public transit operator.

 

'(B) Projects carried out within the boundaries of a transportation management area on the National Highway System and projects carried out within such boundaries under the bridge program or the interstate maintenance program shall be selected from the approved transportation improvement program by the State in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area.'.'.
(e) URBANIZED AREA FORMULA GRANTS.--Section 3007 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(h) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--

 

'(1) GENERAL AUTHORITY.--Section 5307(b) (as amended by subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section) is amended by adding at the end the following: 'The Secretary may make grants under this section from funds made available for fiscal year 1998 to finance the operating costs of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation in an urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000.'.

'(2) REPORT.--Section 5307(k)(3) (as amended by subsection (f) of this section) is amended by inserting 'preceding' before 'fiscal year'.'.

 

(f) CLEAN FUELS FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM.--Section 3008 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 5308(e)(2) (as added by subsection (a) of this section) is amended by striking '$50,000,000' and inserting '35 percent'.'.

(g) CAPITAL INVESTMENT GRANTS AND LOANS.--Section 3009 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(k) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--

 

'(1) CRITERIA.--Section 5309(e) (as amended by subsection (e) of this section) is amended--

 

'(A) in paragraph (3)(C) by striking 'urban' and inserting 'suburban';

'(B) in the second sentence of paragraph (6) by striking 'or not' and all that follows through ', based' and inserting 'or 'not recommended', based'; and

'(C) in the last sentence of paragraph (6) by inserting 'of the' before 'criteria established'.

 

'(2) LETTERS OF INTENT AND FULL FUNDING GRANT AGREEMENTS.--Section 5309(g) (as amended by subsection (f) of this section) is amended in paragraph (4) by striking '5338(a)' and all that follows through '2003' and inserting '5338(b) of this title for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems and the amount appropriated under section 5338(h)(5) or an amount equivalent to the last 2 fiscal years of funding authorized under section 5338(b) for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems'.

'(3) ALLOCATING AMOUNTS.--Section 5309(m) (as amended by subsection (g) of this section) is amended--

 

'(A) in paragraph (1) by inserting '(b)' after '5338';

'(B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

 

'(2) NEW FIXED GUIDEWAY GRANTS.--

 

'(A) LIMITATION ON AMOUNTS AVAILABLE FOR ACTIVITIES OTHER THAN FINAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.--Not more than 8 percent of the amounts made available in each fiscal year by paragraph (1)(B) shall be available for activities other than final design and construction.

'(B) FUNDING FOR FERRY BOAT SYSTEMS.--

 

'(i) AMOUNTS UNDER (1)(B).--Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1)(B), $10,400,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 1999 through 2003 for capital projects in Alaska or Hawaii, for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems that are ferry boats or ferry terminal facilities, or that are approaches to ferry terminal facilities.

'(ii) AMOUNTS UNDER 5338(h)(5).--Of the amounts appropriated under section 5338(h)(5), $3,600,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 1999 through 2003 for capital projects in Alaska or Hawaii, for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems that are ferry boats or ferry terminal facilities, or that are approaches to ferry terminal facilities.';

 

'(C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (3)(C);

'(D) in paragraph (3) by adding at the end the following:

'(D) OTHER THAN URBANIZED AREAS.--Of amounts made available by paragraph (1)(C), not less than 5.5 percent shall be available in each fiscal year for other than urbanized areas.';

'(E) by striking paragraph (5); and

'(F) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:

 

'(4) ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE FOR MULTIPLE PROJECTS.--A person applying for or receiving assistance for a project described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) may receive assistance for a project described in any other of such subparagraphs.'.'.

 

(h) REFERENCES TO FULL FUNDING GRANT AGREEMENTS.--Section 3009(h)(3) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) by striking 'and' at the end of subparagraph (A)(ii);

(2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting a semicolon; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(C) in section 5328(a)(4) by striking 'section 5309(m)(2) of this title' and inserting '5309(o)(1)'; and

'(D) in section 5309(n)(2) by striking 'in a way' and inserting 'in a manner'.'.

(i) DOLLAR VALUE OF MOBILITY IMPROVEMENTS.--Section 3010(b)(2) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by striking 'Secretary' and inserting 'Comptroller General'.

(j) INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS.--Section 3012 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by moving paragraph (3) of subsection (a) to the end of subsection (b) and by redesignating such paragraph (3) as paragraph (4).

(k) ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PILOT PROJECT.--Section 3015 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (c)(2) by adding at the end the following: 'Financial assistance made available under this subsection and projects assisted with the assistance shall be subject to section 5333(a) of title 49, United States Code.'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(d) TRAINING AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--Any funds made available by section 5338(e)(2)(C)(iii) of title 49, United States Code, shall be available in equal amounts for transportation research, training, and curriculum development at institutions identified in subparagraphs (E) and (F) of section 5505(j)(3) of such title.

'(2) SPECIAL RULE.--If the institutions identified in paragraph (1) are selected pursuant to 5505(i)(3)(B) of such title in fiscal year 2002 or 2003, the funds made available to carry out this subsection shall be available to those institutions to carry out the activities required pursuant to section 5505(i)(3)(B) of such title for that fiscal year.'.

 

(l) NATIONAL TRANSIT INSTITUTE.--Section 3017(a) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended to read as follows:

'(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 5315 is amended--

 

'(1) in the section heading by striking 'mass transportation' and inserting 'transit';

'(2) in subsection (a)--

 

'(A) by striking 'mass transportation' in the first sentence and inserting 'transit';

'(B) in paragraph (5) by inserting 'and architectural design' before the semicolon at the end;

'(C) in paragraph (7) by striking 'carrying out' and inserting 'delivering';

'(D) in paragraph (11) by inserting ', construction management, insurance, and risk management' before the semicolon at the end;

'(E) in paragraph (13) by striking 'and' at the end;

'(F) in paragraph (14) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

'(G) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(15) innovative finance; and

'(16) workplace safety.'.'.

 

(m) PILOT PROGRAM.--Section 3021(a) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by inserting 'single-State' before 'pilot program'.

(n) ARCHITECTURAL, ENGINEERING, AND DESIGN CONTRACTS.--Section 3022 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 5325(b) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(2) of this section) is amended--

 

'(1) by inserting 'or requirement' after 'A contract'; and

'(2) by inserting before the last sentence the following: 'When awarding such contracts, recipients of assistance under this chapter shall maximize efficiencies of administration by accepting nondisputed audits conducted by other governmental agencies, as provided in subparagraphs (C) through (F) of section 112(b)(2) of title 23, United States Code.'.'.

 

(o) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 3027 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (c) by striking '600,000' each place it appears and inserting '900,000'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The item relating to section 5336 in the table of sections for chapter 53 is amended by striking 'block grants' and inserting 'formula grants'.'.

(p) APPORTIONMENT FOR FIXED GUIDEWAY MODERNIZATION.--Section 3028 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--Section 5337(a) (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) is amended--

 

'(1) in paragraph (2)(B) by striking '(e)' and inserting '(e)(1)';

'(2) in paragraph (3)(D)--

 

'(A) by striking '(ii)'; and

'(B) by striking '(e)' and inserting '(e)(1)';

 

'(3) in paragraph (4) by striking '(e)' and inserting '(e)(1)';

'(4) in paragraph (5)(A) by striking '(e)' and inserting '(e)(2)';

'(5) in paragraph (5)(B) by striking '(e)' and inserting '(e)(2)';

'(6) in paragraph (6) by striking '(e)' each place it appears and inserting '(e)(2)'; and

'(7) in paragraph (7) by striking '(e)' each place it appears and inserting '(e)(2)'.'.

 

(q) AUTHORIZATIONS.--Section 3029 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 5338 (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(i) by striking '$43,200,000' and inserting '$42,200,000';

'(2) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(ii) by striking '$46,400,000' and inserting '$48,400,000';

'(3) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(iii) by striking '$51,200,000' and inserting '$50,200,000';

'(4) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(iv) by striking '$52,800,000' and inserting '$53,800,000';

'(5) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(v) by striking '$57,600,000' and inserting '$58,600,000';

'(6) in subsection (d)(2)(C)(iii) by inserting before the semicolon ', including not more than $1,000,000 shall be available to carry out section 5315(a)(16)';

'(7) in subsection (e)--

 

'(A) by striking '5317(b)' each place it appears and inserting '5505';

'(B) in paragraph (1) by striking 'There are' and inserting 'Subject to paragraph (2)(C), there are';

'(C) in paragraph (2)--

 

'(i) in subparagraph (A) by striking 'There shall' and inserting 'Subject to subparagraph (C), there shall';

'(ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking 'In addition' and inserting 'Subject to subparagraph (C), in addition'; and

'(iii) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(C) FUNDING OF CENTERS.--

 

'(i) Of the amounts made available under subparagraph (A) and paragraph (1) for each fiscal year--

 

'(I) $2,000,000 shall be available for the center identified in section 5505(j)(4)(A); and

'(II) $2,000,000 shall be available for the center identified in section 5505(j)(4)(F).

 

'(ii) For each of fiscal years 1998 through 2001, of the amounts made available under this paragraph and paragraph (1)--

 

'(I) $400,000 shall be available from amounts made available under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph and under paragraph (1) for each of the centers identified in subparagraphs (E) and (F) of section 5505(j)(3); and

'(II) $350,000 shall be available from amounts made available under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph and under paragraph (1) for each of the centers identified in subparagraphs (E) and (F) of section 5505(j)(3).

 

'(iii) Any amounts made available under this paragraph or paragraph (1) for any fiscal year that remain after distribution under clauses (i) and (ii), shall be available for the purposes identified in section 3015(d) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998.'; and

 

'(D) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(3) SPECIAL RULE.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the transportation research conducted by the centers funded by this section.';

'(8) in subsection (g)(2) by striking '(c)(2)(B),' and all that follows through '(f)(2)(B),' and inserting '(c)(1), (c)(2)(B), (d)(1), (d)(2)(B), (e)(1), (e)(2)(B), (f)(1), (f)(2)(B),';

'(9) in subsection (h) by inserting 'under the Transportation Discretionary Spending Guarantee for the Mass Transit Category' after 'through (f)'; and

'(10) in subsection (h)(5) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (E) and inserting the following:

 

'(A) for fiscal year 1999 $400,000,000;

'(B) for fiscal year 2000 $410,000,000;

'(C) for fiscal year 2001 $420,000,000;

'(D) for fiscal year 2002 $430,000,000; and

'(E) for fiscal year 2003 $430,000,000;'.'.

(r) PROJECTS FOR FIXED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS.--Section 3030 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (a)--

 

(A) in paragraph (8) by inserting 'North-' before 'South';

(B) in paragraph (42) by striking 'Maryland' and inserting 'Baltimore';

(C) in paragraph (103) by striking 'busway' and inserting 'Boulevard transitway';

(D) in paragraph (106) by inserting 'CTA' before 'Douglas';

(E) by striking paragraph (108) and inserting the following:

 

'(108) Greater Albuquerque Mass Transit Project.'; and

 

(F) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(109) Hartford City Light Rail Connection to Central Business District.

'(110) Providence-Boston Commuter Rail.

'(111) New York-St. George's Ferry Intermodal Terminal.

'(112) New York-Midtown West Ferry Terminal.

'(113) Pinellas County-Mobility Initiative Project.

'(114) Atlanta-MARTA Extension (S. De Kalb-Lindbergh).';

(2) in subsection (b)--

 

(A) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

 

'(2) Sioux City-Light Rail.';

 

(B) by striking paragraph (40) and inserting the following:

 

'(40) Santa Fe-El Dorado Rail Link.';

 

(C) by striking paragraph (44) and inserting the following:

 

'(44) Albuquerque-High Capacity Corridor.';

 

(D) by striking paragraph (53) and inserting the following:

 

'(53) San Jacinto-Branch Line (Riverside County).'; and

 

(E) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(69) Chicago-Northwest Rail Transit Corridor.

'(70) Vermont-Burlington-Essex Commuter Rail.'; and

(3) in subsection (c)--

 

(A) in paragraph (1)(A)--

 

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i) by inserting '(even if the project is not listed in subsection (a) or (b))' before the colon;

(ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting the following:

'(ii) San Diego Mission Valley and Mid-Coast Corridor, $325,000,000.';

(iii) by striking clause (v) and inserting the following:

'(v) Hartford City Light Rail Connection to Central Business District, $33,000,000.';

(iv) by striking clause (xxiii) and inserting the following:

'(xxiii) Kansas City--I-35 Commuter Rail, $30,000,000.';

(v) in clause (xxxii) by striking 'Whitehall Ferry Terminal' and inserting 'Staten Island Ferry-Whitehall Intermodal Terminal';

(vi) by striking clause (xxxv) and inserting the following:

'(xxxv) New York-Midtown West Ferry Terminal, $16,300,000.';

(vii) in clause (xxxix) by striking 'Allegheny County' and inserting 'Pittsburgh';

(viii) by striking clause (xvi) and inserting the following:

'(xvi) Northeast Indianapolis Corridor, $10,000,000.';

(ix) by striking clause (xxix) and inserting the following:

'(xxix) Greater Albuquerque Mass Transit Project, $90,000,000.';

(x) by striking clause (xliii) and inserting the following:

'(xliii) Providence-Boston Commuter Rail, $10,000,000.'; and

(xi) by striking clause (li) and inserting the following:

'(li) Dallas-Ft. Worth RAILTRAN (Phase-II), $12,000,000.';

 

(B) by striking the heading for subsection (c)(2) and inserting 'ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS'; and

(C) in paragraph (3) by inserting after the first sentence the following: 'The project shall also be exempted from all requirements relating to criteria for grants and loans for fixed guideway systems under section 5309(e) of such title and from regulations required under that section.'.

(s) NEW JERSEY URBAN CORE PROJECT.--Section 3030(e) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'(4) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENT.--Section 3031(d) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (as amended by paragraph (3)(B) of this subsection) is amended--

 

'(A) by striking 'of the West Shore Line' and inserting 'or the West Shore Line'; and

'(B) by striking 'directly connected to' and all that follows through 'Newark International Airport' the first place it appears.'.

(t) BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS.--Section 3030 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(h) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENT.--Section 3035(nn) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2134) (as amended by subsection (g)(1)(C) of this section) is amended by inserting after 'expenditure of' the following: 'section 5309 funds to the aggregate expenditure of'.'.

(u) BUS PROJECTS.--Section 3031 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in the table contained in subsection (a)--

 

(A) by striking item 64;

(B) in item 69 by striking 'Rensslear' each place it appears and inserting 'Rensselaer';

(C) in item 103 by striking 'facilities and'; and

(D) by striking item 150;

 

(2) by striking the heading for subsection (b) and inserting 'ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS';

(3) in subsection (b) by inserting after '2000' the first place it appears 'with funds made available under section 5338(h)(6) of such title'; and

(4) in item 2 of the table contained in subsection (b) by striking 'Rensslear' each place it appears and inserting 'Rensselaer'.

 

(v) CONTRACTING OUT STUDY.--Section 3032 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (a) by striking '3' and inserting '6';

(2) in subsection (d) by striking 'the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund' and inserting 'funds made available under section 5338(f)(2) of title 49, United States Code,';

(3) in subsection (d) by striking '1998' and inserting '1999'; and

(4) in subsection (e) by striking 'subsection (c)' and inserting 'subsection (d)'.

 

(w) JOB ACCESS AND REVERSE COMMUTE GRANTS.--Section 3037 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (b)(4)(A)--

 

(A) by inserting 'designated recipients under section 5307(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code,' after 'from among'; and

(B) by inserting a comma after 'and agencies';

 

(2) in subsection (b)(4)(B)--

 

(A) by striking 'at least' and inserting 'less than';

(B) by inserting 'designated recipients under section 5307(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code,' after 'from among'; and

(C) by inserting 'and agencies,' after 'authorities';

 

(3) in subsection (f)(2)--

 

(A) by striking '(including bicycling)'; and

(B) by inserting '(including bicycling)' after 'additional services';

 

(4) in subsection (h)(2)(B) by striking '403(a)(5)(C)(ii)' and inserting '403(a)(5)(C)(vi)';

(5) in the heading for subsection (l)(1)(C) by striking 'FROM THE GENERAL FUND';

(6) in subsection (l)(1)(C) by inserting 'under the Transportation Discretionary Spending Guarantee for the Mass Transit Category' after '(B)'; and

(7) in subsection (l)(3)(B) by striking 'at least' and inserting 'less than'.

 

(x) RURAL TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY INCENTIVE PROGRAM.--Section 3038 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (a)(1)(A) by inserting before the semicolon 'or connecting 1 or more rural communities with an urban area not in close proximity';

(2) in subsection (g)(1)--

 

(A) by inserting 'over-the-road buses used substantially or exclusively in' after 'operators of'; and

(B) by inserting at the end the following:

 

'Such sums shall remain available until expended.'; and

(3) in subsection (g)(2)--

 

(A) by striking 'each of'; and

(B) by adding at the end the following: 'Such sums shall remain available until expended.'.

(y) STUDY OF TRANSIT NEEDS IN NATIONAL PARKS AND RELATED PUBLIC LANDS.--Section 3039(b) of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) in paragraph (1) by striking 'in order to carry' and inserting 'assist in carrying'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

'(3) DEFINITION.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'Federal land management agencies' means the National Park Service, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management.'.

 

(z) OBLIGATION CEILING.--Section 3040 of the Federal Transit Act of 1998 is amended--

 

(1) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

'(2) $5,797,000,000 in fiscal year 2000;'; and

(2) in paragraph (4) by striking '$6,746,000,000' and inserting '$6,747,000,000'.

SEC. 9010. MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

Section 4011 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

 

'(h) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Section 31314 (as amended by subsection (g) of this section) is amended--

 

'(1) in subsections (a) and (b) by striking '(3), and (5)' each place it appears and inserting '(3), and (4)'; and

'(2) by striking subsection (d).'.

SEC. 9011. RESTORATIONS TO RESEARCH TITLE.

 

(a) UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FUNDING.--Section 5001(a)(7) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

 

(1) by striking '$31,150,000' each place it appears and inserting '$25,650,000';

(2) by striking '$32,750,000' each place it appears and inserting '$27,250,000'; and

(3) by striking '$32,000,000' each place it appears and inserting '$26,500,000'.

 

(b) OBLIGATION CEILING.--Section 5002 of such Act is amended by striking '$403,150,000' and all that follows through '$468,000,000' and inserting '$397,650,000 for fiscal year 1998, $403,650,000 for fiscal year 1999, $422,450,000 for fiscal year 2000, $437,250,000 for fiscal year 2001, $447,500,000 for fiscal year 2002, and $462,500,000'.

(c) USE OF FUNDS FOR ITS.--Section 5210 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(d) USE OF INNOVATIVE FINANCING.--

 

'(1) IN GENERAL.--The Secretary may use up to 25 percent of the funds made available to carry out this subtitle to make available loans, lines of credit, and loan guarantees for projects that are eligible for assistance under this subtitle and that have significant intelligent transportation system elements.

'(2) CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER LAW.--Credit assistance described in paragraph (1) shall be made available in a manner consistent with the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998.'.

 

(d) UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH.--Section 5110 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(d) TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 5505 of title 49, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section), is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (g)(2) by striking 'section 5506,' and inserting 'section 508 of title 23, United States Code,';

'(2) in subsection (i)--

 

'(A) by inserting 'Subject to section 5338(e):' after '(i) NUMBER AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.--'; and

'(B) by striking 'institutions' each place it appears and inserting 'institutions or groups of institutions'; and

 

'(3) in subsection (j)(4)(B) by striking 'on behalf of' and all that follows before the period and inserting 'on behalf of a consortium which may also include West Virginia University Institute of Technology, the College of West Virginia, and Bluefield State College'.'.

 

(e) TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.--Section 5115 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (a) by striking 'Director' and inserting 'Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics';

(2) in subsection (b) by striking 'Bureau' and inserting 'Bureau of Transportation Statistics,'; and

(3) in subsection (c) by striking 'paragraph (1)' and inserting 'subsection (a)'.

 

(f) CORRECTIONS TO CERTAIN OKLAHOMA PROJECTS.--Section 5116 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) in subsection (e)(2) by striking '$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $500,000 for fiscal year 2001' and inserting '$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, and $500,000 for fiscal year 2002'; and

(2) in subsection (f)(2) by striking '$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, and $500,000 for fiscal year 2002' and inserting '$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $500,000 for fiscal year 2001'.

 

(g) INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE REFERENCE.--Section 5117(b)(3)(B)(ii) of such Act is amended by striking 'local departments of transportation' and inserting 'the Department of Transportation'.

(h) FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALTS AND MODIFIED ASPHALTS.--Section 5117(b)(5)(B) of such Act is amended--

 

(1) by striking '1999' and inserting '1998'; and

(2) by striking '$3,000,000 per fiscal year' and inserting '$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1999 through 2003'.

SEC. 9012. AUTOMOBILE SAFETY AND INFORMATION.

 

(a) REFERENCE.--Section 7104 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 30105(a) of title 49, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a) of this section), is amended by inserting after 'Secretary' the following: 'for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration'.'.

(b) CLEAN VESSEL ACT FUNDING.--Section 7403 of such Act is amended--

 

(1) by inserting '(a) IN GENERAL.--' before 'Section 4(b)'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

 

'(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.--Section 4(b)(3)(B) of the 1950 Act (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) is amended by striking '6404(d)' and inserting '7404(d)'.'.

(c) BOATING INFRASTRUCTURE.--Section 7404(b) of such Act is amended by striking '6402' and inserting '7402'.

 

SEC. 9013. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS REGARDING SUBTITLE A OF TITLE VIII.

 

(a) AMENDMENT TO OFFSETTING ADJUSTMENT FOR DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMIT.--Section 8101(b) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended--

 

(1) in paragraph (1) by striking '$25,173,000,000' and inserting '$25,144,000,000'; and

(2) in paragraph (2) by striking '$26,045,000,000' and inserting '$26,009,000,000'.

 

(b) AMENDMENTS FOR HIGHWAY CATEGORY.--Section 8101 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following:

'(f) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Section 250(c)(4)(C) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (as amended by subsection (c) of this Act) is amended--

 

'(1) by striking 'Century and' and inserting 'Century or';

'(2) by striking 'as amended by this section,' and inserting 'as amended by the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century,'; and

'(3) by adding at the end the following new flush sentence:

 

'Such term also refers to the Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority account (69-1128-0-1-401) only for fiscal year 1999 only for appropriations provided pursuant to authorizations contained in section 14 of Public Law 96-184 and Public Law 101-551.'.'.
(c) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.--Section 8102 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: 'or from section 1102 of this Act'.

 

SEC. 9014. CORRECTIONS TO VETERANS SUBTITLE.

 

(a) TOBACCO-RELATED ILLNESSES IN VETERANS.--Section 8202 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended to read as follows (and the amendments made by that section as originally enacted shall be treated for all purposes as not having been made):

 

'SEC. 8202. TREATMENT OF TOBACCO-RELATED ILLNESSES OF VETERANS.

 

'(a) IN GENERAL.--(1) Chapter 11 of title 38, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1102 the following new section:

 

'Sec. 1103. Special provisions relating to claims based upon effects of tobacco products

 

'(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a veteran's disability or death shall not be considered to have resulted from personal injury suffered or disease contracted in the line of duty in the active military, naval, or air service for purposes of this title on the basis that it resulted from injury or disease attributable to the use of tobacco products by the veteran during the veteran's service.

'(b) Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed as precluding the establishment of service connection for disability or death from a disease or injury which is otherwise shown to have been incurred or aggravated in active military, naval, or air service or which became manifest to the requisite degree of disability during any applicable presumptive period specified in section 1112 or 1116 of this title.'.

 

'(2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1102 the following new item:
'1103. Special provisions relating to claims based upon effects of tobacco products.'.

 

'(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--Section 1103 of title 38, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to claims received by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs after the date of the enactment of this Act.'.

(b) GI BILL EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR SURVIVORS AND DEPENDENTS OF VETERANS.--Subtitle B of title VIII of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

 

'SEC. 8210. TWENTY PERCENT INCREASE IN RATES OF SURVIVORS AND DEPENDENTS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE.

 

'(a) SURVIVORS AND DEPENDENTS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE.--Section 3532 of title 38, United States Code, is amended--

 

'(1) in subsection (a)(1)--

 

'(A) by striking out '$404' and inserting in lieu thereof '$485';

'(B) by striking out '$304' and inserting in lieu thereof '$365'; and

'(C) by striking out '$202' and inserting in lieu thereof '$242';

 

'(2) in subsection (a)(2), by striking out '$404' and inserting in lieu thereof '$485';

'(3) in subsection (b), by striking out '$404' and inserting in lieu thereof '$485'; and

'(4) in subsection (c)(2)--

 

'(A) by striking out '$327' and inserting in lieu thereof '$392';

'(B) by striking out '$245' and inserting in lieu thereof '$294'; and

'(C) by striking out '$163' and inserting in lieu thereof '$196'.

'(b) CORRESPONDENCE COURSE.--Section 3534(b) of such title is amended by striking out '$404' and inserting in lieu thereof '$485'.

'(c) SPECIAL RESTORATIVE TRAINING.--Section 3542(a) of such title is amended--

 

'(1) by striking out '$404' and inserting in lieu thereof '$485';

'(2) by striking out '$127' each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof '$152'; and

'(3) by striking out '$13.46' and inserting in lieu thereof '$16.16'.

 

'(d) APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING.--Section 3687(b)(2) of such title is amended--

 

'(1) by striking out '$294' and inserting in lieu thereof '$353';

'(2) by striking out '$220' and inserting in lieu thereof '$264';

'(3) by striking out '$146' and inserting in lieu thereof '$175'; and

'(4) by striking out '$73' and inserting in lieu thereof '$88'.

 

'(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect on October 1, 1998, and shall apply with respect to educational assistance allowances paid for months after September 1998.'.

 

SEC. 9015. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS REGARDING TITLE IX.

 

(a) HIGHWAY TRUST FUND.--Subsection (f) of section 9002 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

 

'(4) The last sentence of section 9503(c)(1), as amended by subsection (d), is amended by striking 'the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century' and inserting 'the date of the enactment of the TEA 21 Restoration Act'.

'(5) Paragraph (3) of section 9503(e), as amended by subsection (d), is amended by striking 'the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century' and inserting 'the date of the enactment of the TEA 21 Restoration Act'.'.

 

(b) BOAT SAFETY ACCOUNT AND SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACCOUNT.--Section 9005 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

'(f) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.--

 

'(1) Subparagraph (A) of section 9504(b)(2), as amended by subsection (b)(1), is amended by striking 'the date of the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century' and inserting 'the date of the enactment of the TEA 21 Restoration Act'.

'(2) Subparagraph (B) of section 9504(b)(2), as added by subsection (b)(3), is amended by striking 'such Act' and inserting 'the TEA 21 Restoration Act'.

'(3) Subparagraph (C) of section 9504(b)(2), as amended by subsection (b)(2) and redesignated by subsection (b)(3), is amended by striking 'the date of the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century' and inserting 'the date of the enactment of the TEA 21 Restoration Act'.

'(4) Subsection (c) of section 9504, as amended by subsection (c)(2), is amended by striking 'the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century' and inserting 'the date of the enactment of the TEA 21 Restoration Act'.'.

SEC. 9016. EFFECTIVE DATE.

This title and the amendments made by this title shall take effect simultaneously with the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. For purposes of all Federal laws, the amendments made by this title shall be treated as being included in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century at the time of the enactment of such Act, and the provisions of such Act (including the amendments made by such Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act) that are amended by this title shall be treated as not being enacted.

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.

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